Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Neuro-Ophthalmology_Kidd, Newman, Biousse_2008
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INDEX
Page numbers followed by ‘f’ indicate material found within a figure. Page numbers followed by ‘t’ indicate tabular material.
A
Abducens nerve, 12f, 16, 321 Abnormal liver function tests, 126
Acetylcholine receptor antibody, 317–318 Achondroplasia, 303
Achromatic contrast sensitivity, measures spatial luminance, 138
Achromatopsia, central, from occipitotemporal lesions, 29
Acquired arterial pulsation, 60–63
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 160
Acquired ocular motility disorders abnormal spontaneous eye movements,
327–328 nystagmus, 327
saccadic intrusions, 327–328 clinical approach and diagnostic tools,
313–315 introduction, 312–313 ophthalmoparesis, 323–324
brainstem disorders, 322–323 cranial nerve palsies, 321–322 extraocular muscles, 315–316 neuromuscular junction, 316–318 supranuclear ocular motility control,
323–324
Acquired pendular nystagmus (APN), 325 in setting visual loss, 325
treatment of, 325 Acromegaly
and Cushing’s disease, 240–241 from somatotroph cells, 239
ACTH. See Adrenocorticotropin-stimulating hormone
ACTH-secreting tumors, 243–244 ACTH-staining types, 245
Active duction, globe retraction during, 67 Active inflammatory eye disease, 270 Acuity loss, 161
Acute arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, with giant cell arteritis, 125f, 126f
Acute bacterial sinusitis, 165
Acute bilateral visual loss, in giant cell arteritis, 125f
Acute bleeding, with anemia, 120 Acute/chronic inflammation, with systemic
diseases, 80 Acute dacryoadenitis
with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 81 with tenderness, 66–67
Acute demyelinating optic neuritis, 171–172 Acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement
syndrome (AIBSE), 50–51 Acute inflammatory symptoms, 66–67 Acute leukemia
form of, 231
of infiltrative optic neuropathy, 231
Acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN), 50–51 Acute myeloid leukemia, 90
Acute NAION, treatment of, 121 Acute nausea, 63–64
Acute optic neuritis
neuro-ophthalmologic complications, 159 perivenous sheathing in, 140f
Acute optic neuropathy, 45 causes of, 117
ION, common, 112
Acute orbital decompression, 87–88 Acute sinusitis, 75
Acute surgical intervention, 87–88
Acute visual loss, with acute nausea, 63–64 Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR),
50–51
Adenoid cystic carcinoma common lacrimal malignancy, 90 of right lacrimal gland, 90f
Adenomas, 242, 243
ADH. See Antidiuretic hormone Adrenoceptors, cause dilation or mydriasis, 264 Adrenocorticotropin-stimulating hormone
(ACTH), 239
Age
of presentation, 249
and pupil diameter, relation between, 266f Age-related macular degeneration, 49–50 Aggressive disease, management of, 59 Agnosia
disorder of visual perception, 343 visual object, 340–341
AIBSE syndrome. See Acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement syndrome
AION. See Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy Airborne spores, inhalation of, 160 Akinetopsia, 338–339
Alexia, testing for, 24 Allotypic expression, 203 Alzheimer’s disease, 346 Amaurosis fugax, 47
American Academy of Neurology, Quality Standards subcommittee of, 148–149
Amsler grid testing, 27
to assess macula function, 27f
357
358 Index
AMN. See Acute macular neuroretinopathy ANA. See Antinuclear antibody Anastomotic circle of Zinn-Haller, 3–4
ANCA. See Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antigen Ancillary testing, 44
Aneurysm
with bitemporal visual failure, 256f presence of, 13–14
Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, 229 Angle closure glaucoma, 47
Anisocoria, 31–32 form of, 31–32 pathologic, 32
Annulus of Zinn, 11–12, 15, 16–17 Anoxic brain damage, diffuse, 40
Anterior function syndromes, rarities of, 240 Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION),
119t, 135–137 acute, 120
disorders and drugs suggested with occurrence of, 119t
embolic, 120 nonarteritic, 118t
Anterior uveitis, 166, 176 Anticholinergic toxin, 318 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), 240
overproduction of, 240 Anti-GQ1b antibody, 322
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antigen (ANCA), 70–71, 172–173
Antinuclear antibody (ANA), 170–171 and anti-DNA antibody, 177–178 in ONTT, 141
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 172–173, 179
Antiplatelet agents and calcium-channel blocker, 108
Antiretroviral therapy, mitochondrial function, 198
Anton’s syndrome, 11, 336 Aortic arch atherosclerosis, 100 Aphasia, 11
APN. See Acquired pendular nystagmus Aquaporin-4 water channel, 173 Arachnoid hyperplasia, 208
Arcuate bundles inferior, 2–3 superior, 2–3 Area V5, 338–339
Argyll Robertson pupil, 277–278 Arnold-Chiari malformation, 326 Arteriosclerotic vascular risk factors, treatment
of, 108
Arteritic AION, 112–113, 118t, 121 clinical presentation of, 121–124 nature of, 126–127
Arteritic ION, 112–113
Artery biopsy, with Churg-Strauss syndrome, 181f
Artery occlusions branch retinal, 52 central retinal, 52f
Aspergilloma, within nasal sinusitis, 160 Aspergillus, 160, 165
Asymmetric pupil size, 31–32
Asymptomatic abnormalities, of visual function, 140–141
Ataxia and meningoencephalitis, 154–155 ATECO. See Autotriggered elliptic centric-
ordered
Atherosclerosis-related vascular diseases, 121 Atonia, of efferent urinary tract, 201 Atropine, to dilate pupils, 268–269 Autoantibodies
prevalence of, 171–172 thyroid associated, 172 Autoimmune disease, 253
Autoimmune optic neuropathy, 171–172 Automated perimetry, 30 Autosomal-dominant optic atrophy, 191,
199–200
Autosomal recessive disorder, 201–202 Autotriggered elliptic centric-ordered (ATECO)
MRV, 291 Axonal swelling, 281
Azathioprine, immunosuppression with, 167 AZOOR. See Acute zonal occult outer
retinopathy
B
Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), 172 Balint’s syndrome, 343
Bartonella henselae, causes cat scratch disease, 160
Basal dura, stretching of, 241 Basilar invagination, 326
B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, 91–92 BCG. See Bacille Calmette-Guerin
Behc¸et’s syndrome, 138, 166–167, 176, 176f Benign orbital diseases, 88
B. henselae, treatment for, 162–163 Bilateral chronic dacryoadenitis, 83f Bilateral Horner’s syndrome, 272f
Bilateral lacrimal drainage obstruction, infant with, 77f
Bilateral optic neuritis, development of, 178 Binocular diplopia, 313, 313f
Biopsy, 254–255 Bitemporal field loss, 241 Blindsight, 336–337 Blood sugar, elevated, 95
Blood supply, for optic chiasm, 8 Blood tests, 149
Blowout fracture, 65f Bone scalloping
on CT scans, 251
with intact cortex, 73–74
|
Index |
359 |
Botulism, 318 |
Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), 53, 211 |
|
Brachytherapy, implantation, 90–91 |
descriptions of, 53 |
|
Brain |
Central serous retinopathy (CSR), 48–49 |
|
CT of, 195 |
Centrocecal scotomas, in ONTT, 138 |
|
MRI of, 173 |
Cephaloceles, with neurofibromatosis, 75–76 |
|
Brainstem injury, complete, 39–40 |
Cerebral achromatopsia, 337–338 |
|
Brainstem pathways |
effect of, 337–338 |
|
for horizontal gaze, 17f |
etiology of, 337 |
|
for vertical saccades, 18 |
Cerebral akinetopsia, 338–339 |
|
Brain tumors, 302 |
Cerebral artery infarction, 105f |
|
and space-occupying tumors, 289 |
Cerebral infarction, 333 |
|
Breathing pattern, evaluation of, 39 |
Cerebral lesions, cause visual disorders, 335 |
|
Bright light, to assess pupils, 31 |
Cerebral polyopia, 345 |
|
Brucella infection, of nervous system, 159 |
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 154–155 |
|
Bull’s-eye maculopathy, with cone |
abnormal, 143 |
|
dystrophy, 55f |
pressure, 60–63 |
|
Buried drusen, 287f |
Cerebrovenous thrombosis, 302 |
|
Burst neurons, in brainstem, 323 |
Cervical cord, sagittal MRI of, 174f |
|
Busacca nodules, 166 |
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), 201–202 |
|
|
Charles Bonnet syndrome, 346–347 |
|
C |
Chester-Erdheim disease, 255 |
|
Calcarine cortex |
Chiasmal disease, common defect of, 8 |
|
occipital lobes and, 9–10 |
Chiasmal lesions, 276–277 |
|
upper and lower bank of, 9 |
Chiasmal/retrochiasmal disease, visual field |
|
Campylobacter jejuni infections, 322 |
defects from, 4 |
|
Candle wax drippings, 166–167 |
Chiasmal syndrome, etiology of, 8 |
|
CAR. See Carcinoma-associated retinopathy |
Chiasmal visual loss, 8 |
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, complications |
Childhood, familial storage diseases and cerebral |
|
of, 296 |
degenerations of, manifest optic atrophy, |
|
Carcinoma-associated retinopathy (CAR), 56 |
202t |
|
Cardiac disease, as manifestations of systemic |
Chin depression, 34 |
|
disorders, 2 |
Chocolate cysts, 77–78 |
|
Carotico-cavernous fistula |
Choked disc, 280 |
|
with acute proptosis, 79–80 |
Cholesterol, multiple and platelet-fibrin emboli, |
|
atheromatous, 81f |
100f |
|
Carotid angiogram, 103f, 256f |
Chondrosarcomas, 250–251 |
|
Cataracts, cause blurring, darkening, 46 |
Chordomas, 251 |
|
Cat scratch disease, 162 |
Chorioretinitis, retinal periphlebitis on, |
|
Cavernous hemangioma |
166–167 |
|
adulthood benign orbital mass, 78–79 |
Choroidal circulation, 52 |
|
during surgical removal, 80f |
Choroidal folds |
|
Cavernous meningioma, 247f |
on funduscopy, 63–64 |
|
Cavernous sinus syndrome, 15, 18, 246, 321 |
and macular edema, 296 |
|
Cushing’s tumor invading, 245f |
Choroidal hypoperfusion, on retinal fluorescein |
|
diagram of, 13f |
angiogram, 102f |
|
with ophthalmoplegia, 241 |
Choroidal ischemia, TMVL from isolated, 102 |
|
orbital apex and, 18 |
Choroidoretinitis, 160 |
|
and pituitary fossa, 251 |
Choroid plexus papilloma, 302–303 |
|
Celiac disease, 176–177 |
Chronic anterior uveitis, 160 |
|
with anti-gliadin antibodies, 176–177 |
Chronic degenerative changes, 49–50 |
|
with neurologic complications, 176–177 |
Chronic headache, causes of, 298 |
|
Cellular anaplasia, degree of, 214 |
Chronic hypoperfusion, 101–102 |
|
Cellular components, 214 |
Chronic inflammation, 270 |
|
Central acuity loss, cause for, 27 |
Chronic insidious panuveitis, 167 |
|
Central nervous system (CNS), 225 |
Chronic ocular hypoperfusion, 101–102 |
|
Central retinal artery (CRA), 52 |
Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia |
|
occlusion of, 52 |
(CPEO), 316 |
|
cases of, 52 |
Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic |
|
funduscopic appearance of, 52 |
neuropathy (CRION), 170f, 171f |
|
360 |
|
Index |
|
|
Chronic uveitis, 166 |
Corneal sensation, 68 |
|
|
Churg-Strauss syndrome, 154, 181 |
Corneal surface, luster of, 47 |
|
|
Ciliary arteries, posterior, 3–4 |
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery, bilateral |
|
|
Ciliary ganglion, damage to, 274–275 |
anterior ischemic optic neuropathy after, |
|
|
Cilio-retinal shunt vessels, 70 |
129f |
|
|
Circle of Zinn-Haller, 113–114, 113f |
Cortical blindness, 11, 336 |
|
|
Circulation stenosis, anterior, 100 |
Cortical visual disorders |
|
|
Claude’s syndrome, 15 |
prognosis for, 349 |
|
|
Clioquinol, toxins, 172–173 |
types of, 350 |
|
|
Clival chordoma, compressing brainstem, 251f |
Corticosteroids, 154–155 |
|
|
CMT. See Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease |
with acute papilledema, 296 |
|
|
CNS. See Central nervous system |
with arteritic ION, 127 |
|
|
Cogan’s lid twitch sign, 34, 316 |
and cyclophosphamide, 182 |
|
|
Cold caloric test, 39–40 |
Cover-uncover test, 37–38 |
|
|
Color agnosia, 338 |
CPEO. See Chronic progressive external |
|
|
Color anomia, 338 |
ophthalmoplegia |
|
|
Color blindness, tests for congenital, 25–26 |
CRA. See Central retinal artery |
|
|
Color bottle top, to detect color difference, 25f |
Cranial nerve deficits, multiple, 63–64 |
|
|
Color-coded Doppler B-mode imaging, for |
Cranial nerve nuclei, 322–323 |
|
|
|
vascular anomalies, 71–72 |
Cranial nerve paresis, causes of third, fourth, |
|
Color-naming defect, 338 |
and sixth, 322t |
|
|
Color plate test, utility of, 25–26 |
Cranial nerves, anatomic considerations of third, |
|
|
Color selective area, 332 |
fourth, and sixth, 16–18 |
|
|
Color vision, 25–26, 193, 337 |
Cranial neuropathy, investigation of, causing |
|
|
|
abnormal, 145 |
diplopia, 321 |
|
|
assessed using Ishihara, 25–26 |
Craniopharyngiomas, 243, 249 |
|
|
tests of, 137 |
Craniotomy |
|
Coma |
for giant tumors, 245 |
|
|
|
abnormal ocular fundi in, 41 |
route of, 247–248 |
|
|
causes of, 38 |
CRAO. See Cental retinal artery (CRA), |
|
|
eye movement abnormalities in, 40–41 |
occlusion of |
|
|
neuroanatomic correlates of, 38 |
C-reactive protein |
|
|
pupillary abnormalities in, 40 |
ESR and, 127 |
|
|
unexplained, 38 |
and fibrinogen, 106, 126 |
|
Comatose patients |
CRION. See Chronic relapsing inflammatory |
|
|
|
approach to, 39 |
optic neuropathy |
|
|
examination in, 39–40 |
Crossed innervation, 15 |
|
Complex cells, 334 |
CRVO. See Central retinal vein occlusion |
|
|
Computed tomography angiography (CTA), 106 |
Cryptococcus, 161 |
|
|
Computed tomography, modality for orbital |
CSF. See Cerebrospinal Fluid |
|
|
|
conditions, 60 |
CSF absorption, interference with, 300 |
|
Computerized perimetry, with glaucoma or |
CSF lymphocyte pleocytosis, 162 |
|
|
|
papilledema, 30 |
CSR. See Central serous retinopathy |
|
Cone dystrophy |
CTA. See Computer tomography angiography |
|
|
|
bilateral loss of central vision, 54 |
Cup-to-disc ratio, illustration of, 116f |
|
|
as bilateral optic neuropathy, 55f |
Cushing’s disease, from corticotroph cells, 239 |
|
Congenital fourth nerve palsy, diagnosis of, |
Cushing’s tumors, pretreatment of, 244–245 |
|
|
|
36–37 |
Cyberknife, LINAC units, 220 |
|
Conjugate gaze, in vertical and horizontal |
Cytoplasmic-pattern ANCA (c-ANCA), 181–182 |
|
|
|
planes, 19 |
|
|
Conjunctival chemosis, gross, 81f |
|
|
|
Contrast sensitivity |
D |
|
|
|
and low-contrast letter acuity, 26 |
Dalen-Fuchs nodules, 177 |
|
|
measure of visual function, 26 |
Death, risk of, 104 |
|
|
types of, 26 |
Defective visual localization, 344 |
|
Corneal haze, 47 |
Degenerations, retinal, 54–56 |
|
|
Corneal light reflection test, 314f |
Degenerative brainstem diseases, 323–324 |
|
|
Corneal reflexes, testing of, 40 |
Demyelinating disease, primary, 135 |
|
|
Corneal scarring, 276 |
Dermoid cysts, 66–67, 73–74 |
|