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Published by

Imperial College Press

57 Shelton Street

Covent Garden

London WC2H 9HE

Distributed by

World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.

5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224

USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601

UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

MODERN CONCEPTS IN ANGIOGENESIS

Copyright © 2007 by Imperial College Press

All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher.

For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher.

ISBN-13 978-1-86094-763-6

ISBN-10 1-86094-763-8

Typeset by Stallion Press

Email: enquiries@stallionpress.com

Printed in Singapore.

CONTENTS

Contributors

xiii

Preface

xix

I Components of Angiogenic Cascades

Chapter 1. Semaphorins, Plexins and Neuropilins and

 

Their Role in Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis

1

Gera Neufeld, Niva Shraga-Heled, Tali Lange and Ofra Kessler

 

1.

Introduction and Historical Perspective

1

2.

The Semaphorins

3

3.

The Plexin Receptor Family

4

4.

The Neuropilins

6

5.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors and Their Receptors

8

6.

Signal Transduction by Neuropilins

11

7.

The Role of the Neuropilins in the Regulation of

 

 

Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis

14

8.

Modulation of Angiogenesis by Semaphorins that Bind

 

 

Directly to Plexins

17

Acknowledgments

17

References

17

v

vi

Contents

 

Chapter 2. EPH Receptors and Ephrins

27

Elena B. Pasquale

 

1.

Introduction

27

2.

Effects on Vascular Cell Behavior and Signaling Pathways

32

3.

Endothelial Cell Fate

42

4.

Angiogenic Remodeling of Embryonic Blood Vessels

43

5.

Lymphatic Vessels

49

6.

Adult Vasculature

50

7.

Targeting Eph Receptor-Ephrin Interactions

 

 

to Modulate Angiogenesis

58

8.

Perspectives

59

Acknowledgments

60

References

60

Chapter 3. The FGF Family of Angiogenic Growth Factors

67

Patrick Auguste and Andreas Bikfalvi

 

1.

Introduction

67

2.

Molecular Mechanisms

68

3.

Role in Vascular Development

73

4.

FGFs in Tumor Angiogenesis

75

5.

Role of FGFs in Developmental and Tumor

 

 

Lymphangiogenesis

78

6.

Role in Repair-Associated Angiogenesis and Ischemia

 

 

Revascularization

78

7.

Conclusion

80

Acknowledgments

81

References

81

Chapter 4. Neuropeptide Y: Neurogenic Mediator of

 

 

Angiogenesis and Arteriogenesis

91

Joanna B. Kitlinska and Zofia Zukowska

 

1.

The NPY System

91

2.

NPY as a Growth Factor for Vascular Cells

93