Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Ocular Pathology_6th edition_Yanoff, Sassani_2009

of the eyelid see blepharitis

incontinentia pigmenti, 756

80, 94

EDICT syndrome, 264

vernal keratoconjunctivitis, 234

ciliary body and choroid malignant

Edward’s syndrome, 39

ephelis (freckle)

melanoma, 709, 710, 711, 712

Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, 179–180

conjunctiva, 676

subacute inflammation, 7

elastofibroma, 553

eyelid, 667

epithelioid hemangioma, 572–573

elastogenesis, pinguecula, 238

iris, 693, 694

epithelioma adenoides cysticum, 202–203,

elastotic degeneration, 279–282

epibulbar dermoids, 265–266

204

electrical injuries, 152–153

epibulbar osseous choristoma, 240–241,

epithelium, pigment see iris, pigment

electromagnetic (radiation) injuries, 152, 155–

318–319

epithelium; retinal pigment

156, 368, 436

epicanthus, 170

epithelium (RPE)

Elschnig’s pearls, 117, 118

epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKS), 266

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), 63–64

Elschnig’s spots, 410

epidermal appendages, tumors of, 201–208

natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma,

emboli, retinal, 153, 154, 401–402

epidermal cell nevus, 190

184–185, 249

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, 555–556

epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR),

equatorial choroiditis (paving stone

embryotoxon

715

degeneration), 422–423, 467

anterior, 259

epidermal inclusion cysts, 188–189

Erdheim–Chester disease, 186

posterior (Axenfeld’s anomaly), 262, 263

epidermoid cysts, 188, 534

erosive vitreoretinopathy, 491–492

emigration, 3

orbit, 540, 542

erysipelas, 174

emperipolesis, 3

epidermolysis bullosa, 182

erythema multiforme, 181

encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis, 169

epikeratophakia, 131

erythrocytes, 3

encephalomyelitis optica, 510–511

epinephrine, pigmentation, 235–236

vitreous opacities, 486, 492, 493

encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, 30–31

episcleral osseocartilaginous choristoma,

essential iris atrophy, 641, 644

enchondroma, 557

318–319

essential shrinkage of conjunctiva, 229–230

endodermal sinus tumor, 564

episcleral osseous choristoma, 240–241,

esterases, 353

endogenous endophthalmitis, 756–757

318–319

Ewing’s sarcoma, 560–561

see also Behçet’s disease

episcleritis, 315

exfoliation (pseudoexfoliation; PEX)

endophthalmitis

epitarsus, 225

syndrome, 368–373

bacterial, 113, 121, 126

epithelial atrophy, lens, 374

exophthalmos, 529–531, 536

end stage of purulent, 70, 71

epithelial basement membrane dystrophy,

cavernous hemangioma, 544, 546

fungal, 87, 121, 122, 125, 127

286–289

Graves’ disease, 536–538

after intraocular surgery, 113, 114,

epithelial cysts

inflammatory pseudotumor, 572

121–122

conjunctival, 241, 540–542

leukemia, 581, 582

nongranulomatous inflammation

orbit, 541, 564–565

multiple myeloma, 583

nonsuppurative, 61, 62, 63

postoperative, 129

orbital mucocele, 584

suppurative, 57, 58, 59–60, 61

uveal, 340–341, 342, 419

retinoblastoma, 737, 738

phacoanaphylactic, 14, 73–74, 75–76, 122,

epithelial degeneration, lens, 374

exotropia, 128

129, 130, 384

epithelial degenerations, cornea, 274–276

exposure keratopathy, 276

pseudogliomas, 751, 756–757

epithelial downgrowth, after surgery,

expulsive choroidal hemorrhage, 106, 108,

after retinal detachment surgery, 125, 126,

119–120

126, 366, 655, 656

127

epithelial dystrophies, cornea, 285, 286–289

extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, 134

viral, 121–122

epithelial keratitis, 266

extranodal marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma

endothelium, corneal, 257

epithelial membrane antigen, 19

of mucosa-associated lymphoid

diabetes mellitus, 598–599

epithelial migration, lens, 373–374

tissue (MALT), 248, 576,

dystrophies, 285, 305–309

epithelial proliferation, lens, 373–374

577

rupture of Descemet’s membrane, 135

epithelial tumors

exudate, 5, 7, 59

traumatic rings, 134–135

eyelid

exudative ARMD, 426, 427, 430–432

entropion

benign, 190–196

exudative central detachment of the retina–

congenital, 170

cancerous, 197–201

macular pseudocysts (Best’s

senile, 172–173

precancerous, 196–197

disease), 442, 443

enucleation

lacrimal drainage system, 211–212, 564

exudative foveal dystrophy (Best’s disease),

causes, 105, 106

papilloma see papilloma

442, 443

choroidal melanoma classification,

uveal, 349–350

exudative macular degeneration secondary to

715–716

see also specific carcinomas

focal choroiditis, 433–434

retinoblastoma, 745, 746

epitheliitis, 416

exudative retinal detachment, Coats’ disease,

sympathetic uveitis, 73, 74, 75

epithelioid cell nevus, 680

752–754

eosinophilic cystadenoma (oncocytoma), 207,

epithelioid cells

exudative retinitis, 757

243, 244

chronic granulomatous inflammation, 12

exudative retinopathy, 412, 607–610,

eosinophilic granuloma of bone, 568, 569

Dalen–Fuchs nodules, 74–75, 95

611–612

170–171

corneal thickness, 257, 628

Leber’s congenital amaurosis, 400

diabetes mellitus, 601, 620

Lowe’s syndrome, 367

epidemiology, 629

lymphoma, 248, 575, 579, 580, 581

genetics, 372, 627–628, 629, 631, 634,

malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors,

636–638, 639, 658

560

hemolytic (ghost-cell), 647, 648–649

Meesmann’s dystrophy, 286

hypersecretion, 629

microcornea, 257

after intraocular inflammation, 70, 645

microphthalmos with cyst, 532

intraocular pressure, 628–629, 635, 636,

multiple endocrine neoplasia, 34

654–660

Norrie’s disease, 754, 755

after intraocular surgery, 109–111,

optic atrophies, 501–502

118–120

optic nerve coloboma, 503

lens, 634, 635, 636, 647, 657

p53 abnormalities, 22–23, 560

malignant, 635

persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous,

neovascular, 408, 601

747

nonsurgical trauma-related, 139, 140, 141,

Peters’ anomaly, 261, 631

384–385, 647, 652

pseudoexfoliation syndrome, 372

normal anatomy, 625–627

retinal dystrophies

normal outflow, 629

cone–rod, 444

normal-tension, 628, 629, 638

juvenile retinoschisis, 438, 439, 440

optic nerve, 620, 628, 636, 638, 658–660

North Carolina macular, 443

phacolytic, 76, 384–385

patterned of the RPE, 448

pigmentary, 647–650, 651

retinitis pigmentosa, 445

primary closed-angle, 629, 633–636

Sorsby fundus, 450

primary open-angle (POAG), 407, 628,

Stargardt’s disease, 440, 441

629, 633, 636–639

retinoblastoma, 734–736, 745, 746

pseudoexfoliation-associated, 370–372

vitreoretinopathies, 491

pseudophakic, 109, 111, 118–120

geographic atrophy, 429–430

pupillary block, 109, 111, 140, 141, 384,

geographic choroiditis, 347–348

387

geographic–dot–fingerprint corneal dystrophy,

retinal changes, 657–658

286–289

after retinal detachment surgery, 125, 126,

geographic helicoid peripapillary

128

choroidopathy, 347–348

retinal vein occlusion, 407

gerontoxon, 276–277

scleral changes, 657

ghost-cell (hemolytic) glaucoma, 647,

secondary closed-angle, 639–645

648–649

secondary open-angle, 76, 384–385,

giant cell angiofibroma, 554

645–653

giant cells, 7, 12, 13–14

spherophakia, 387

juvenile xanthogranuloma, 14, 344

surgery to control see glaucoma surgery

optic neuritis, 507–509, 513

complications

Takayasu’s disease, 402

suspect, 629

giant papillary conjunctivitis, 234

uveal melanoma, 644, 645, 646–647, 650–

glass foreign bodies, 147

652, 653, 706

glaucoma, 625–660

glaucoma surgery complications, 133

anterior chamber angle, 136–137, 630,

choroidal detachment, 109

637, 638–639, 654–655

failure of filtration, 123

aphakic, 118–120, 655

malignant glaucoma, 635

bimatoprost treatment, 188

stripping of Descemet’s membrane, 106,

ciliary body, 645–647, 657

108

Coats’ disease, 753

glaucomatocyclitic crisis, 645–647

as complication of cataracts, 384–385

glaukomflecken, 374, 635, 636

congenital, 629–633

glial fibrillary acidic protein, 19

Lowe’s syndrome, 367–368

glioblastoma multiforme, 518

meningocutaneous angiomatosis, 30

glioma

rubella, 43

neural retina, 462, 757

congenital oculodermal melanocytosis,

optic nerve, 514–518, 519

671

glioneuroma, 689, 690

617

(posterior polymorphous

291, 292–293, 295

Gruber’s syndrome, 50, 51

dystrophy), 307, 640

hordeola, 174

guinea worm, 92

hereditary endothelial dystrophy, congenital

horn cysts, 202, 203, 204

gunshot injury, 148

(CHED), 297, 308–309, 631

horseshoe retinal tears, 462, 464

gutatte choroiditis, 442

hereditary fleck dystrophy, 241–242

Hudson–Stähli line, 310

gutter degeneration, 278–279

hereditary hamartoma, disseminated see

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 21,

gyrate atrophy of the choroid, 348

phakomatoses

245

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 225

human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex,

hereditary lymphedema, late-onset, 170–171,

2–3, 17

Haab’s striae, 307, 632, 633

225

Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome, 98

hair follicles, tumors of or resembling,

hereditary macular dystrophy, 450

human papilloma virus (HPV), 199, 211

202–205

hereditary olivopontocerebellar degeneration,

conjunctival papilloma, 243

see also eyelash anomalies

447

humoral immunity, 16, 18, 19

Hallervorden–Spatz syndrome, 447

hereditary pigmented paravenous

Hunter’s syndrome, 300

Hallgren’s syndrome, 447

chorioretinal atrophy, 448

Hurler’s syndrome, 300, 308

hamartoma, 29, 169

hereditary retinal dystrophies, 437–457

Hurler–Scheie compound, 300

congenital sebaceous gland hyperplasia,

herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Hutchinson–Tay choroiditis, 442

201

central corneal ulcers, 270–271, 272

Hutchison’s freckle (lentigo maligna),

disseminated hereditary see phakomatoses

nonsuppurative nongranulomatous

668–669, 673

optic nerve, 520

chronic uveitis, 62–63

hyaline degeneration, 23

orbit, 541, 543–546, 547

retinitis, 416, 418

hyaline dystrophies, 442

retinal pigment epithelium, 685–686, 690

stromal keratitis, 267

hyaline fibromatosis, 169

Hamazaki–Wesenberg bodies, 94

vesicular lesions, 176–177

hyaloid vessel remnants, 481–482, 483, 484,

Hand–Schüller–Christian disease, 568, 569

herpes zoster, 78–79, 176–177

748

Hansen’s disease (leprosy), 81–82

dendritic keratitis, 270

hydatid cysts, 92

Harada’s disease, 97–98

herpes zoster ophthalmicus, 78, 79

hydrocystoma, 189, 191

hemangioendothelioma, 544, 545

herpesviruses

hydropic degeneration, 23

malignant see hemangiosarcoma

Kaposi’s sarcoma, 549

hydrops

hemangioma

see also cytomegalovirus; Epstein–Barr

acute, 303

epithelioid, 572–573

virus; herpes simplex virus;

uveal, 355–356

orbit, 544–545

varicella zoster virus

hydroxychloroquine, 434–436

retina, 415

heterochromia, di erential diagnosis, 694

Hymenoptera insect stings, 145

uvea, 30, 31, 350–351, 352

heterochromia iridis, 334, 671

hypergammaglobulinemia, 302

hemangiopericytoma, 351, 546–548

heterochromia iridum, 334, 671, 673, 706

hyperimmunoglobulin E ( Job) syndrome, 176

hemangiosarcoma, 548

heterophoria, 128

hyperkeratosis, 165

hematic cysts, 545

heterotropia, 128

hyperlipoproteinemia, primary familial, 453

hematoma of the orbit, 534

hidrocystoma, 189, 191

hyperopia, holmium laser thermokeratoplasty,

hematopoiesis, choroid, 336

histamine, 1, 2

152

hemidesmosomes, 134

histiocytes, 6, 7, 12, 19

hyperornithinemia, 348

hemochromatosis, 24, 188

histiocytic disorders, reactive, 568–570

hyperplasia

hemoglobin sickle-cell (SC) disease, 125–126

histiocytoma, fibrous, 551–552

basic principles of pathology, 22

hemolytic (ghost-cell) glaucoma, 647,

histiocytosis, isolated congenital, 235

iris pigment (ectropion uveae), 68,

648–649

histiocytosis X see Langerhans’ cell

336–338

hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy, 433

histiocytosis (LCH)

orbital hemangiosarcoma and, 548

hemorrhagic infarction, retinal, 406–408, 409

histoplasmosis, 87

pseudoadenomatous, 349

hemorrhagic necrosis, 23

presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome

hypersensitivity, delayed see cell-mediated

hemorrhagic retinopathy, 407, 411–412,

(POHS), 433–434

immunity

610–613

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), 21,

hypertensive retinopathy, 408–410

hemosiderin, 24, 25

245

hypertrichosis, 170–171

hemosiderosis, 24, 381

Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), 21, 578, 581

hypertrophy, 22

hemosiderosis bulbi, 24, 148, 150

Hollenhorst plaques, 401, 402

hyphema

Henle (pseudoglands), conjunctivitis, 228

holmium laser injuries, 152

after intraocular surgery, 112

Hennekam syndrome, 631

holmium laser thermokeratoplasty (LTK),

juvenile xanthogranuloma, 343

hepatolenticular degeneration, 310, 311

152

nonsurgical trauma, 135–136, 138

Herbert’s pits, 231, 232

Holthouse–Batten superficial choroiditis,

retinoblastoma, 736

hereditary arthro-ophthalmopathies, 439, 440

442

hypoplasia, 22

hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis

Homer Wright rosettes, 740

iris, 50, 336, 337, 631, 632

(HBID), 167, 241–242

homocystinuria, 385, 386, 457

optic nerve, 498–499

734–735

general reactions, 365–368

basic principles of pathology

Krukenberg’s spindle, 309, 648, 650

Marfan’s syndrome, 387, 388

acute inflammation, 2, 3, 4–5, 6

Kuhnt–Junius macular degeneration see age-

normal anatomy, 361, 362

chronic inflammation, 9–13, 14–15

related macular degeneration

pseudoexfoliation syndrome, 368–373

immunobiology, 15–19

(ARMD), wet

rupture, 75–76, 106, 368

subacute inflammation, 6–8

Kveim test, 93–94

cataract see cataracts

familial chronic granulomatous disease of

congenital anomalies, 34, 361–365,

childhood, 98

367–368, 372, 381–384,

lymphocytes see lymphocytes

Labrador keratopathy, 279–282

385–388

suppurative nongranulomatous

lacrimal drainage system, 209–212

Mittendorf ’s dot, 481

inflammation, 59, 60, 61

congenital anomalies, 210

cortex and nucleus, 362, 365, 375–380,

leukokoria

ectopic lacrimal gland tissue, 336, 337,

599

pseudogliomas, 747, 750, 751, 754, 757

543

diabetes mellitus, 599

retinoblastoma, 736, 738

inflammation, 210–211

ectopic, 385–388

leukoma, 259, 260, 267

normal anatomy, 209–210

Elschnig’s pearls, 117, 118

corneal tattooing, 311, 312

streptothrix infection, 84, 85, 210, 211

epithelium, 361, 362

leukoplakia, 168, 196, 244

tumors, 211–212, 564–568

degeneration and atrophy, 374, 635

light energy retinopathy, 155

lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital (LADD)

proliferation and migration,

lightning injuries, 156

syndrome, 256

373–374

Lignac’s disease (cystinosis), 299–302, 314,

lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 741

glaucoma, 634, 635, 636, 647, 657

447

Lafora’s disease, 454, 455

intraocular inflammation sequelae, 68

Lignac–Fanconi syndrome, 447

lamina cribrosa, 497

nonsurgical trauma

limbal dermoids, 265–266

Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH), 568,

contusion, 138–140, 141

limbal ectasia, 632

569

copper deposition, 149, 381

limbal staphyloma, 632

Langerhans’ granulomatosis (LCH), 568, 569

electrical injuries, 152–153

limbal stem cells

Lange’s fold, 398

iron deposition, 148, 149, 150, 381,

corneal, 134, 255–256

Langhans’ giant cell, 12, 13

383

idiopathic deficiency, 223

large cell acanthoma, 194–195

rupture, 75–76, 368

limbus girdle of Vogt, 283–284

laryngo-onycho-cutaneous (LOC) syndrome,

normal/abnormal comparison, 382

linear nevus sebaceus syndrome, 201

225

normal anatomy, 361, 362

lipemia retinalis, 596, 598

laser injuries, 152, 155, 156

nucleus, 362, 380

lipid deposits

laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK),

phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis, 14,

arcus senilis, 276–277

132

73–74, 75–76, 130, 384

conjunctival, 238

laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK),

surgical trauma, 106, 109, 116–117, 118

lipid granuloma of the frontal bone, 534

131–132

lenses (intraocular), 109, 111, 113–115, 116,

lipid keratopathy, 283

lattice corneal dystrophies (LCDs), 238, 290,

117, 121

lipidic degeneration, 283, 430, 713

291, 294–297

lenticonus/lentiglobus

lipidoses, 450–454

lattice degeneration of retina, 466–467

anterior, 363

lipoblastoma of the scalp, congenital, 169

Laugier–Hunziker syndrome, 248

posterior, 363–364, 757

lipofuscin, 24, 25

Laurence–Mood–Biedl syndrome, 447

lentigo

lipogranulomatous eyelid inflammation,

lead foreign bodies, 147–148

conjunctiva, 676

174–176

Leber’s congenital amaurosis, 400, 447

eyelid, 667–669, 673

lipoid proteinosis, 187

Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (or

lentigo maligna, 668–669, 673

lipoma, orbit, 550

atrophy; LHON), 501–502,

LEOPARD (multiple lentigines syndrome),

liposarcoma, orbit, 550, 551

538

668

liquefaction necrosis, 23

Leber’s miliary aneurysms, 753

leproma, 81

Lisch corneal dystrophy, 286

Leber’s stellate maculopathy see neuroretinitis

leprosy (Hansen’s disease), 81–82

lissencephaly, 49

lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)

lethal midline granuloma form of NK/T-cell

Litten’s sign, 412

deficiency, 302

lymphoma, 184, 185, 249, 536

Loa loa, 91, 92

Leigh’s disease, 50

Letterer–Siwe disease, 568, 569

LOC (laryngo-onycho-cutaneous) syndrome,

leiomyoma

leukemias, 184, 185

225

orbit, 554–555

conjunctiva, 248

Louis-Bar syndrome (ataxia-telangiectasia),

uveal, 350, 351

immunophenotyping, 21

36

leiomyosarcoma, 350, 554, 555

lacrimal drainage system, 210

Lowe’s syndrome, 367–368

lens, 361–388

optic nerve, 522

lupus erythematosus, 182–183, 403

capsule (epithelial basement membrane),

orbit, 581, 582

Lyell’s disease, 181

365–373

retinopathy, 403, 436, 458

Lyme disease, 83–84

elasticity, 365, 366

uvea, 353–354, 355

lymphangiectasia, 226

lymphangioma, orbit, 545–546, 547

age-related (ARMD)

histogenesis, 707

lymphedema

exudative (wet), 426, 427, 430–432

prognosis, 715–716

congenital conjunctival, 225

non-exudative (dry), 426, 427,

spongiform scleropathy, 720–721

late-onset hereditary, 170–171, 225

428–430

unsuspected melanomas, 720

lymphocytes

“bull’s eye”, 434–436

conjunctiva, 314, 355, 682–684

basic principles of pathology

cystoid macular edema, 122–123, 124

eyelid, 672–676

chronic inflammation, 9–13, 14–15

drusen, 425–428, 430–431, 432

iris, 693–697

immunobiology, 15–19

exudative, secondary to focal choroiditis,

glaucoma secondary to, 644, 645, 646–

herpes stromal keratitis, 267

433–434

647, 650–652, 653, 706

immunologic conjunctivitis, 234, 235

idiopathic central serous choroidopathy,

lacrimal drainage system, 212

ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, 229, 230

424

necrosis, 59

trachoma, 232

idiopathic polypoidal choroidal

optic disc, 722

vernal keratoconjunctivitis, 233–234

vasculopathy, 434

orbit, 719, 722

lymphoepithelial lesion of Godwin, benign,

idiopathic serous detachment of the RPE,

retina, 757

532–533, 535

423, 424, 430

unsuspected, 720

lymphogranuloma venereum, 232

microcystoid, 144, 607, 610, 612

vitreous opacities, 487

lymphoid hyperplasia

vitelliform, 442, 443

malignant mesenchymoma, 562

conjunctiva, 229, 249

macular detachment, serous, optic pits, 504

malignant mixed tumor, orbit, 565, 566

reactive, 573, 574

macular dystrophy, 441, 443–444, 448, 450

malignant neoplasm, 22

lymphoid infiltration, uveal, 355

macular edema

malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors,

lymphokines, 15, 17

clinically significant (CSME), 607

559–560

lymphoma, 184–185

cystoid, 122–123, 124, 483, 705, 706

malignant rhabdoid tumor, 555

conjunctival, 248–249

diabetic, 607, 612, 618–619

malignant syringoma, 206

diagnostic criteria for extranodal, 571

macular holes, idiopathic (IMH), 437

malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma, 687,

immunophenotyping, 21

macular neuroretinopathy, acute, 416–417

688

lacrimal drainage system, 210, 212

macular pucker, 458

MALT lymphoma, 248, 576, 579

orbit, 536, 573–581

macular type retinal detachment, 465

mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), 580

subtype characteristics, 577–578

macular vitreous traction syndrome see cystoid

map–dot–fingerprint corneal dystrophy,

uvea, 353–355

macular edema

286–289

uveitis, 113, 354

maculopathy, unilateral acute idiopathic

Marfan’s syndrome, 385–387, 388

vitreous opacities, 487

(UAIM), 418

conjunctival manifestations, 235

lymphomatoid granulomatosis, 570–571

Ma uci’s syndrome, 545

marginal ulcer (keratitis), 269–270

lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 45

maggots, 93

Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome, 299, 300, 450

lysosomal enzymes, 6

magnocellular nevus see melanocytoma

Marshall–Smith syndrome, 631

lysosomal sphingolipid storage disease,

major histocompatibility complex (MHC), 2,

Marx’s line, 224

451–452

17

massive gliosis, 461–462, 744

lysosomes, 4

in humans see human leukocyte antigen

massive neural retinal fibrosis, 756

(HLA) complex

massive periretinal proliferation (proliferative

retinoblastoma, 734

vitreoretinopathy), 127, 494

macroaneurysms, retinal arterial/arteriolar,

make-up (Kabuki) syndrome, 170, 753

massive vitreous retraction (proliferative

412, 413

malacoplakia, 209

vitreoretinopathy), 127, 494

macrocephaly–cutis marmorata telangiectatica

malaria, 89–90

mast cells, 4, 5, 6

congenita (M-CMTC), 734

malattia Lèventinese, 442

ocular allergy, 232–233, 234

macroglobulinemia, 581, 582

malignant acquired melanosis, 681, 682

ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, 230

macrophages

malignant atrophic papulosis, 186

matrix metalloproteinases, 615

basic principles of pathology

malignant cylindroma see adenoid cystic

measles, 64

chronic granulomatous inflammation,

carcinoma

Meckel’s syndrome, 50, 51

12

malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH),

medullated nerve fibers, 399

immunobiology, 16, 17, 18, 19

551–552

medulloepithelioma, 487, 686–688, 757

subacute inflammation, 6, 7, 8

malignant glaucoma, 635

Meesmann’s dystrophy, 286, 287

ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, 230

malignant hemangioendothelioma, 548

megalocornea, 257–258

phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis, 76,

malignant melanoma

meibomian glands, chalazia, 174–176

384

associated retinopathy (MAR), 436–437

melanin, 24, 25, 309

phacolytic glaucoma, 76, 384–385

ciliary body and choroid, 702–721

Krukenberg’s spindle, 309, 648, 650

vitreous opacities, 484–486

associated cytology, 720

tumors see melanotic tumors

macroreticular dystrophy, 448

associated findings, 716–720

melanocytes, 667, 668

maculae, corneal, 259, 267

classification, 707–715

see also melanotic tumors

macular corneal dystrophies, 290, 293–294

clinical presentation, 703–707

melanocytic nevus see nevus

ciliary body and choroid, 701, 723

lipidoses;

monoclonal gammopathies, orbit, 581–583

iris, 693, 723

mucopolysaccharidoses;

monocytes

optic disc, 721–722

ochronosis

basic principles of pathology

melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR),

metallic foreign bodies, 147–149, 311, 381,

chronic granulomatous inflammation,

436–437

383

12

melanomalytic glaucoma, 650–652, 653

metaplasia, 22

immunobiology, 16, 17, 18, 19

melanosis, primary acquired (PAM), 678,

metastatic calcification, 24

subacute inflammation, 6, 7, 8

680–682, 683

metastatic tumors

see also epithelioid cells; macrophages

melanosis oculi (congenital ocular

eyelids, 209

mononuclear (MN) phagocytes, 6, 7, 8, 12, 19

melanocytosis), 677, 678, 679

intraocular, 355, 356

Mooren’s ulcer, 284–285

melanotic freckle of Hutchison (lentigo

melanoma, 675, 683, 697, 707, 713–714,

morgagnian globules, 375–376

maligna), 668–669, 673

715, 719

morning-glory syndrome, 502, 504

melanotic tumors, 667–723

meningioma, 520

Morquio-like syndromes, 300

choroid and ciliary body, 697–721, 723

neural retinal, 462, 463

Morquio’s syndrome A, 300, 450

ciliary body pigment epithelium, 686–688,

optic nerve, 522

mosaic degeneration of the cornea, 285

689, 690, 692–693

orbit, 583, 585

mosaicism, 42–43

conjunctiva, 314, 355, 676–684

retinoblastoma, 745, 746

mucoceles, 583, 584

eyelids, 667–676

uveal, 721

mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 247–248, 564,

iris, 693–697, 723

vitreous opacities, 487

566–568

iris pigment epithelium, 684, 686, 688,

microabscesses, vitreous, 15

mucolipidoses, 299, 450–451

689

microaneurysms, retinal capillary, 604–605,

mucopolysaccharidoses, 298–299, 300, 447,

malignant melanoma see malignant

608

450, 451

melanoma

microblepharon, 170

Mucor, 86

optic nerve, 721–722

microcornea, 257, 258

mucormycosis (phycomycosis; zygomycosis),

orbit, 719, 722

microcystic adnexal carcinoma, 206, 207–208

86

retinal pigment epithelium, 685–686,

microcystic (dot-fingerprint-geographic)

orbital inflammation, 532, 534

688–692, 693

dystrophy, 286–289

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

MELAS, 539–540

microcystoid degeneration, retina, 144, 418–

see MALT lymphoma

Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome, 173, 174

420, 421, 422, 607, 610, 612

Muir–Torre syndrome, 202

meningioma

microdot stromal degeneration, 285

Multiceps multiceps, 92

angioblastic type, 547

microphthalmos, 41, 47, 48

multifocal eosinophilic granuloma see Hand–

optic nerve, 518–520

with cyst, 531–532

Schüller–Christian disease

meningocutaneous angiomatosis, 30–31

microsporidiosis, 90, 266

multifocal ischemic choroidopathy, acute,

Menkes’ kinky-hair disease, 51, 52

microwave injuries, 155

416

Meretoja dystrophy (LCD type II), 296,

midline lethal granuloma syndrome, 184, 185,

multinucleated inflammatory giant cells, 7, 12

491

249, 536

multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), 34, 35

Merkel cell carcinoma, 208–209

migration inhibitory factor (MIF), 17

multiple evanescent white-dot syndrome

mesenchymal tumors

Mikulicz’s disease/syndrome, 532

(MEWDS), 416–417, 418

eyelid, 209

see also benign lymphoepithelial lesion of

multiple hamartoma syndrome, 204

lacrimal drainage system, 212

Godwin

multiple lentigines syndrome, 668

orbit, 541, 546–558

milla, 188–189

multiple myeloma, 582, 583

bone, 557–558

Miller’s syndrome, 49–50

multiple sclerosis, 509, 510, 511

cartilage, 557

Milroy’s disease, 225

mummular keratitis, 266

fatty, 550, 551

minimal-pigment oculocutaneous albinism,

Munson’s sign, 302

fibrous, 550–554

395

muscae volitantes, 483

muscle, 554–557, 563–564

minocycline hydrochloride, 236

muscle tumors

vascular, 546–549

MIRAgel, 129

orbit, 554–557, 563–564

mesodermal–ectodermal dysgenesis of cornea,

mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic

uvea, 350

260

acidosis, and strokelike episodes

mustard gas, 151–152

mesoectodermal leiomyoma, 350, 351, 555

(MELAS), 539–540

mutton-fat keratic precipitates, 73, 74, 80,

metabolic disorders

mitochondrial myopathies, 538–540

94

cataracts, 381–384

Kearns–Sayre syndrome, 447, 538, 539

myasthenia gravis, 538

conjunctival manifestations, 235, 451

Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy/

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, 87

familial chronic granulomatous disease of

atrophy, 501–502, 538

Mycobacterium leprae, 81

childhood, 98

Mittendorf ’s dot, 481

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 79–80

optic neuritis secondary to, 511, 513

mole, common see intradermal nevus

mycosis fungoides, 185

pseudopigmentation, 684

molluscum contagiosum, 176, 177

orbit, 576, 580–581

retinal dystrophies, 450–457

mongolism (trisomy 21; 47,21+), 39

mycotic keratitis, 272–273

myelogenous (granulocytic) leukemia,

the optic nerve; neurilemmoma;

309

353–354

neurofibromatosis

nonkeratinized epithelial (conjunctival) cyst,

myeloid sarcoma, 581

neurilemmoma, 355, 558–559, 560

540, 542

myeloma cysts, 341

neuroblastoma, 561

Nonne–Milroy–Meige disease, 225

myiasis, 93

metastatic, 583, 585

nonsurgical trauma see trauma, nonsurgical

myocilin gene mutations, 636, 638

neurocutaneous pattern syndromes, 169

nontraumatic infections see bacterial diseases;

myoepithelioma (eccrine spiradenoma),

neurodegenerative process, diabetes, 602

fungal diseases; parasitic

206–207, 568

neuroendocrine carcinoma, 208–209

infections; viral diseases

myopia

neurofibromatosis, 31–34

Noonan’s syndrome, 42

neural retinal detachment, 462

corneal involvement, 314

Norrie’s disease, 754–755

optic nerve, 504–505

glaucoma, 631

North Carolina macular dystrophy, 443–444

myopic retinopathy, 423

optic nerve tumors, 514, 519

nuclear cataracts, 379, 380, 381–382, 599

myotonia congenita, 538

neurofilament, 19

null lymphocytes, 19

myotonic dystrophy, 447, 538

neuromyelitis optica, 510–511

nutritional diseases, 511, 513

myxoma

neuron-specific enolase, 19

O

conjunctival, 244

neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, 447

corneal, 314

neuroparalytic keratopathy, 276

occlusio pupillae, 68, 69

orbit, 564

neuroretinitis, 510, 513

ochronosis, 314–315

neurosensory retina see retina (neural)

ocular albinism, 396

neutrophils

ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, 229–230

nail–patella syndrome, 631

phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis, 76

ocular hypertension, 629

Nama keratopathy, 279–282

vernal keratoconjunctivitis, 234

ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS; ischemic

Nance–Horan syndrome, 257

nevoxanthoendothelioma see juvenile

oculopathy), 403–404

nanophthalmos, 48

xanthogranuloma

ocular myiasis, 93

nasolacrimal duct, 209, 210

nevus

oculoauriculofrontonasal syndrome, 170

natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma,

ciliary body and choroid, 697–702, 708,

oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia, 265

184–185

723

oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe,

conjunctiva, 249

conjunctiva, 676–680, 683, 684

367–368

orbit, 536

cornea, 314

oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Miller, 49–50

Naumann’s sign, 369

eyelid, 669–672

oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), 394–396

nebulae, corneal, 259, 267

iris, 693, 694, 723

oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD)

necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, 186

neurofibromatosis, 32, 33, 34

syndrome, 634

necrosis

optic nerve, 721–722

oculomedin, 639

acute retinal, 417–418

terminology, 669

Oguchi’s disease, 400

basic principles of pathology, 23

nevus lipomatosus (pedunculated nevus), 169,

oil droplet degeneration, 279–282

Coats’ disease, 752

240

oil globule reflex, 363

of intraocular neoplasms, 59

nevus of Ota see congenital oculodermal

oligodendrocytoma, optic nerve, 518

retinal ischemia, 404–405

melanocytosis

onchocerciasis, 268–269

retinoblastoma, 739, 741, 743, 744

nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn, 201–202, 265

oncocytoma, 207, 243, 244

uveal melanoma, 707, 709–710, 713

nevus verrucosus, 190

oncogenes, 22–23

necrotizing anterior scleritis, 316–317

night blindness, 396, 400, 445

malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors,

nematodes, 90–92

nodular anterior scleritis, 316

560

pseudogliomas, 751, 757

nodular fasciitis, orbit, 550

multiple endocrine neoplasia, 34

stromal keratitis, 268–269

nodular hidradenoma (eccrine spiradenoma),

ophthalmomyiasis, 93

neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy, 447

206–207

optic disc edema, 96, 122–123, 505–507, 619,

neonatal inclusion blennorrhea, 229, 232

nongranulomatous inflammation see

636

neonatal isolated congenital histiocytosis,

inflammation,

optic nerve, 497–522

235

nongranulomatous

atrophy, 501–502, 513–514, 515, 516

neonatal lens vacuoles, transient, 365, 366

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

glaucoma, 620, 628, 658–660

neonatal retinal hemorrhages, 154

central nervous system (NHL-CNS),

choroidal melanoma invasion, 716, 717,

neonates, retinopathy of prematurity, 642,

354–355

722

748–751

immunophenotyping, 21

congenital anomalies, 498–505

neoplasia, 22–23

lacrimal drainage system, 212

anomalous optic disc and cup shape,

nerve growth factor, 233

orbit, 574–581

499–501, 633, 658, 659

Nettleship–Falls albinism, 396

uvea, 354–355

aplasia, 498, 500

neural retina see retina (neural)

uveitis, 113, 354

atrophies, 501–502, 514, 515

neural tumors

noncalcific band keratopathy, 279–282

coloboma, 502–504

orbit, 541, 558–561

nonchroma n paraganglioma, 561–562

conus, 501