Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Ocular Differential Diagnosis 7th edition_Roy_2002

9. Following refractive surgery

10. Pseudohypopyon

A.Ghost cell glaucoma with khaki-colored cells

B.Accidental intraocular steroid injection

11. Acute angle-closure glaucoma

12. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

13. Pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil injection

Fraunfelder FT, Fraunfelder FW. Drug-induced ocular side effects. Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001.

Gabler B, Lohmann CP. Hypopyon after repeated transplantation of human amniotic membrane onto the corneal surface. Ophthalmology 2000;107:1344â??1346.Bibliographic Links

Pau H. Differential diagnosis of eye diseases, 2nd ed. New York: Thieme Medical, 1988.

Recchia FM, et al. Endophthalmitis after pediatric strabismus surgery. Arch Ophthalmol 2000;118:939â??944.Bibliographic Links

Roy FH. Ocular syndromes and systemic diseases, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

Saran BR, et al. Hypopyon uveitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated for systemic Mycobacterium avium complex infection with rifabutin. Arch Ophthalmol 1994;112;1159â??1161.

Hyphema (Bleeding into the Anterior Chamber)

1. Trauma

A.Following laser iridectomy or strabismus surgery in aphakia

B.Honan balloon use in Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis

C.*Tear of ciliary bodyâ??post contusion deformity of anterior chamber

D.*To ciliary body, such as cyclodialysis

E.To iris, such as in iridodialysis or intraocular lens irritation

F.After airbag inflation

G.Metallic intraocular foreign body during magnetic resonance imaging

2. Overdistention of vessels

A.Obstruction of central retinal vein

B.Sudden lowering of high intraocular pressure

3. Fragility of vessel walls

A.Acute gonorrheal iridocyclitis P.332

B.Acute herpes iridocyclitis

C.Acute rheumatoid iridocyclitis

D.Ankylosing spondylitis

4. Blood abnormality

A.Anemias

B.Association with use of aspirin

C.Hemophilia

D.Leukemia

E.Purpura

F.Sickle cell disease

5. Metabolic disease

A.Diabetes mellitus (Willis disease)

B.Scurvy (avitaminosis C)

6. Neovascularization of iris (see rubeosis iridis, p. 366â??367)

7. Vascularized tumors of iris (see pigmented and nonpigmented iris lesions, p. 374â??375)

A.Angioma

B.Iris vascular tufts

C.*Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG)

D.Lymphosarcoma

E.Retinoblastoma

8. Wound vascularization following cataract extraction

9. Persistent pupillary membrane hemorrhage

Dahlmann AH, et al. Spontaneous hyphema secondary to iris vascular tufts. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:1728â??1729.Bibliographic Links

Gottsch JD. Hyphema: diagnosis and management. Retina 1990;10:65â??72.

Keszel VA, Helveston EM. Hyphema as a complication of strabismus: surgery in an aphakic eye. Arch Ophthalmol 1986;104:637â??638.Bibliographic Links

Roy FH. Ocular syndromes and systemic diseases, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

Ta CN, Bowman RW. Hyphema caused by a metallic intraocular foreign body during magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129:533â??534.Bibliographic Links

Spontaneous Hyphema

1. Delayed following glaucoma surgery

2. Diseases of blood or blood vessels

A.Hemophilia

B.Leukemia

C.Malignant lymphoma

D.Purpura

E.Scurvy

3. Fibrovascular membranes in retrolenticular or zonular area

A.Persistent primary vitreous

B.Retinoschisis

C.Retinopathy of prematurity

4. Systemic hypertension

5. Hydrophthalmos

6. Iatrogenic

7. Intraocular neoplasms

8. *JXGâ??yellow nodules of skin and iris

9. Malignant exophthalmos P.333

10. Microbial keratitis, especially Moraxella

11. Occult trauma or trauma with late effect

12. *Rubeosis iridis

closure)

2. Grade 1: Unable to see posterior one half of trabecular meshworkâ??extremely narrow angle (probably capable of angle closure)

3. Grade 2: Part of Schlemm canal is visibleâ??moderately narrow angle (may be capable of angle closure)

4. Grade 3: Posterior portion of Schlemm canal is visibleâ??moderately open angle (incapable of angle closure)

5. Grade 4: Ciliary body is visibleâ??open angle (incapable of angle closure)

Epstein DL. Chandler and Grant's glaucoma, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1986.

Shields MB. Textbook of glaucoma, 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1986.

Blood in Schlemm Canal (Reversal of Normal Pressure

Gradient)

1. *Artifact of goniolens flange occluding the episcleral veins in one or more quadrants 2. High episcleral venous pressure

A.*Carotidâ??cavernous sinus fistula (Red-eyed shunt syndrome)

B.*Duralâ??cavernous fistula

C.Mediastinal tumors

D.Orbital arteriovenous fistula

E.Sturgeâ??Weber syndrome (meningocutaneous syndrome)

F.Superior vena cava obstruction (superior vena cava syndrome)

G.Tetralogy of Fallot

3. Low intraocular pressure

A.Following trabeculectomy

B.Hypotony (see p. 325)

C.Intraocular inflammation

4. Normal eye

P.340

Namba H. Blood reflux into anterior chamber after trabeculectomy. Jpn J Ophthalmol 1983;27:616â??625.Bibliographic Links

Phelps CD, et al. Arterial anastomosis with Schlemm's canal. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1985;83:304â??315.Full TextBibliographic Links

17. Diffuse ciliary body or iris tumor

Fraunfelder FT, Fraunfelder FW. Drug-induced ocular side effects. Woburn, MA:

Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001.

Newell FW. Ophthalmology: principles and concepts, 7th ed. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1991.

Taylor BC, Winslow RL. Pseudophakic flat anterior chamber following retinal detachment repair. Ophthalmology 1981;88:935.Bibliographic Links

Irregular Depth of the Anterior Chamber

1. Partial dislocation of lens

2. Tumor of iris or ciliary body

3. Peripheral anterior synechiae on one side of the chamber (see p. 341) 4. Iris bombe or pupillary block

5. Ruptured lens capsule with swelling on one side 6. Anatomic narrowing superiorly

7. Subacute angle-closure glaucoma

8. Cyclodialysis and traumatic recession of chamber angle

Epstein DL. Chandler and Grant's glaucoma, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1986.