Contributors

Sean R. Christensen, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Dermatology, Yale University

School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

Daniel L. Christiansen, M.D. Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA

Robert H. Cook-Norris, M.D. Department of Dermatology,

Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

Stephanie A. Diamantis, M.D. Department of Dermatology,

Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA

Tobechi L. Ebede, M.D. Dermatology Service,

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

Katlein França, M.D. Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery,

University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

Scott Freeman, M.D. Fellows, Zitelli & Brodland, P.C., Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Gaston Nestor Galimberti, M.D. Department of Dermatology, School of

Medicine Italian Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Carlette M. Geddis, B.S., H.T.L. Trident Dermatology,

Charleston, SC, USA

L. Frank Glass, M.D. Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery,

University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

Hugh M. Gloster Jr., M.D. Department of Dermatology,

University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA

David J. Goldberg, M.D., J.D. Department of Dermatology,

Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

Greg Julian Goodman, M.B.B.S. (Hons), M.D.,

FACD, Grad. Dip. Clin. Epi. Dermatology Institute of Victoria, South Yarra,

VIC, Australia

Sarah E. Grummer, M.D. Department of Mohs Surgery,

Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Key Biscayne, Dade, FL, USA

Ashraf M. Hassanein, M.D., Ph.D. Medical Director, Florida Pathology

and Dermatologic Surgery & Aesthetics Institute, The Villages, FL, USA

Hatem A. Hassanein, B.Sc. Department of Microbiology and Biomedical

Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA

Misha M. Heller, B.A. Department of Dermatology,

UCSF Psoriasis and Skin Treatment Center, San Francisco, CA, USA

Jennifer I. Hui, M.D. Department of Ophthalmic Plastic, Orbital Surgery and Oncology service, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, USA

Tatyana R. Humphreys, M.D. Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson

University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Adam A. Ingraffea, M.D. Department of Dermatology,

University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA

Brooke A. Jackson, M.D. Department of Dermatology, Skin Wellness Center of Chicago, SC, Chicago, IL, USA

Northwestern Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA

Lorraine M. Jennings, M.B., B.Ch., B.A.O. (Hons)

Department of Mohs Micrographic Surgery, Department

of Dermatology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham

and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

Hooman Khorasani, M.D. Department of Dermatology,

The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

Arash Kimyai-Asadi, M.D. DermSurgery Associates,

Houston, TX, USA

Richelle M. Knudson, M.D. Department of Dermatology,

Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

John Koo, M.D. Department of Dermatology,

UCSF Psoriasis and Skin Treatment Center, San Francisco, CA, USA

Luis Fernando F. Kopke, M.D. Coordinator of the Department of Micrographic Surgery of the Brazilian Society of Dermatology, President of the Brazilian Society of Dermatologic Surgery, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

Pearon G. Lang, M.D., B.A., M.D. Trident Dermatology,

Charleston, SC, USA

James A.A. Langtry, M.B.B.S., FRCP Department of Dermatology,

Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK

Susana M. Leal-Khouri, M.D., FAAD

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery,

University of Miami, Key Biscayne, Dade, FL, USA

Florida International University School of Medicine, Key Biscayne, Dade, FL, USA

Nicole R. LeBoeuf, M.D. Department of Dermatology, Dana Farber Cancer

Institute/Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

Eric S. Lee, B.S. Department of Dermatology,

UCSF Psoriasis and Skin Treatment Center, San Francisco, CA, USA

Boonyapat Limthongkul, M.D. Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson

University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Victor J. Marks, M.D. Department of Dermatologic Surgery,

Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA

Ellen S. Marmur, M.D. Division of Dermatologic & Cosmetic Surgery, Department of Dermatology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

Michael P. McLeod, B.S., M.S. Department of Dermatology

and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School

of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

Jessica M. Sheehan, M.D.

Northshore Center for Medical Aesthetics, Northbrook, IL, USA

Douglas M. Sidle, M.D., FACS Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck

Surgery, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

Indira Singh, B.A. Dermatology Service,

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

Stephen N. Snow, M.D. Department of Dermatology,

University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health,

Madison, WI, USA

Novie Sroa, M.D. Department of Dermatology,

Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA

Thomas Stasko, M.D. Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology,

Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA

Abel Torres, M.D. Department of Dermatology,

Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA

David T. Tse, M.D., FACS Department of Ophthalmic Plastic, Orbital Surgery and Oncology service, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, USA

Glenn E. Turner, D.M.D., M.S.D. Department of Prosthodontics, University of

Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA

Edward J. Upjohn, M.B.B.S., M.Med., FACD

Skin and Cancer Foundation, Carlton, VIC, Australia

Irene Vergilis-Kalner, M.D. Assistant Professor of Dermatology, Department of

Dermatology, UMDNJ, New Jersey

Andrew E. Werchniak, M.D. Department of Dermatology, Dana Farber Cancer

Institute/Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

Yaohui Gloria Xu, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Dermatology,

University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA

Simon Yoo, M.D. Department of Dermatology, Otolaryngology, Surgery,

Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

Jeremy S. Youse, M.D. Department of Dermatology,

Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

Marilyn Zabielinski, B.S. University of Miami, Miami, Miami, FL, USA

Nathalie C. Zeitouni, MDCM, FRCPC

Department of Dermatology,

Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA

John Zitelli, M.D. Fellows, Zitelli & Brodland, P.C., Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Michael P. McLeod, Sonal Choudhary,

and Keyvan Nouri

Abstract

The founding father of Mohs micrographic surgery is Frederic E. Mohs. He was only a medical student when he began to develop his new surgical technique during the 1930s. Mohs noticed that zinc chloride could be used to “fix” a tumor so that the histologic architecture could be viewed under a microscope. In 1936, Mohs translated his research method into use for cutaneous tumors in humans. It was at this time that chemosurgery (the precursor to modern day Mohs micrographic surgery) was born. In 1941, Mohs reported his findings using fixed tissue chemosurgery in the Archives of Surgery with 440 patients. Later in 1946, he reported more results at the American Academy of Dermatology in Chicago. In 1947, he described his technique and work in the Archives of Dermatology. In 1953, Mohs was creating a video illustrating the chemosurgery technique for the eyelid. In order to speed the surgery for the video, he did not use the zinc chloride fixative. Instead, he used fresh frozen tissue to generate the horizontal sections. Hence, the birth of the present day form of Mohs Micrographic Surgery began taking shape. In 1983, the first 1-year fellowship program was formally approved by the American College of Mohs Micrographic Surgery and Cutaneous Oncology (ACMMSCO). Fourteen years after the approval of the first fellowship program, there were more than 60, 1–2-year training programs approved by the ACMMSCO. In addition, there are approved fellowships in Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. Mohs surgery is spreading across the world, and we have dedicated an entire section of this book to document its travel.

Keywords

Frederic E. Mohs • Chemosurgery • Zinc chloride • Mohs micrographic surgery