Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Mechanisms of the Glaucomas_Shields, Tombran-Tink, Barnstable_2008

Glaucoma model cynomologous monkey, 464 DBA/2J mouse, 464 monkey, 461, 481

mouse, 461 rat, 460

Glaucoma ocular blood flow, 503 Glaucoma progression analysis (GPA), 534 Glaucomatous

astrocytes, 382 eyes, 473

neurodegeneration, 398, 426, 431 optic atrophy, 503

optic nerve, 51, 74, 126

optic neuropathy (GON), 20, 517 retina, 464

visual field loss (GVFL), 20 GLC1E, 245, 293

GLC1I, 192 GLC3A, B, C, 235

Glial activation, 400, 464 Glial cell, 364, 463

Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), 400, 463, 666

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), 364, 396, 400, 427

Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), 379 Glutamate excitotoxicity, 402 Glutamine synthetase, 427 Glutaredoxin, 121

Glutathione (GSH), 382 Glutathione

(GSH)-independent/NADPH-dependent routes, 379

Glutathione-S-transferases, 121 Glycation, 426

Glycerol (osmoglyn), 628

Glycosaminoglycans, 104 Golgi apparatus, 249

Gonioscopic examination, 85, 109, 148, 177 Goniosynechiolysis or filtration surgery, 171 Gpnmb, 195, 584

G protein-coupled receptors, 367 G proteins, 371

Grant’s syndrome, 160

Granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), 587

Granulocytes, 586

Granulomatosis, 143

Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), 140

GRP1 Ras GDP/GTP exchange factor, 371 GTF3A transcription factor IIIA, 250 GTPase-activating proteins, 369, 371

GTPase RAB8, 251

Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), 369 Guillain-Barre, 281

H

Haab’s striae, 198

Heat shock proteins (hsp), 121, 402 Heidelberg retina tomography (HRT), 68, 480 Hemorrhage, 85, 143

Herpes simplex virus, 90, 160 Herpes zoster, 160

High axial myopia, 176 Higher visual centers, 397

High-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), 174

High-tension glaucoma, 503 HLA-DOß, 464

HLA-DR, 396, 464 Hoffman Elbow , 724

Homeostatic feed-back mechanism, 338 Homeostatic response, 339

HSP72 activity, 433

Human neuronal olfactomedin A, 348 Humphrey-automated perimetry, 276 Huntington’s disease, 250 Hydrodynamic outflow resistance, 222 Hydrogen peroxide, 319

Hydrostatic compression, 335 Hydrostatic pressure (HP), 335, 366

8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), 319 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal (HNE), 379 Hyperopia, 197

Hyperosmotic agents, 628 Hyperthyroidism, 140 Hyphema, 95, 131 Hypoxic disorder, 83

I

Iatrogenic factors, 167 Idiosyncratic drug, 183 IGF-II gene, 282 Immune dysfunction, 586

Incisional IOP lowering, 695

Incisional peripheral iridectomy (IPI), 169 Infectious iridocyclitis, 160 Inflammation, 161, 586

Inflammatory membrane, 83 Inflammatory nodules, 92

Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), 670 Innate and acquired immune responses, 587 Inner wall sheath-derived plaque, 316 Insoluble aggregates, 318

Insufficient mydriasis, 117

Insulin, 646

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF), 84, 282, 400 Integrin receptors, 371

Interferon- (IFN- , 401, 587 Interferon- , 88

Interferon- (IFN- -inducing factor, 587 Interleukin-1 (IL-1), 278

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra), 278 Interleukin-2 (IL-2), 257

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), 342 Interleukin-18 (IL-18), 195, 580, 587 Interleukin IL–1ß, 278

Internal carotid aneurysm, 143 Interruption of axonal transport, 404 Interstitial keratitis, 96

Intraocular pressure (IOP), 4, 51, 65, 84, 167, 192, 292, 312, 430, 460, 580, 657

Intraoperative hemorrhage, 131 Intraorbital abscess, 143 Intrasinusal thrombolysis, 143

Intrinsic (mitochondria-mediated) pathway, 402 Iridectomy, 131, 707

Iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome, 89, 159 Iridocyclitis, 160

Iridogoniodysgenesis, 198 Iridoschisis, 92 Iridotomy, 181

Iris

atrophy, 337, 581, 591 depigmentation, 95 hypoperfusion, 122 hypoplasia, 198 ischemia, 51

lens diaphragm, 143 melanomas, 92 nevus syndrome, 92

pigment epithelium, 579 stroma, 85

Ischemia/hypoxia, 122, 399 Ischemic optic neuropathy, 143 Isopropyl unoprostone, 626

8-Iso prostaglandin E2, 8-iso PGE2), 556

J

JAK/TYK tyrosine kinases, 665

Juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG), 195, 624 Juxtacanalicular area, 198

Juxtacanalicular outflow pathways, 222 Juxtacanalicular tissue (JCT), 124, 473

K

Kainate (KA) receptors, 605

Kelly Descemet’s, 706

Keratic precipitates (KPs), 160

Koniocellular (K), 397

Krukenberg spindle, 579

Krupin implant, 720

L

LALES, 12

Lamina cribrosa, 64, 364, 459, 483, 553, 556 Laminar trabeculae, 483

Laminin, 314, 603

Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), 169 Laser photocoagulation, 461

Laser trabeculoplasty, 142 Latanoprost, 130, 623, 688

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN), 397 Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy, 646 Lens

dislocation, 169 induced glaucoma, 95

iris diaphragm, 128, 150, 182 opacities, 130

subluxation and perforation, 117, 552 zonulas, 117, 128

Leptomeningeal angioma, 145 Levobunolol, 618

Limbal incision, 697, 709 Lipid rafts, 221

Liquid chromatography-based peptide separation, 426

Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS), 428, 444

LMP2 gene, 280

Long-spacing collagen bundles, 105 Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), 317 Low vision, 50

Luminance pedestal flicker (LPF), 539 Lysyl oxidase-like 1 gene (LOXL1), 196

M

Macro-scale, continuum finite elements (FE), 483 Macular edema, 95

Magnetic resonance imaging, 143 Magnocellular, 397 MALDI-TOF/MS, 427 Malignant glaucoma, 181 Mannitol, 628

Marfan’s syndrome, 179 Matricellular proteins, 345 Matrix Gla (MGP), 339

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), 121, 196, 281, 341, 343, 345, 376, 474, 623

Mcl, 404

Mechanical stretch, 335, 350

Melanin dispersion, 117

Melanin granules, 129, 195, 579, 684 Melanosis, 92

Melanosomal toxicity, 591 Melbourne VIP, 10 Memantine, 629

Membrane-permeable analogues of cAMP, 602 Membrane-type frizzled-related protein

(MFRP), 197

Metabotrophic glutamate receptor, 250, 427 Metallothioneins, 342, 350 Methazolamide, 620

Metipranolol, 619 Microarrays, 333, 463

Microfibril-associated glycoprotein-1 (MAGP-1), 119

Microfibrillar associated glycoprotein 1(MAGP-1), 314

Microfibrillar system, 315

Microglia inhibitory factor (MIF), 405 Microglial activation, 463 Mineralization, 340

Misfolded proteins, 223, 318 Mitochondria, 319 Mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, 402

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), 366 Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase 1

(MEK1), 662 Mitomycin C (MMC), 700 Moderate glaucoma, 4 Molteno implant, 716, 720 Monooxygenase enzyme, 241 Morphogenesis, 281

Motion perimetry, 539 MT1-MMP, 376 Mucopolysaccharide, 141 Muller cells, 299, 396

Multifocal visual-evoked potentials, 541 Multiple sclerosis, 281

Myasthenia gravis, 281 Mydriasis, 51 Mydriatic drops, 167

Myelin-associated growth inhibitor Nogo, 409 Myelin-associateed glycoprotein (MAG), 409 Myeloperoxidase (MPO), 282

Myocilin (MYOC), 192, 206, 220, 275, 293, 339 Myopia, 56

Myosin, 373

Myosin VI (MYO6), 250

N

Na+/Ca++ exchanger, 400

Na+ channels, 365, 400

Na+/glutamate transporter, 365 Na+ homeostasis, 365

Na+/K+ATPase, 365

Na+-K+-ATPase pump, 400 NADH, 319 Nanophthalmos, 197

Nasal step, 291

National Long-Term Care Survey, 12 Necrotic cell death, 647

Neovascular glaucoma (NVG), 83, 159, 728 Neovascularization, 83, 161

Nerve growth factor (NGF), 400, 647, 658 Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM),

373, 520 Neural crest, 245 Neurofibromatosis, 92

Neuroretinal rim area, 124 Neuroretinal rim thinning, 461 Neurotoxicity, 434 Neurotrophic deprivation, 404

Neurotrophic factors, 292, 396, 602, 646 Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), 659 Neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5), 659 Neurotrophin-6 (NT-6), 660 Neurotrophin-7 (NT-7), 660 Neurotrophin receptors, 366

NFIL-6, 278

NF-kappaB, 278, 319, 401, 589 Nimodipine, 629

Nitric oxide (NO), 282, 400, 629

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), 279, 282, 366, 401 NK cells, 586

Nmb gene, 584 NMDA, 405, 605

Non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), 296

Non-myelinated ONH, 364

Non-pigmented ciliary epithelium (NPCE), 240, 249, 316

Non-receptor tyrosine kinases (nrPTK), 366 Nonselective adrenergic agonists, 616

Normal tension glaucoma (NTG), 194, 245, 503 Nystagmus, 143

O

Ocular

blood flow, 504

hypertension (OHT), 144, 206, 473 hypertension treatment study (OHTS), 363 inflammation, 88

neuromyotonia, 143 pain, 291

rigidity, 312

Oligodendrocyte/MAG (OMgp), 409 OPA1, 194

Opaque sheets, 93

Open-angle glaucoma. See Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)

Ophthalmic artery occlusion, 143 Ophthalmic artery pressure, 498 Ophthalmodynamometry, 139 Ophthalmoplegia, 143

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), 67, 175, 481, 530, 562

Optic disk cupping, 461, 518 Optic disk edema, 149 Optic disk hemorrhage, 293 Optic disk pallor, 124

Optic nerve degeneration, 394 Optic nerve head

astrocytes, 249 biomechanics, 480 blood flow, 479, 519

individual-specific modeling, 481 oxidative metabolism, 499 parametric modeling, 481

Optic nerve head (ONH), 64, 292, 364, 478, 517, 553

Optic nerve oxygen tension, 494, 506 Optic nerve regeneration, 406

Optic neuropathy, 129, 646

Optineurin (OPTN), 192, 205, 235, 245, 275, 293, 348

Orbital apex syndrome, 143 Orbital cellulites, 143 Osteoblast-specific factor 2, 340 Osteogenic genes, 350 Osteomodulin, 340

Ostium, 706

Outer mitochondrial membrane, 403 Outflow facility, 312

Outflow system, 222 OX42 protein, 463 Oxidation, 426

Oxidative phosphorylation, 319 Oxidative protein modification, 433 Oxidative stress, 122, 318 2D-oxyblot, 432

P

p38 MAPK pathway, 401 p53, 277

p75NTR, 660

Pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP), 88, 183, 728 Papillary block, 196

Papilledema, 646

Paracentesis, 703

Paralytic mydriasis or miosis, 143 Parasympathomimetics, 621 Parkinson’s disease, 320

Pars plana, 724

Pars plana vitrectomy, 84 Parvocellular, 397

PAX6 transcription factor, 200 Paxillin, 221, 373

Pediatric glaucomas, 731 Penetrating keratoplasty, 163

Peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PAD2), 448 Periorbital edema, 144

Periorbital and eyelid edema, 141

Peripheral anterior synechia (PAS), 51, 87, 159, 168, 581, 730

Peripheral mantle, 315 Peri-pupillary vessels, 85 Peroxynitrate, 401

Peter’s anomaly, 198, 235, 246 Phacodonesis, 117 Phacoemulsification, 131 Phacolytic glaucoma, 95, 178

Phenyldi (carboxymethylester) phosphine, 650 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), 366,

662, 666

Phospholipase C (PLC , 666 Phosphorescence quenching imaging

technique, 496 Phosphorylation, 426 Photocoagulation of the trabecular

meshwork, 464

Photopic threshold response (PhNR), 565 Pigmentary glaucoma, 112, 195, 475, 580 Pigment-containing macrophages, 586 Pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS), 127, 132,

195, 337, 478, 579, 581

Pigment epithelium-derived growth factor (PEDF), 84

Pigment granules, 109 Pilocarpine, 178, 622

PITX transcription factors, 199, 200 Plateau iris, 168, 175 Platelet-derived growth factor, 84

Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), 365 Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)

receptor, 366

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 240 Poly-L-lysine, 603

Posner Schlossman syndrome, 95 Posterior elastic-like tendons, 315 Posterior polymorphous dystrophy (PPD),

90, 162

Posterior scleritis, 183 Posterior segment tumors, 313 Posterior shunts, 716 Posterior synechia, 117, 171 Post-Golgi membranes, 251 Preglaucoma, 85

Prerubeosis, 85

Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), 51, 63, 191, 196

incidence, 52 prevalence, 52 risk factors, 53

Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), 197 Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), 3, 4,

19, 63, 85, 191, 205, 363, 473, 519, 688, 695

incidence, 55 prevalence, 4, 23, 55 risk Factors, 56

Prognostic factors, 293 Programed cell death, 292

Progressive deafness disorder (DFNA-9), 320, 444

Progressive (essential) iris atrophy, 89, 162 Proinflammatory cytokines, 121 Proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 84 Proliferative retinopathy, 149

Proptosis, 141

Prostaglandin F-2 receptors, 281 Prostaglandin analogs, 144, 611, 623, 744 Prostaglandins, 142, 367, 556

Protein disulfide isomerase, 341 Protein glycation, 436

Protein kinases (MAPK), 589 Protein phosphorylation, 434 Protein tyrosine kinases, 366 Proteoglycans, 350

2D Proteome map, 427 Proteomics, 425

Proteosomal degradation, 223

Proteosome 26S subunit 4 (PSMD4), 341, 352 Proteosome activity, 321

Proyecto VER, 12

Psudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX), 40, 73, 107, 117, 179, 196, 247

Pseudofacility, 312 Pseudo-plateau iris, 78 Ptosis, 143

Pupillary dilation, 124, 552

Q

Q368STOP mutation, 208

Quiescent astrocytes, 364

R

RAB8 GTPase, 251

Rac1 GTPase, 369 Rarebit perimetry, 541

RASA2 GTPase-activating protein, 371 Ras p21, 371

Ras superfamily, 369 Reactive astrocytes, 365 Reactive fibrosis, 107

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), 318, 647 Receptor NgR, 409

Recombinant myocilin, 222 Recruitment of microglia, 405

Retina ganglion cells (RGCs), 277, 364, 372, 426, 463, 478, 582, 601, 645, 657

Retinal capillary nonperfusion, 85 Retinal dehydrogenase, 243

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons, 394, 517 Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, 393, 396, 647 Retinal glial dysfunction, 396

Retinal hemorrhage, 149, 552 Retinal ischemia, 84

Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), 66 Retinal protein oxidation, 433 Retinal vasodilatations, 149 Retinoic acid (RA), 243

Retinol dehydrogenase, 243 Retrobulbar tumors, 35, 144 Reykjavik Eye Study, 35

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 84 Rheolytic thrombectomy, 143 Rhodopsin, 427

Rho signaling pathway, 370 Rieger’s anomaly, 236, 245 Rim/disk ratio, 124

Ring finger protein 11 (RNF11), 250 ROS-scavenging enzyme, 318 Rotterdam Eye Study, 10, 21, 35 Rubeosis iridis, 150

Rubeosis iridis or NVI, 83

S

Sampaolesi’s line, 127 Saprachoroidal fluid, 144 SC58236 Cox-2 inhibitor, 367

Scanning laser polarimetry (GDx), 66, 530, 562 Scanning laser tomography (HRT), 529 Schlemm’s canal, 99, 124, 151, 316, 461, 711, 744 Schlemm’s endothelial cells (SCEs), 687 Schocket implant, 724

Schwalbe’s line, 127, 686 Scleral aqueous veins, 125 Scleral flap, 706

Index

Scleral spur, 100 Sclerocanalectomy, 131 Sclerothalamotomy, 743

Scotopic threshold response (STR), 565 Secondary angle-closure glaucoma, 337 Secondary glaucoma, 57

Secretogranin II, 343

Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT), 683 Selective 2-adrenergic agonists, 616 Selective -blockers, 619

Sepsis, 143

Septic CS thrombosis, 142 SGLT1, 281 Sheath-derived plaques, 315 Sheer stress, 447

Short-wavelength automated perimetry, 534 Sickle-cell retinopathy, 84

Signal transduction activator of transcription (STAT3), 665

Single-probe technology, 346 Slit-lamp examination, 85, 168 Sluggish pupil, 291

SMAD signaling pathway, 251, 377 Smurf2, 379

Soluble IL-2 receptor, 258 SPARC, 221

Spatial vision acuity, 583, 594

Standard achromatic perimetry (SAP), 67, 534

Staphylococcus aureus, 142 Stereoscopic assessment, 66 Steroid-induced glaucoma, 95 Stromelysin (MMP3), 339 Sturge-Weber syndrome, 144 Subluxation, 179

Substance P, 342, 350

Superoxide dismutase, 122, 342, 350, 379, 382 Suprachoroidal space, 744

Surrounding sclera, 483 Susanna device, 716 Syntaxin, 427

Systemic corticosteroids, 143

T

TAP genes, 278, 279, 280 T-cell activation, 257, 586

T-cell activation WD repeat protein (TA-WDRP), 257

T-cell-mediated immunity, 258 Temporal wedge, 291 Tenascin, 350

Tendency Oriented Perimetry (TOP), 534 Tenon’s insertion, 699

TGF-superfamily, 251

761

Thiol oxidation, 647 Thrombospondin–1, 221, 375 Thy–1, 427

Thyroid dysfunction, 142 Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor

(TSHR), 140 Thyrotoxicosis, 140 Timolol, 130, 618 Tissue culture, 335

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), 121, 376, 474, 589

Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), 143 T-lymphocyte, 258

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, 143 Topical drugs, 613

Topical steroids, 696 Toxemia, 143 Toxoplasmosis, 160 Trabecular bypass, 743

Trabecular meshwork (TM), 51, 99, 100, 163, 249, 459, 461, 552, 555, 616, 630, 684, 695

Trabecular meshwork TM endothelial cells (TMEs), 687

Trabecular meshwork (TM)-induced glucocorticoid response (TIGR), 195, 206

Trabecular meshwork TM sheath-derived plaques, 316

Trabeculectomy, 88, 107, 180, 697, 716 Trabeculitis, 159

Trabeculodysgeneses, 235 Trace metals, 319

Transcranial venous Doppler ultrasonography, 143 Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF- , 365 Transforming growth factor beta (TGF- , 121,

314, 365, 556 Trans-synaptic degeneration, 398 Traumatic iridocyclitis, 160 Travoprost, 623, 625 Trialkylphosphines, 648 Tricuspid incompetence, 144

Tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP), 648

TrkB receptor, 408 Tropoelastin, 119 Tropomodulin, 350

Tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk), 660 Troxerutin, 88

Tube-shunts, 715

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFreceptors, 400, 559

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- , 84, 250, 278, 400, 587

Tumor-suppressor protein, 277

Tunnel vision, 292 Type II collagen, 446

Type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLPIII), 296 Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (Tyrp1), 195, 580

U

Ubiquination, 223 Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, 121 Ultrafiltration component, 313 Ultrasonography, 143

Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), 168 Unfolded protein response, 225 Unilateral uveitis, 95

Unoprostone, 623 Uveal congestion, 149

Uveoscleral drainage agents, 151

Uveoscleral outflow, 281, 313, 461, 616, 623, 744

V

Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs), 278 Vascular

autoregulation, 503 calcification, 339 malformations, 146 permeability, 342

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 84, 161, 342, 728

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), 630 Vasodepressors, 167

Venous stasis, 143

Vimentin, 427 Visual acuity, 143

Visual field defects, 4, 291

Visual field testing with kinetic (Goldmann) perimetry, 25

Visually evoked potentials (VEP), 565 Vitamin K-dependent protein, 339 Vitrectomy, 708

Vitronectin, 119

VMD2 gene (Bestrophin), 197 Voltage-gated calcium channels, 365, 400 Voltage-gated chloride channels, 348 vWFA domains, 444

W

Wallerian degeneration, 645 Water channel AQP4, 365

WD repeat domain 36 (WDR36), 192, 206, 235, 253, 255, 257, 293

Weill-Marchesani syndrome, 179 Werner’s syndrome, 317

X

Xenobiotic metabolism, 236, 240

Z

Zinc endo-proteinases, 589

Zippy Estimation of Sequential Thresholds (ZEST), 534