Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Moorfields Manual of Ophthalmology_Jackson_2007

Michael Merriman

7: GLAUCOMA: Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome, Pigment Dispersion

Syndrome, Traumatic Glaucoma

Michel Michaelides

12: PAEDIATRICS: Anterior Segment Dysgenesis, Reduced Vision with an Otherwise Normal Examination

Moin Mohammed

10: MEDICAL RETINA: Photography

A. T. Moore

12: PAEDIATRICS: Chapter review

Prithvi Mruthyunjaya

9: OCULAR ONCOLOGY

Ian Murdoch

7: GLAUCOMA: Optometry and General Practice guidelines

Anil Nambiar

7: GLAUCOMA: Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty, Neovascular

Glaucoma, Uveitic Glaucoma

Winifred Nolan

7: GLAUCOMA: Gonioscopy

Narciss Okhravi

6: CATARACT SURGERY: Difficult Cases 8: UVEITIS: Chapter review

Carlos E. Pavesio

8: UVEITIS: Chapter review

Gordon T. Plant

14: NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY

Maria Papadopoulos

7: GLAUCOMA: Congenital Glaucoma, Bleb-Related Infection,

xviPrimary Angle Closure

xviii

Preface

This book was written for those who treat eye disease. It brings together the advantages of a handbook, and high quality images that are critical to a specialty that relies so heavily on pattern recognition. The chapters are organized into the main ophthalmic subspecialties. They start with any relevant background information, such as examination techniques, and go on to provide precise treatment algorithms for all the common or serious eye conditions. Key operations or procedures are given within the chapter as required. The chapters end with guidance notes for optometrists and general practitioners, to help them prioritize referrals.

Whilst maintaining this structural backbone, there is some flexibility. For example, some retinal diagnoses can be challenging and the Medical Retina chapter offers a large section dealing with the differential diagnosis of clinical signs. By contrast, the diagnosis of cataract is usually straightforward, but its removal may not be, hence an entire chapter dedicated to cataract surgery.

The main advantage of this book is that brings together a wealth of experience, with more than 60 contributors, many of whom are world-renowned experts in their field. These key authors have shown a remarkable ability to distil their knowledge into such a compact format.

It is hoped that this edition will not be the last, and I welcome any suggestions from junior or senior readers, via tim.jackson@ kch.nhs.uk.

Timothy L. Jackson

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to everyone who contributed, in particular, Jill Bloom in the Medicines Information Department who checked drug dosages and usage, Patricia McElhatton at The National Teratology Information Service for reviewing the appendix on drug use in pregnancy, and David Verity and Kulwant Sehmi who both provided a large number of images from their photographic libraries. Thanks to Ian Balmer, Chief Executive, for authorising the project, and Terry Tarrant who provided the hospital with high quality retinal artwork that was used in Chapter 11. Martin Snead of Addenbrooke’s Hospital reviewed the section on Hereditary Vitreoretinal Degenerations. I am grateful to all the team at Elsevier including Alex Mortimer, Andy Chapman, Merlyn Harvey, and in particular Russell Gabbedy and Rory MacDonald. Finally, special thanks to Lisa Orpwood.

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Chapter 1

OCULOPLASTICS

Eyelid Anatomy Revision

Surface anatomy

■The upper lid margin lies 1–2 mm below the upper corneal limbus.

■The lower lid margin is at the level of the lower corneal limbus.

■The vertical palpebral fissure measures 7–12 mm.

■The upper lid peak lies just nasal to the centre of the pupil.

■The lower lid peak is just lateral to the pupil.

■ The adult upper lid crease lies 7–10 mm above the lid margin on downgaze.

■The lateral angle between the two lids is about 2 mm higher than the rounded medial angle, which contains the caruncle lacrimalis, and the plica semilunaris.

Blood supply

■Dual anastomoses of the lateral and medial palpebral arteries in each lid.

■Anastomoses with the facial arterial networks.

■Posterior conjunctival artery.

Lymphatic drainage

■The lateral two-thirds of the lids drain to the superficial parotid nodes.

■The medial lids drain to the submandibular nodes.

1

Tarsal plates

■Provide stability to the lids.

■Length is 25 mm, thickness 1 mm, and maximum (central)

2height 10 mm (upper tarsus) and 4 mm (lower tarsus).