Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Ocular Differential Diagnosis 7th edition_Roy_2002

2. Anemias of childhood (severe: Cooley, sickle cell, spherocytosis, iron deficiency) 3. Cerebral atrophy (childhood)

4. Craniostenosis P.41

5. Engelmann disease (hereditary diaphyseal dysplasia)

6. Hyperostosis frontalis interna

7. Idiopathic

8. Infantile cortical hyperostosis (Caffey disease)

9. Microcephaly

10. Myotonia atrophica (myotonic dystrophy, Curschmannâ??Steinert syndrome)

11. Osteopetrosis (Albersâ??Schönberg disease)

12. Paget disease (osteitis deformans)

13. Tumors of orbit, including osteoma, fibrous dysplasia (Albright syndrome), meningioma, metastatic neuroblastoma, mixed tumors of lacrimal gland, transitional cell carcinomas of the nasopharynx

Albert DM, Jakobiec FA. Principles and practice of ophthalmology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1994:1881â??2095.

Jacobs L, et al. Computerized tomography of the orbit and sella turcica. New York: Raven Press, 1980.

Teplick JG, Hoskin ME. Roentgenologic diagnosis, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1976.

Expansion of Optic Canal

1. Increased intracranial pressure

2. Inflammatory lesions

A.Chiasmatic arachnoiditis

B.Nonspecific granuloma

C.Sarcoid granuloma

D.Tuberculoma

3. Tumors

A.Meningioma

B.Metastatic sarcoma to choroid

C.Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen syndrome)

D.Optic nerve glioma

E.Retinoblastoma

4. Vascular lesions

A. Arteriovenous malformation

B. Ophthalmic artery aneurysm

Levin LA, Rubin PD. Advances in orbital imaging. Int Ophthalmol Clin 1992;32:1â??25.Buy NowBibliographic Links

Potter GD, Trakel SL. Optic canal. In: Newton TH, Potts DG, eds. Radiology of the skull and brain, Vol 1, Book 2. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1971.

Zizmor J. Orbital radiology in unilateral exophthalmos. In: Turtz AI, ed. Proceedings of the Centennial Symposium: Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, Vol I. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1969.

Small Optic Canals

1. Developmental abnormalities

A.Anophthalmos or microphthalmos

B.Enucleation

C.Craniosynostosis (CSO)

2. Dysostoses

A.Osteopetrosis (Albersâ??Schönberg syndrome)

B.Fibrous dysplasia (Albright syndrome)

C.Pyle disease (craniometaphyseal dysplasia syndrome)

D.Paget disease (osteitis deformans)

P.42

3. Inflammatory lesionsâ??osteitis

4. Tumorâ??meningioma

Albert DM, Jakobiec FA. Principles and practice of ophthalmology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1994:1881â??2095.

Potter GD, Trokel SL. Optic canal. In: Newton TH, Potts DG, eds. Radiology of the skull and brain, Vol 1, Book 2. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1971.

Erosion of Optic Canal

1. Lateral wall

A.Pituitary tumor

B.Aneurysm of internal carotid artery

C.Craniopharyngioma

D. Tumor of orbital apex 2. Medial wall

A.Carcinoma of sphenoid sinus

B.Mucocele of sphenoid sinus

C.Granuloma of sphenoid sinus

3. Roof

A.Tumor of anterior cranial fossa

B.Surgical unroofing

4. Decrease in length

A.Tumor of orbital apex 5. Complete destruction

A.Malignant tumor

B. Eosinophilic granuloma

Albert DM, Jakobiec FA. Principles and practice of ophthalmology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1994:1881â??2095.

Potter GD, Trakel SL. Optic canal. In: Newton TH, Potts DG, eds. Radiology of the skull and brain, Vol 1, Book 2. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1971.

Zizmor J. Orbital radiology in unilateral exophthalmos. In: Turtz AI, ed. Proceedings of the Centennial Symposium: Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, Vol I. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1969.

Enlargement of Superior Orbital Fissure

1. Carotid cavernous fistula

2. Chronic increased intracranial pressure

3. Extension of infraorbital mass into fissure

4. Intracavernous carotid aneurysm

5. Intracranial chordoma

6. Masses within middle fossa

7. Metastatic carcinoma to sphenoid wings

8. Nasopharyngeal carcinomaâ??rare

9. Neurofibromatosis including optic nerve glioma

10. Orbital dysplasia

11. Orbital varix

12. Pituitary neoplasmâ??changes in sella and clinoid process

13. Posterior orbital encephalocele

14. Sarcomas, neurilemoma, or other orbital malignancies

Albert DM, Jakobiec FA. Principles and practice of ophthalmology. Philadelphia: WB

Saunders, 1994:1881â??2095.

Grimson BS, Perry DD. Enlargement of the optic disk in childhood optic nerve tumors. Am J Ophthalmol 1984;97:627â??631.Bibliographic Links

P.43

Shields JA, et al. Orbital neurilemoma with extension through the superior orbital fissure. Arch Ophthalmol 1986;104:871â??873.Bibliographic Links

Narrowing of Superior Orbital Fissure

1. Chronic hemolytic anemias of childhood

2. Fibrous dysplasia (Albright syndrome)

3. Meningioma

4. Osteitis

5. Osteoblastoma

6. Osteoma

7. Osteopetrosis (Albersâ??Schönberg syndrome)

8. Paget disease (osteitis deformans)

Albert DM, Jakobiec FA. Principles and practice of ophthalmology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1994:1881â??2095.

Jacobs L, et al. Computerized tomography of the orbit and sella turcica. New York: Raven Press, 1980.

Kieffer SA. Superior orbital fissure. In: Newton TH, Potts DG, eds. Radiology of the skull and brain, Vol 1, Book 2. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1971.

Small Orbit

1. Anophthalmos

2. Enucleation

3. Microphthalmos

4. Mucocele

Kieffer SA. Orbit. In: Newton TH, Potts DG, eds. Radiology of the skull and brain, Vol 1, Book 2. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1971.

Sarnat BG. Eye and orbital size in the young and adult. Ophthalmologica 1982;185:74â??89.Bibliographic Links

Large Orbit

1. Congenital

A.Dysplasia

B.Glaucoma

C.Serous cysts

2. Pseudotumor

3. Tumors within the muscle cone

A.Hemangiomas

B.Neurofibroma

C.Optic glioma

D.Orbital varix

E.Retinoblastoma

Albert DM, Jakobiec FA. Principles and practice of ophthalmology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1994:1881â??2095.

Kieffer SA. Orbit. In: Newton TH, Potts DG, eds. Radiology of the skull and brain, Vol 1, Book 2. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1971.

Hematic Orbital Cysts (Blood Cyst of Orbit)

1. Blood dyscrasia

2. Cavernous hemangioma P.44

3. Childbirth

4. Lymphangioma

5. Orbital blunt trauma

6. Spontaneous hemorrhage

7. Vascular disease

Albert DM, Jakobiec FA. Principles and practice of ophthalmology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1994:1881â??2095.

Jacobson DM, et al. Maternal orbital hematoma associated with labor. Am J Ophthalmol 1988;105:547â??553.Bibliographic Links

Shapiro A, et al. A clinicopathologic study of hematic cysts of the orbit. Am J Ophthalmol 1986;102:237â??241.Bibliographic Links

2

Lids

P.46

Mongoloid Palpebral Fissure (Temporal Canthus Higher

Than Nasal Canthus)

1. Esotropia syndrome

2. Exotropia syndrome

3. Amniogenic band syndrome (Streeter dysplasia)

4. Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

5. Cebocephalia (fetalis hypoplastica)

6. Chondrodystrophia (Conradi syndrome)

7. Chromosome short-arm deletion

8. Congenital spherocytic anemia

9. Crouzon syndrome (hereditary craniofacial dysostosis)

10. Duplication 14Q syndrome

11. Femoral-facial syndrome

12. Fetal hydantoin syndrome

13. Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia syndrome (Siemen syndrome)

14. Jacobs syndrome (triple X syndrome)

15. Jarchoâ??Levin syndrome

16. Klinefelter XXY syndrome (gynecomastiaâ??aspermatogenesis syndrome)

17. Laurenceâ??Moonâ??Biedl syndrome (retinitis pigmentosaâ??polydactylâ??adiposogenital syndrome)

18. Meckel syndrome (dysencephaliaâ??splanchnocystic syndrome)

19. Millerâ??Dieker syndrome

20. *Mongoloid (trisomy or Down syndrome)

21. *Asian persons

22. Peters trisomy 5p (Peters anomaly)

23. Otopalataodigital syndrome

24. Pfeiffer syndrome

25. Pleonosteosis syndrome (Leri syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome)

26. Praderâ??Willi syndrome

27. Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata syndrome

28. Trisomy mosaic and 9psyndromes

29. Trisomy syndrome

30. Trisomy 6Q syndrome

31. Trisomy 9Q syndrome

32. Trisomy and 18q syndrome P.47

33. Trisomy 20p syndrome

34. XXXXX syndrome

35. XXXXY syndrome

36. 4psyndrome

37. 5psyndrome

Isenberg SJ. The eye in infancy. Chicago: Year Book Medical, 1989.

Roy FH. Ocular syndromes and systemic diseases, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

Antimongoloid Palpebral Fissure (Downward Displacement

of Temporal Canthus)

1. Aarskog syndrome (faciodigitogenital syndrome)

2. Acrocephalosyndactylia (Apert syndrome)

3. Esotropia and exotropia

4. Bird-headed dwarf syndrome (Seckel syndrome)

5. Baraitserâ??Winter syndrome

6. Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome

7. Cerebral gigantism (Sotos syndrome)

8. Cleft palate

9. Chromosome short-arm deletion

10. Cloverleaf cranium

11. Coffinâ??Lowry syndrome

12. Cohen syndrome

13. Congenital facial hemiatrophy (Möbius syndrome)

14. Craniocarpotarsal dysplasia (Freemanâ??Sheldon syndrome; whistling face syndrome)

15. Craniofacial dysostosis (Crouzon syndrome) 16. Cri-du-chat syndrome (Cry of the cat syndrome)

17. De Lange syndrome (congenital muscular hypertrophyâ??cerebral syndrome)

18. Di George syndrome

19. Epidermal nevus syndrome (ichthyosis hystrix)

20. Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome (LMPS)

21. Linear nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn (Jadassohn-type anetoderma)

22. Mandibulofacial dysostosis (Franceschetti syndrome and Treacherâ??Collins syndrome)

23. Marchesani syndrome (dystrophia mesodermalis congenita hyperplastica)

24. Maxillofacial dysostosis

25. Nager syndrome

26. Noonan syndrome (male Turner syndrome)

27. Obesityâ??cerebralâ??ocularâ??skeletal anomalies syndrome

28. Oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia (Goldenhar syndrome)

29. Oculomandibulofacial dyscephaly (Hallermannâ??Streiff syndrome)

30. Organoid nevus syndrome

31. Otopalatodigital syndrome (OPD)

32. Pyknodysostosis

33. Partial trisomy of long arm of chromosome 630. Pseudo-Ullrichâ??Turner syndrome 34. Ring D chromosome

35. Rubinsteinâ??Taybi syndrome (broad thumbs syndrome)

36. Ruvalcaba syndrome

37. Saethreâ??Chotzen syndrome

38. 3-P syndrome P.48

39. *Trauma

40. Trisomy 9p syndrome

41. Trisomy syndrome

42. Trisomy 17p syndrome

43. Trisomy 20P syndrome

44. Trisomy syndrome (E syndrome)

45. Turner syndrome (gonadal dysgenesis)

46. Wolf syndrome (chromosome partial deletion syndrome)

47. 4qsyndrome

48. 21q syndrome

49. 9p syndrome

Isenberg SJ. The eye in infancy. Chicago: Year Book Medical, 1989.

Roy FH. Ocular syndromes and systemic diseases, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

Pseudoptosis

Pseudoptosis includes conditions that simulate ptosis, but lid droop is not the result of levator malfunction, and ptosis is usually corrected when the causative factors are cleared up or removed.

1. Due to globe displacement

A.Anophthalmia including poorly fitting prosthesis

B.*Enophthalmos such as that resulting from blowout fracture of the floor of the orbit or atrophy of orbital fat

C.*Microphthalmia

D.*Phthisis bulbi

E.Hypotony and inward collapse of eye