Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Ocular Differential Diagnosis 7th edition_Roy_2002

C.Foods

D.Protein antigens (anaphylaxis)

4. Delayed hypersensitive reaction

A.Bacterial antigens

B.Viral antigens

5. Doubtful entitiesâ??nongranulomatous uveitis

A.Amebiasis

B.Diabetic iritis

C.Gouty iritis

D.Heterochromic iridocyclitis

E.*Sarcoidosis syndrome (Schaumann syndrome)

F.Secondary to metabolic disease, such as biliary cirrhosis and systemic xanthomatosis

G.Uveitis associated with collagen diseases

6. Mixed granulomatous and nongranulomatous

A.Lens-induced uvealis

B.*Peripheral uveitis

7. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 associated diseases

A.Ankylosing spondylitis

B.Inflammatory bowel disease

C.Psoriasis

D.Reiter disease

8. Infections

A.Herpes zoster/herpes simplex

B.Lyme disease

C.Syphilis

Byles DB, et al. Anterior uveitis as a side effect of topical brimonidine. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;130:287â??291.Bibliographic Links

Chavez-de la Paz, et al. Anterior nongranulomatous uveitis after intravitreal HPMPC (Cidofovir) for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Ophthalmology 1997;104:539â??544.Bibliographic Links

Fraunfelder FT, Fraunfelder FW. Drug-induced ocular side effects. Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001.

Moorthy RS, et al. Drug-induced uveitis. Surv Ophthalmol 1998;42:557â??570.Bibliographic Links

Granulomatous Uveitis

1. Proven or probable etiology

A.Associated with nonpyogenic systemic infections

1. Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis) 2. Leprosy (Mycobacterium leprae)

3. Leptospirosis (Leptospira canicola, L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. pomona) 4. *Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)

5. *Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

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B.Protozoan infections

1. Amebiasis (Entamoeba coli, E. histolytica, Endolimax nana, Acanthamoeba hartmannella)

2. Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)

3. Trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma cruzi, T. gambiense)

C.Fungal infections

1. Actinomycosis

2. Aspergillosis

3. Blastomycosis

4. Candidiasis (moniliasis)

5. Coccidioidomycosis

6. Cryptococcosis (Cryptococcus neoformans or Torula histolytica)

7. *Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum)

8. Mycomycosis (phycomycosis)

9. Nocardiosis

10. Sporotrichosis (Sporotrichum schenckii)

1997;104:939â??944.Bibliographic Links

Schwab IR. Herpes zoster sine herpete. Ophthalmology 1997;104:1421â??1425.Bibliographic Links

Pigmented Ciliary Body Lesions

1. *Ciliary body cyst

2. Diffuse iris melanotic lesion

3. *Drugs including the following:

7. Posttraumatic pigmentary migration

Biswas J, et al. 7 diffuse melanotic lesion of the iris as a presenting feature of ciliary body melanocytoma: report of a case and review of the literature. Surv Ophthalmol 1998;42:378â??383.Bibliographic Links

Fraunfelder FT, Fraunfelder FW. Drug-induced ocular side effects. Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001.

Lois N, et al. Cavitary melanoma of the ciliary body. Ophthalmology 1998;105:1091â??1098.Bibliographic Links

Neuroepithelial Tumors of Ciliary Body

1. Congenital

A.Glioneuroma

B.Medulloepithelioma

1. *Benign

2. Malignant

C.Teratoid medulloepithelioma

1. Benign

2. Malignant

2. Acquired

A.Adenocarcinoma

1. *Papillary

2. Pleomorphic

3. Solid

B.Adenoma

1. *Papillary

2. Pleomorphic

3. Solid

C.Mesectodermal leiomyoma

D.Pseudoadenomatous hyperplasia

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Shields JA, et al. Observations on seven cases of intraocular leiomyoma. Arch Ophthalmol 1994;112:521â??528.Bibliographic Links

Shields JA, et al. Natural causes and histopathologic findings of lacrimal gland chorestoma of the iris and ciliary body. Am J Ophthalmol 1995;119:219â??224.Bibliographic Links

Internal Ophthalmoplegia

Internal ophthalmoplegia is characterized by paresis of ciliary body with loss of power of accommodation and pupil dilatation because of lesions of ciliary ganglion.

1. Acute porphyriaâ??frequently bilateral

2. *Adie syndrome (myotonic pupil)

3. Aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery at its junction with the internal carotidâ??unilateral

4. Congenitalâ??rare

5. *Cycloplegic ocular medicationâ??most common

6. During acute illnessâ??transient

7. During blepharoplastyâ??transient

8. Fisher syndrome (ophthalmoplegiaâ??ataxiaâ??areflexia syndrome) 9. Foramen lacerum syndrome (aneurysm of internal carotid artery)

10. Histiocytosis X (Handâ??Schüllerâ??Christian syndrome)

11. Hollenhorst syndrome (chorioretinal infarction syndrome)

12. *Increased intracranial pressure

13. Infections, including chickenpox, measles, diphtheria, syphilis, scarlet fever, pertussis, smallpox, influenza, herpes zoster, botulism, sinusitis, and viral hepatitis

14. Lubarschâ??Pick syndrome (amyloidosis)

15. May be early lesion of acute or chronic ophthalmoplegia 16. Metastatic tumors of choroid

17. Nasopharyngeal carcinomaâ??early

18. Nothnagel syndrome (ophthalmoplegiaâ??cerebellar ataxia syndrome)

19. Partial seizures

20. Retrobulbar injections of alcohol

21. Transscleral diathermy

22. Trauma to eye or orbit

23. Vogtâ??Koyanagiâ??Harada syndrome (uveitisâ??vitiligoâ??alopeciaâ??poliosis syndrome)

Perlman JP, Conn H. Transient internal ophthalmoplegia during blepharoplasty: a report of three cases. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 1991;7:141â??143.Buy NowBibliographic Links

Rosenberg ML, Jabbari B. Miosis and internal ophthalmoplegia as a manifestation of partial seizures. Neurology 1991;41:737â??739.Bibliographic Links

Roy FH. Ocular syndromes and systemic diseases, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

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Lens

Anterior Subcapsular Cataract

1. Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans

2. Addison syndrome (adrenal cortical insufficiency)

3. Albinism

4. Allopurinol therapy

5. Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis)

6. Amiodarone usage

7. Andogsky syndrome (dermatogenous cataract)

8. Aniridia

9. Anterior chamber air

10. Atopic (eczema cataract)

11. Beesting of cornea

12. Cerebrohepatorenal syndrome (Smithâ??Lemliâ??Opitz syndrome)

13. Chlorpromazine therapy P.387

14. Chromosomal 3; 18 translocation

15. Comedo cataract

16. Coughing

17. Cryotherapy

18. Electric cataract

19. *Diabetes mellitus (Willis disease)

20. Facial paralysis (partial)

21. Frenkel syndrome (ocular contusion syndrome)

22. Goldscheider syndrome (epidermolysis bullosa)

23. Gyrate atrophy (ornithine ketoacid aminotransferase deficiency)

24. Head-banging (chronic)

25. Hemifacial microsomia syndrome (Françoisâ??Haustrate syndrome)

26. Hypermature cataract with other changes

27. Hypoparathyroidism

28. Idiopathicâ??10% of normal population

29. Intraocular copper and iron

30. Isotretinoin

31. Jadassohnâ??Lewandowsky syndrome (epidermolysis bullosa)

32. Leber congenital amaurosis

33. Marinescoâ??Sjögren syndrome (oligophrenia syndrome)

Anterior subcapsular cataract

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Nuclear Cataracts

1. Alcohol

2. Arteriovenous fistula

3. Associated with photocoagulation, such as argon laser use 4. Capsular exfoliation syndrome

5. Congenital dysplasia

6. Conradi syndrome (multiple epiphyseal congenital dysplasia)

7. Coppock cataract, discoid cataract, zonular cataractâ??autosomal dominant

8. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy

9. Maple-syrup urine disease (branched-chain ketoaciduria) 10. Matsouka syndrome (oculocerebroarticuloskeletal syndrome) 11. Micro syndrome

12. Nuclear diffuse nonprogressive cataractâ??autosomal dominant, rarely recessive

13. *Nuclear sclerosis

A.*Pars plana vitrectomy for macular pucker

B.Smoking

14. Nuclear total cataractâ??autosomal dominant, rarely recessive

15. Paradichlorobenzene (mothballs)

16. Perforating injuries

17. Roy syndrome IIâ??nuclear cataract associated with smoking

18. *Rubella syndrome (German measles)

19. Siemen syndrome (hereditary ectodermal dysplasia syndrome)

20. von Gierke disease (glucoseâ??phosphate deficiency)

Klein RE, et al. Cigarette smoking and lens opacitiesâ??the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Prev Med 1993;9:27â??30.Bibliographic Links

Leung ATS, et al. Chlorpromazine-induced refractile corneal deposits and cataract. Arch Opthalmol 1999;117:1662â??1663.Bibliographic Links

Roy FH. Ocular syndromes and systemic diseases, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.