|
Contents |
vii |
3. |
DPPIV: A Molecular Switch of the NPY |
|
|
Angiogenic System |
97 |
4. |
Downstream Mediators of NPY Actions |
98 |
5. |
NPY in Revascularization of Ischemic Tissues |
99 |
6. |
NPY in Wound Healing |
101 |
7. |
NPY in Adipose Tissue Growth and Obesity |
102 |
8. |
NPY in Retinopathy |
103 |
9. |
NPY-Induced Angiogenesis in Angioplasty-Induced |
|
|
Neointima and Atherogenesis |
105 |
10. NPY in Tumor Angiogenesis |
105 |
|
11. NPY-Mediated Angiogenesis and Neurogenesis |
109 |
|
References |
111 |
|
Chapter 5. Modulation of Growth Factor Signaling by |
|
|
|
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans |
119 |
Nicholas W. Shworak |
|
|
1. |
Introduction |
119 |
2. |
Historical Perspective |
121 |
3. |
The Structure, Synthesis, and Post-Synthetic Modification |
|
|
of HSPGs |
123 |
4. |
Evolution of HSPGs |
129 |
5. |
HSPGs in Development |
131 |
6. |
HSPG Modulation of Ligand-Receptor Interactions |
133 |
7. |
HSPGs Enable Global Control of EC Phenotype |
139 |
8. |
Future Therapeutic Directions |
139 |
9. |
Conclusions |
140 |
References |
141 |
|
II Angiogenic Regulators
Chapter 6. Directional Cues in Angiogenesis |
147 |
|
Arie Horowitz |
|
|
1. |
Introduction: Blood Vessels and Nerves Use Similar |
|
|
Guidance Cues |
147 |
2. |
Semaphorin Signaling |
148 |
viii |
Contents |
|
|
3. |
Ephrins and Eph Signaling |
156 |
|
4. |
Netrin and Slit Signaling |
163 |
|
5. |
Open Questions |
165 |
|
References |
|
166 |
|
Chapter 7. |
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Arteriogenesis |
|
|
|
|
by Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 |
175 |
Gregg L. Semenza |
|
||
1. |
Oxygen Homeostasis: Phylogeny, Ontogeny, Physiology, |
|
|
|
and Pathobiology |
175 |
|
2. |
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1: Master Regulator of |
|
|
|
O2 Homeostasis |
178 |
|
3. |
Control of Angiogenic Growth Factor and Cytokine |
|
|
|
Production by HIF-1 |
184 |
|
4. |
Cell-Autonomous Effects of HIF-1 in Vascular |
|
|
|
Endothelial Cells |
185 |
|
5. |
Control of Angiogenesis and Arteriogenesis by HIF-1 |
186 |
|
6. |
Control of Tumor Angiogenesis by HIF-1 |
198 |
|
References |
|
204 |
|
Chapter 8. |
Redox State and Regulation of Angiogenic |
|
|
|
|
Responses |
217 |
Masuko Ushio-Fukai and R. Wayne Alexander |
|
||
1. |
Introduction |
217 |
|
2. |
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the Vasculature |
218 |
|
3. |
ROS and Angiogenesis |
219 |
|
4. |
NAD(P)H Oxidase: A Major Source of ROS in |
|
|
|
the Vasculature |
222 |
|
5. |
Role of NAD(P)H Oxidase in Angiogenesis |
225 |
|
6. |
ROS as Signaling Molecules in Angiogenesis |
229 |
|
7. |
Angiogenesis-Dependent Transcription Factors and |
|
|
|
Genes Regulated by ROS |
233 |
|
|
|
Contents |
ix |
8. |
Conclusion |
235 |
|
References |
|
235 |
|
Chapter 9. |
Angiogenesis and Arteriogenesis in Cardiac |
|
|
|
|
Hypertrophy |
253 |
Robert J. Tomanek and Eduard I. Dedkov |
|
||
1. |
Introduction |
253 |
|
2. |
Assessing Coronary Angiogenesis and |
|
|
|
Arteriogenesis |
254 |
|
3. |
Pressure Overload-Induced Hypertrophy |
254 |
|
4. |
Volume Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy |
258 |
|
5. |
Thyroxine-Induced Hypertrophy |
260 |
|
6. |
Hypoxia-Induced Hypertrophy |
261 |
|
7. |
Exercise-Induced Hypertrophy |
263 |
|
8. |
Myocardial Infarction-Induced Hypertrophy |
264 |
|
9. |
Modulators of Angiogenesis During Hypertrophy |
267 |
|
10. |
Stimuli of Angiogenesis During Hypertrophy |
269 |
|
11. |
Summary |
271 |
|
References |
|
272 |
|
Chapter 10. |
Regulation of Coronary Vascular Tone and |
|
|
|
|
Microvascular Physiology |
281 |
Basel Ramlawi, Munir Boodhwani and Frank W. Sellke |
|
||
1. |
Introduction |
281 |
|
2. Coronary Resistance |
283 |
||
3. Regulation of Coronary Microvascular Tone |
285 |
||
4. Endothelial Factors in Vascular Growth and Response |
|
||
|
to Injury |
|
300 |
5. Impact of Disease States on Coronary Circulation |
301 |
||
6. The Coronary Microcirculation in Hypertophic States |
305 |
||
7. Summary |
|
306 |
|
References |
|
307 |
|