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Neuro-Ophthalmology

Developments in

Ophthalmology

Vol. 40

Series Editor

W. Behrens-Baumann, Magdeburg

Neuro-

Ophthalmology

Neuronal Control of Eye Movements

Volume Editors

Andreas Straube, Munich

Ulrich Büttner, Munich

39 figures, and 3 tables, 2007

Basel · Freiburg · Paris · London · New York · Bangalore · Bangkok · Singapore · Tokyo · Sydney

Andreas Straube

Ulrich Büttner

Department of Neurology

Department of Neurology

Klinikum Grosshadern

Klinikum Grosshadern

Marchioninistrasse 15

Marchioninistrasse 15

DE–81377 Munich

DE–81377 Munich

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Neuro-ophthalmology / volume editors, Andreas Straube, Ulrich Büttner.

p. ; cm. – (Developments in ophthalmology, ISSN 0250-3751 ; v. 40) Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

ISBN 978-3-8055-8251-3 (hardcover : alk. paper)

1. Neuroophthalmology. I. Straube, Andreas. II. Büttner, U. III. Series.

[DNLM: 1. Eye Movements–physiology.

2. Ocular Motility Disorders. 3.

Oculomotor Muscles–physiology. 4. Oculomotor Nerve-physiology. W1

DE998NG v.40 2007 / WW 400 N4946 2007]

 

RE725.N45685 2007

 

617.7 32–dc22

2006039568

Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents® and Index Medicus.

Disclaimer. The statements, options and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

© Copyright 2007 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH–4009 Basel (Switzerland) www.karger.com

Printed in Switzerland on acid-free paper by Reinhardt Druck, Basel ISSN 0250–3751

ISBN: 978–3–8055–8251–3

Contents

VII List of Contributors

IX Preface

Büttner, U.; Straube, A. (Munich)

1Anatomy of the Oculomotor System

Büttner-Ennever, J.A. (Munich)

15Eye Movement Recordings: Methods

Eggert, T. (Munich)

35Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex

Fetter, M. (Karlsbad)

52Neural Control of Saccadic Eye Movements

Catz, N.; Thier, P. (Tübingen)

76Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements and Optokinetic Nystagmus

Büttner, U.; Kremmyda, O. (Munich)

90Disconjugate Eye Movements

Straumann, D. (Zurich)

110The Eyelid and Its Contribution to Eye Movements

Helmchen, C.; Rambold, H. (Lübeck)

132Mechanics of the Orbita

Demer, J.L. (Los Angeles, Calif.)

V

158Current Models of the Ocular Motor System

Glasauer, S. (Munich)

175Therapeutic Considerations for Eye Movement Disorders

Straube, A. (Munich)

193 Subject Index

Contents

VI

List of Contributors

Prof. Dr. med. U. Büttner

Prof. Dr. med. J.L. Demer

Department of Neurology

Jules Stein Eye Institute

Klinikum Grosshadern

100 Stein Plaza

Marchioninistrasee 15

David Geffen School of Medicine at

DE–81377 Munich (Germany)

UCLA

 

Los Angeles, CA 90095-7002,

Prof. Dr. med. Jean Büttner-Ennever

Calif. (USA)

Institute of Anatomy

 

Ludwig-Maximilian University

Dr. Ing. T. Eggert

Pettenkoferstrasse 11

Department of Neurology

DE–80336 Munich (Germany)

Klinikum Grosshadern

 

Marchioninistrasee 15

Dr. N. Catz

DE–81377 Munich (Germany)

Department of Cognitive Neurology

 

Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain

Prof. M. Fetter

Research

SRH Clinic Karlsbad-Langensteinbach

Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3

Department of Neurology

DE–72076 Tübingen (Germany)

Guttmannstrasse 1

 

DE–76307 Karlsbad (Germany)

VII

PD Dr. Ing. S. Glasauer

Prof. Dr. med. A. Straube

Department of Neurology

Department of Neurology

Klinikum Grosshadern

Klinikum Grosshadern

Marchioninistrasse 15

Marchioninistrasse 15

DE–81377 Munich (Germany)

DE–81377 Munich (Germany)

Prof. Dr. med. Ch. Helmchen

Prof. Dr. med. D. Straumann

Department of Neurology

Neurology Department

University Hospitals

Zurich University Hospital

Schleswig-Holstein

Frauenklinikstrasse 26

Campus Lübeck

CH–8091 Zurich (Switzerland)

Ratzeburger Allee 160

 

DE–23538 Lübeck (Germany)

Prof. Dr. med. P. Thier

 

Department of Cognitive Neurology

Dr. O. Kremmyda

Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain

Department of Neurology

Research

Klinikum Grosshadern

Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3

Marchioninistrasse 15

DE–72076 Tübingen (Germany)

DE–81377 Munich (Germany)

 

PD Dr. H. Rambold

 

Department of Neurology

 

University Hospitals

 

Schleswig-Holstein

 

Campus Lübeck

 

Ratzeburger Allee 160

 

DE–23538 Lübeck (Germany)

 

List of Contributors

VIII