Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Ocular Differential Diagnosis 7th edition_Roy_2002

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Author

Frederick Hampton Roy M.D., F.A.C.S.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas Medical Center, Little Rock,

Arkansas, Baptist Medical Center, St. Vincent Infirmary, Arkansas Children's Hospital,

Little Rock Surgery Center, Little Rock, Arkansas

Secondary Editors

Jonathan Pine

Acquisitions Editor

Selina M. Bush

Developmental Editor

Thomas Boyce

Production Editor

Timothy Reynolds

Manufacturing Manager

Christine Jenny

Cover Designer

Maryland Composition

Compositor

Victor Graphics

Printer

Dedication

To Mary Michelle

To my children:

Nichols, Robert, Kimberly, Frederick, Jr., Charles, and Helena

To Dr. Arlington Krause,

molder and questioner in my early formative academic life To Dr. Philip Lewis and Dr. Roger Hiatt

for guidance and direction

Preface

The first edition of Ocular Differential Diagnosis was published in 1972, and various editions have been translated in Spanish, Turkish, Chinese, Portuguese, and Italian. All previous editions have been my work. Dr. Gonzolo Murillo of La Paz, Bolivia, helped in edition four and five with the diagnostic decision tables. In edition six, section editors helped to standardize the language and made helpful suggestions. I feel this is the best edition of Ocular Differential Diagnosis thus far. This text would not have been possible without the superb efforts of Renee Tindall, Dr. Fernando Murillo, Angie Brown, and Dr. Kae Chatman.

The Ocular Differential Diagnosis book provides comprehensive lists of causes for symptoms or findings. Frequently more information is needed and hopefully Ocular Syndromes and Systemic Diseases will furnish additional information to make a better diagnosis. I hope the ophthalmologist and optometrist using this book will bring any errors in this edition to my attention.

Frederick Hampton Roy M.D.

Little Rock, Arkansas

How To Use This Book

This book can be used easily and quickly by following the directions presented below.

1. If the sign or symptom relates to a particular region of the eye, turn to the table of contents preceding this page to find the number of the page on which listings of the signs and symptoms pertaining to the specific region begins. This latter page (or those immediately following) will refer the user to that (or those) on which the various causes of the condition are listed. For example, let us assume that the patient has pigmentation of the cornea. The table of contents on page vii shows that the cornea section begins on page 241. Turning to page 241 the user finds references to page 248 on which the causes of corneal pigmentation are listed according to type. In the subject index, this topic is listed as Cornea, pigmentation of, 248.

2. If the symptom, such as binocular diplopia or night blindness, does not relate to a particular region of the eye, look for it either in the subject index at the back of the book or under General Signs and Symptoms beginning on page 619.

Various features of a disease may be crosschecked. For instance, a â??pulsating exophthalmos with orbital bruit and conjunctival edemaâ? may be sought under orbit, page 3, where the user of the book is referred to exophthalmos, page 4, and orbital bruit, page 31, and under conjunctiva, page 183, where the user is referred to conjunctival edema, page 202. The terms â??exophthalmos,â? â??orbital bruitâ? (under orbit, bruit of) and â??conjunctival edemaâ? (under conjunctiva, edema of) may also be found in the subject index. Terms such as â??secondary glaucomaâ? are indexed under the noun, e.g., glaucoma, secondary.

3. Following some of the differential diagnosis lists are diagnostic decision tables. These tables list the history, physical signs, and laboratory tests that differentiate each possible diagnosis. These can be identified in the subject index because they are followed by a t.

2. Inflammation

A.Acuteâ??orbital cellulitis

B.Acute suppurativeâ??mucormycosis (diabetic or debility)

C.Allergic fungal sinusitis

D.Benign lymphoepithelial lesion (Mikulicz disease)

E.*Chronic (nongranulomatousâ??pseudotumor)

F.Chronic (granulomatousâ??tuberculosis, sarcoid (Schaumann syndrome), syphilis (lues), parasites, aspergillosis)

G.Relapsing polychondritis

3. Injuries

A.Foreign body

B.Orbital hemorrhage

C.Orbital roof fracture

D.Secondary carotid cavernous sinus fistula

E.Thermal burns

P.5

4. Systemic disease

A.Acute intracranial hypertension

B.Amyloidosis (Lubarschâ??Pick syndrome)

C.Chloroma

D.Cretinism (hypothyroidism)

E.Hydrocephalus and ventriculoperitoneal syndrome

F.Hypervitaminosis A

G.Hypophosphatasia (phosphoethanolaminuria)

H.*Thyroid disorder

I.Myasthenia gravis (Erbâ??Goldflam syndrome)

J.Obesity

5. Tumors

A.Cartilaginous tumors

1. Cartilaginous hamartoma

2. Chondroma

3. Chondrosarcoma

4. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma

B.Cystic lesions

1. Colobomatous cyst

2. Dermoid cyst

3. Hematocele

4. Hydatid cyst

5. Meningocele and meningoencephalocele

6. Mucocele

7. Optic nerve sheath cyst

8. Simple epithelial cyst

9. Teratoma

C.Fibrocytic tumors

1. Fibroma

2. Fibrosarcoma

3. Fibrous histiocytoma

4. Juvenile fibromatosis

5. Nodular fasciitis

D.Histiocytic lesions 1. Others

a.Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG, nevoxanthoendothelioma)

b.Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy

2. Systemic histiocytoses (histiocytosis X) (Handâ??Schüllerâ??Christian disease)

E.Inflammatory pseudotumor of orbit

1. Ectopic cerebellar tissue in orbit

2. Local, such as fungus or foreign body

3. Systemic such as sarcoidosis syndrome (Schaumann syndrome) or collagen disease

4. Unknown cause

F.Lacrimal gland (fossa) lesions 1. Epithelial tumors

a. Adenoid cystic carcinoma

b.Mucoepidermoid carcinoma P.6

c.Pleomorphic adenocarcinoma (malignant mixed tumor)

d.Pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumor)

2. Nonepithelial lesions

a.Infectious

b.Inflammatory

c.Lymphoid and leukemia

d.Systemic (sarcoid)

G.Lipocytic and myxoid tumors

1. Lipoma

2. Liposarcoma

3. Myxoid liposarcoma

4. Myxoma

H.Lymphoid tumors and leukemias (excluding lacrimal gland lesions) 1. Benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia

2. Burkitt lymphoma

3. Lymphoblastic leukemia

4. Myelogenous leukemia (granulocytic sarcoma)

5. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

I.Metastatic tumors of the orbit 1. Malignant melanoma of skin 2. Neuroblastoma (child)

3. Other sites such as Ewing sarcoma

4. Primary in breast (adult female)

5. Primary in lung (adult male)

6. Primary in prostate (adult male)

J.Nonepithelial lesions

1. Benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia

2. Inflammatory pseudotumors (dacryoadenitis)

3. Lymphoma

4. Plasmacytoma

K.Optic nerve and meningeal tumors

1. Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (optic nerve glioma)

2. Meningioma

a.Primary optic nerve sheath

b.Secondary

3. Malignant optic nerve glioma

L.Osseous and fibroosseous tumors

1. Aneurysmal bone cyst

2. Benign osteoblastoma

3. Brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism

4. Fibrous dysplasia (Albright syndrome)

5. Giant cell granuloma

6. Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma)

7. Infantile cortical hyperostosis

8. Ossifying fibroma

9. Osteoma

10. Osteosarcoma

M.Peripheral nerve tumors

1. Alveolar soft-part sarcoma P.7

2. Amputation neuroma

3. Granular cell myoblastoma

4. Neurilemoma

a.Benign

b.Malignant

5. Neurofibroma

a.Plexiform

b.Solitary

6. Paraganglioma (chemodectoma)

N.Primary melanocytic tumors

1. Blue nevus

2. Melanocytic hamartoma

3. Melanotic progonoma (retinal tumor)

4. Primary orbital melanoma

O.Rhabdomyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma

1. Rhabdomyoma

2. Rhabdomyosarcoma

P.Secondary orbital tumors from adjacent structures 1. Conjunctival origin

a.Melanoma

b.Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

c.Squamous cell carcinoma

2. Eyelid origin

a.Basal cell carcinoma

b.Melanoma

c.Sebaceous carcinoma

d.Squamous cell carcinoma

3. Intracranial origin

a.Astrocytoma

b.Meningioma

4. Intraocular origin