Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Ocular Differential Diagnosis 7th edition_Roy_2002

Hansen AC. Norrie's disease. Am J Ophthalmol 1963;66:320â??332.

Persistent Pupillary Membrane

1. Fetal iritis

2. Hereditary

3. Physiologic

4. *Use of oxygen therapy in nursery for premature infants

Hornblass A. Persistent pupillary membrane and oxygen therapy in premature infants. Ann Ophthalmol 1971;3:95â??99.Bibliographic Links

Decentered Pupillary Light Reflex

1. Positive angle kappaâ??pseudoexotropia

2. Negative angle kappaâ??pseudoesotropia

3. *Eccentric fixationâ??deep unilateral amblyopia

4. *Ectopic maculaâ??macular displacement by retinal scarring or strands, such as retrolental fibroplasia

5. Ectopic pupil

Beyer-Machule C, von Noorden GK. Atlas of ophthalmic surgery, Vol 1: Lids, orbits, extraocular muscles. New York: Thieme Medical, 1984.

Pupillary Block Following Cataract Extraction

1. Air pupillary block

2. Dense, impermeable anterior hyaloid membrane

3. Free vitreous block P.362

4. Intraocular lens effectively closing off pupil and iridectomies 5. Leaky wound

6. Nonperforating iridectomy

7. Posterior vitreous detachment associated with pooling or retrovitreal aqueous 8. Postoperative iridocyclitis

9. Subchoroidal hemorrhage

10. Swollen lens material behind the iris

Tomey KF, Traverso CE. Neodymium-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy for the treatment of aphakic and pseudophakic pupillary block. Am J Ophthalmol

1987;104:502â??507.Bibliographic Links

Afferent Pupillary Defect

The pupil of the eye has diminished vision from disease of the retina or optic nerve and will fail to react directly to light but will constrict consensually when the healthy eye is stimulated.

1. Amblyopia (rare)

2. Branch retinal artery/vein occlusion

3. Central retinal artery/vein occlusion

4. Compressive optic neuropathy

A.Cavernous hemangiomas

B.Cystic tumors

1. Cholesterol granuloma

2. Conjunctival orbital cysts

3. Dermoid cysts

4. Mucoceles

C.Inflammatory and infiltrative processes

D.Optic nerve tumors

1. Optic nerve gliomas

2. Optic nerve meningiomas

E.Primary malignancies

F.Sarcoidosis

G.Solid orbital tumors

1. Hemangiomas

2. Meningiomas

3. Schwannoma

H.Thyroid ophthalmopathy

I.Trauma

5. Diabetic retinopathy (severe)

6. Hyphema

7. Macular degeneration (rarely)

8. Neovascular glaucoma

9. *Optic neuritis

10. *Optic nerve lesion

11. Radiation

12. Reticulum cell sarcoma

13. Retinal detachment

14. Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis

15. Traumatic optic neuropathy and retinopathy

16. Unilateral optic nerve hypoplasia

P.363

Browning DJ, Tiedeman JS. The test light affects quantitation of the afferent pupillary defect. Ophthalmology 1987;94:53â??55.Bibliographic Links

Burde RM, et al. Clinical decisions in neuro-ophthalmology, 2nd ed. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1991.

Enyedi LB, et al. A comparison of the Marcus Gunn and alternating light tests for afferent pupillary defects. Ophthalmology 1998;105:871â??873.Bibliographic Links

Girkin CA, et al. A relative afferent pupillary defect without any visual sensory deficit. Arch Ophthalmol 1998;1544â??1547.

12

Iris

Aniridia (Absence of IRIS, Partial or Complete)

1. AGR triadâ??sporadic (bilateral or unilateral) aniridia, genitourinary abnormalities, and mental retardation

2. Associated ocular findings

A.Cataracts

B.Corneal dystrophy

C.Ectopia lentis

D.Glaucoma

E.*Macular aplasiaâ??autosomal dominant

F.Microcornea and subluxated lenses

G.Nystagmus

H.Optic nerve hypoplasia

I.Photophobia

J.Poor foveal reflex

K.*Strabismus

P.365

3. Associated with autosomal-recessive inheritance with fully developed macula 4. Associated with unilateral renal agenesis and psychomotor retardation

5. Beckwithâ??Wiedemann syndrome

6. Deletion of short arm of 11th chromosome

7. Gillespie syndrome (incomplete aniridia, cerebellar ataxia, and oligophrenia) 8. Homocystinuria syndrome

9. Marinescoâ??Sjögren syndrome (congenital spinocerebellar ataxia)

10. Miller syndrome (Wilms aniridia syndrome)

11. Partial trisomy 2q

12. Peters syndrome (oculodental syndrome)

13. Rieger syndrome (dysgenesis mesostromalis)

14. Ring chromosome 6

15. Scaphocephaly syndrome

16. Siemens syndrome (anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia)

17. *Traumatic

18. Ullrich syndrome (dyscraniopylophalangy)

Nelson IB, et al. Aniridia: a review. Surv Ophthalmol 1984;28:621â??642.Bibliographic Links

Pearce WG. Variability of iris defects in autosomal dominant aniridia. Can J Ophthalmol 1994;29:25â??29.Bibliographic Links

Roy FH. Ocular syndromes and systemic diseases, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

Coloboma of IRIS

This condition involves failure of fusions of fetal fissure in optic vesicle, usually inferior or inferonasal.

1. Acrorenoocular syndrome

2. Aicardi syndrome

3. Aniridia

4. Biemond syndrome

5. Cat eye syndrome (partial G-trisomy syndrome)

6. CHARGE association (coloboma, heart anomaly, choanal atresia, retardation, genital, and ear anomalies)

7. Chromosome partial short-arm deletion syndrome

8. Ellisâ??van Creveld syndrome (chondroectodermal dysplasia)

9. Epidermal nevus syndrome (ichthyosis hystrix)

10. Focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome (Goltz syndrome)

11. Hallermannâ??Streiffâ??François syndrome (dyscephalic mandibulooculofacial syndrome)

12. Hemifacial microsoma syndrome (otomandibular dysostosis)

13. *Hereditary usually dominant may be recessive

14. Hurler syndrome (mucopolysaccharidoses I)

15. Hyperchromic heterochromia

16. Jeune disease (asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy)

17. Joubert syndrome

18. Kartagener syndrome

19. Klinefelter syndrome

20. Klippelâ??Trenaunayâ??Weber syndrome (angioosteohypertrophy syndrome)

21. Langerâ??Giedion syndrome

22. Lanzieri syndrome P.366

23. Laurenceâ??Moonâ??Bardetâ??Biedl syndrome (retinitis pigmentosapolydactylyâ??adiposogenital syndrome)

24. *Marfan syndrome (dolichostenomeliaâ??arachnodactylyâ??hyperchondroplasia-dystrophia mesodermalis congenita)

25. Maternal use of thalidomide

26. Maternal vitamin A deficiency

27. Meckel syndrome

28. Median facial cleft syndrome

29. Microphthalmos syndrome (Meyerâ??Schwickerath and Weyers syndrome)

30. Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome

31. Nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn (linear sebaceous nevus syndrome of Jadassohn) 32. Obesityâ??cerebralâ??ocularâ??skeletal anomalies syndrome

33. Oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia syndrome

34. Organoid nevus syndrome

35. Otomandibular dysostosis (hemifacial microsomia syndrome)

36. Partial deletion of group D chromosome

37. Rieger syndrome (dysgenesis mesodermalis corneae et irides)

38. Retinal dysplasia

39. Rubinsteinâ??Taybi syndrome (broad-thumbs syndrome)

40. *Sporadic

41. Treacher Collins syndrome (Franceschetti syndrome)

42. Trisomy 13 (D trisomy) (Patau syndrome)

43. Trisomy 17 syndrome (Edwards syndrome)

44. Turner syndrome

45. Warburg syndrome

46. White sponge nevus

47. Wolf syndrome (monosomy partial syndrome)

48. 11q syndrome

49. 13q syndrome

50. 13r syndrome

51. 18q syndrome

52. 18r syndrome

53. XYY syndrome

Isenberg SJ. The eye in infancy. Chicago: Year Book Medical, 1989.

Roy FH. Ocular syndromes and systemic diseases, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

Rubeosis Iridis (Neovascularization [Newly Formed Blood Vessels] on the IRIS)

1. Proximal vascular disease

A.Aortic arch syndrome (pulseless disease; Takayasu syndrome)

B.Carotidâ??cavernous fistula (carotid artery syndrome)

& Wilkins, 2002.

Ulbig MR, et al. Anterior hyaloidal fibrovascular proliferation after extracapsular cataract extraction in diabetic eye. Am J Ophthalmol 1993;115:321â??326.Bibliographic Links

Hyperemia of IRIS (Dilatation of Preexisting Vessels of the

IRIS)

1. Corneal ulcer

2. Foreign body on the cornea

3. Injury, intraocular

4. *Iridocyclitis

5. *Iritis

6. Scleritis

7. *Uveitis

O'Brien CS. Ophthalmology: notes for students. Iowa City: Athens Press, 1930.

P.368

Heterochromia (Difference of Color Between Two Irides)

1. Hypochromic heterochromiaâ??abnormal eye with iris of lighter color than that of the fellow eye

A.Anemia with unilateral iritis

B.Chédiakâ??Higashi syndrome (anomalous leukocytic inclusions with constitutional stigmata)

C.*Congenital, sporadic, or familial

D.Conradi syndrome (epiphyseal congenital dysplasia)

E.Fuchs syndrome (I) (heterochromic cyclitis syndrome)

F.Gansslen syndrome (familial hemolytic icterus)

G.Glaucomatocyclitic crisis (Posnerâ??Schlossman syndrome)

H.*Horner syndrome (cervical sympathetic paralysis syndrome)

I.Hypomelanosis of Ito syndrome (incontinentia pigmenti achromiens)

J.Infiltration of nonpigmented tumor into iris

K.*Iris atrophy (diffuse and unilateral), including that caused by trauma, inflammation, or senility

L.Iris coloboma

M.Parryâ??Romberg syndrome (facial hemiatrophy)

N.Status dysraphicus syndrome (Bremer syndrome)

Ophthalmol 2001;119:191â??194.Bibliographic Links

Roy FH. Ocular syndromes and systemic diseases, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

P.370

P.371

P.372

Diagnostic tables

Hyperchromic heterochromia (abnormal eye with iris of darker color than fellow eye)

View Table