Uveitis, 618, 619, 626
animal models, 620, 622, 624 cell adhesion molecules, 623 cellular mediators, 622 classification, 618, 619 clinical background, 573 etiology, 618 immunogenetics, 620, 620 overview, 590
pathology, 631
soluble mediators, 623, 626 therapeutic advances, 625 tolerance, role of, 624–625, 625
Uveitis, infectious, 654–657, 659, 660, 661 bacterial causes, 668
Bartonella, 658–659, 658, 659
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), 655–656, 658 fungal causes, 661
herpesviruses, 654, 658 overview, 654
parasitic causes, 664 syphilis, 659–661
toxoplasmosis, 661, 661, 664, 665
see also Cytomegalovirus; Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
V
Van der Waals dispersion forces, 124 Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), 91, 93, 656–657
clinical background, 628, 635, 642, 654–656
diagnosis, 629–630 etiology, 630–631, 639, 649 immune cells, 631, 633 infection, route of, 631, 633 manifestations, 658 pathology, 657 pathophysiology, 657, 659 treatment, 630
Vascular dysfunction/inflammation, 525 Vascular dysregulation, 180, 224 Vascular endothelial cells (VEC), 171
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 512
agents targeting, 550 angiogenesis and, 544
corneal neovascularization (NV) and, 62, 74
cystoid macular edema (CME) and, 624 diabetic retinopathy and, 515–516,
516–517, 516 DME and, 523, 526
Inhibition Study in Ocular Neovascularization (VISION), 536
ROP and, 569, 569
signaling through, 569
soluble VEGF receptor-1 (VEGRFR-1), 550 VEGF-Trap-Eye, 551, 551
VEGFxxxb, 550, 550
Vascular occlusive disorders see Retinal artery occlusion (RAO); Retinal vein occlusion (RVO)
Vascular vessels, 78
Vasculogenesis, neovascular AMD and, 541–542, 542
Vasculogenic mimicry, 383–388, 387 angiogenesis and, 405
blood vessels and, 384 clinical context, 383 fibrovascular septa and, 386 fluid and, 389
PAS-positive patterning, 384
as tumor biofilm, 385, 387–388 Vasculopathic occlusion, 319 Vasoactive factors, 515–516
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), 108–109 Vaso-occlusion, white blood cell/platelet,
510
Vasospasticity, migraine and, 224, 225 VEGF see Vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF)
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL), 660
Venous insufficiency, 320
Vernal Conjunctivitis, 102
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), 98, 99, 100, 101
Vertical gaze, 289, 291, 295, 296 Vertical jerk syndrome, 354, 354
Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), 290–291, 293, 294, 295–296
Video meniscometry, 125 Vision therapy, 449, 459
Visual acuity, head shaking, 295, 295 Visual changes, central, 202
Visual cortex
albinism and, 344, 355, 463, 467–468, 470
changes, 177 prostheses, 595
Visual field progression, 226, 226
Visual loss, diabetic macular edema (DME), 520
Visual prostheses, 590–598 achievements, 590, 595 clinical background, 590
comparisons, 594–595, 594, 598 defined, 594, 594
management, 592 pathology, 590, 590, 592 potential sites, 590, 591, 595
Index
Vitamin A
adipocytes and, 252 animal models, 301–302 deficiency, 143
IIH and, 298, 302 “Vitreoretinal adhesions”, 554
Vitreous body, nuclear cataracts, 235–237,
236
Vitreous degeneration, 236, 237 Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease, 618,
620–621, 626, 636, 641, 667
W
Wallerian (anterograde) degeneration, 208, 317, 322, 324–325, 327
mutants, 328
“Watershed zone”, NAION and, 317–318 “Wedl cells”, 239
West African Countries (Ghana and Nigeria) Study, 243
Wilms tumor-aniridia-genitourinary abnormalities-retardation (WAGR), 472
Wingless type (Wnt) signaling, 436 Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, 402, 406 Wolfring, glands of, 131
World Health Organization (WHO), 360, 411
Wound healing, 421–422, 421
see also Corneal wound healing
Wound healing, glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS), 214–222
clinical background, 214 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors,
214–219, 218
extracellular matrix/cell-mediated contraction, 220, 220
fibrin, hemostasis and, 214, 215 fibroblast, neovascularization and, 220 future directions, 221
inflammation, 214, 215, 217 pathology, 214
therapy, surgical technique and, 221, 221
X
XFS see Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) X-linked endothelial dystrophy (XCED), 32,
33
X-linked recessive ichthyosis (XLRI), pre-Descemet dystrophy with, 27, 30
Y
Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG), 238, 271
