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Файл:Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Master Techniques in Blepharoplasty and Periorbital Rejuvenation_Massry, Murphy, Azizzadeh_2011.pdf
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- •Foreword
- •Foreword
- •Preface
- •Contents
- •Contributors
- •1.1 Introduction
- •1.2 Blepharoplasty
- •1.3 Forehead Lift
- •1.4 Midface
- •1.5 Conclusion
- •References
- •2.1 Introduction
- •2.2 Facial Proportions
- •2.3 Forehead
- •2.4 Eyebrows
- •2.5 Eyelid
- •2.5.1 Topography
- •2.5.2 Lamellae
- •2.5.3 Upper Eyelid Retractors
- •2.5.4 Tarsus
- •2.5.5 Lower Eyelid
- •2.6 Midface
- •2.6.1 Topography
- •2.6.2 Soft Tissue Lamellae
- •2.6.3 Nasojugal Groove
- •2.6.4 Malar Region
- •2.6.5 Nasolabial Region
- •2.7 Facial Vasculature, Innervation, and Lymphatic Drainage
- •2.8 Conclusion
- •References
- •3.1 Introduction
- •3.2 Specific Anatomic Subunits
- •3.3 Conclusion
- •References
- •4.1 Introduction
- •4.3 Examination of the Brow and Upper Eyelid Continuum
- •4.4 Examination of the Lower Eyelid and Cheek Continuum
- •4.5 Conclusion
- •References
- •5: Oculofacial Anesthesia
- •5.1 Introduction
- •5.2 Topical Anesthesia
- •5.2.1 Eye Drops
- •5.2.2 Topical Skin Creams
- •5.3 Local Injectable Anesthesia
- •5.4 Tumescent Anesthesia
- •5.5 Oral Sedation
- •5.6 Monitored Anesthesia Care
- •5.7 General Anesthesia
- •5.8 Issues for Consideration
- •5.9 Postoperative Care
- •5.10 Regional Nerve Blocks
- •5.11 Sensory Blocks
- •5.12 Conclusion
- •References
- •6: The Open Approach to Forehead Lifting
- •6.1 Introduction
- •6.2 Background
- •6.3 Anatomy
- •6.4 Preoperative Assessment
- •6.5 Technique
- •6.6 Postoperative Care
- •6.7 Complications
- •6.8 Conclusion
- •References
- •7.1 Introduction
- •7.2 Forehead and Temporal Anatomy
- •7.3 Aesthetics and Aging
- •7.4 Patient Selection
- •7.5 Instrumentation
- •7.5.1 Technique
- •7.5.2 Complications
- •7.6 Conclusion
- •References
- •8: Direct Brow Lift: An Aesthetic Approach
- •8.1 Introduction
- •8.2 Direct Eyebrow Lift
- •8.3 The Limited Lateral Supraciliary Eyebrow Lift Procedure
- •8.5 Scar Management
- •8.6 Conclusion
- •References
- •9: Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty
- •9.1 Introduction
- •9.2 Anatomic Eyelid and Periorbital Considerations
- •9.3 Assessing Patients’ Concerns
- •9.4 Patient History
- •9.5 Patient Examination
- •9.6 Preparation for Surgery
- •9.7 Anesthesia
- •9.8 The Surgical Prep
- •9.9 The Surgery
- •9.10 Postoperative Management
- •9.11 Complications
- •9.12 Conclusion
- •References
- •10.1 Introduction
- •10.2 Anatomical Considerations and Preoperative Evaluation
- •10.3 Internal Brow Fat Sculpting and Elevation
- •10.3.1 Surgical Technique
- •10.4 Glabellar Myectomy
- •10.4.1 Surgical Technique
- •10.5 Lacrimal Gland Prolapse
- •10.5.1 Surgical Technique
- •10.6 Conclusion
- •References
- •11.1 Introduction
- •11.2 Complications
- •11.2.1 Hemorrhage
- •11.2.1.1 Eyelid Hematoma
- •Medical Management
- •Surgical Management
- •11.2.1.2 Retrobulbar/Intraorbital Hemorrhage
- •Medical Management
- •Surgical Management
- •11.2.2 Vision Loss
- •11.2.2.1 Orbital Compartment Syndrome
- •11.2.2.2 Globe Rupture/Perforation
- •Medical Management
- •Surgical Management
- •11.2.2.3 Corneal Abrasion
- •Medical Management
- •Surgical Management
- •11.2.3 Infection
- •11.2.3.1 Medical Management
- •11.2.3.2 Surgical Management
- •11.3 Surgical Complications
- •11.3.1 Lagophthalmos
- •11.3.1.1 Medical Management
- •11.3.1.2 Surgical Management
- •11.3.2 Dry Eye Syndrome
- •11.3.2.1 Medical Management
- •11.3.2.2 Surgical Management
- •11.3.3 Lacrimal Gland Injury
- •11.3.3.1 Medical Management
- •11.3.3.2 Surgical Management
- •11.3.4 Ptosis
- •11.3.4.1 Medical Management
- •11.3.4.2 Surgical Management
- •11.3.5 Diplopia
- •11.3.5.1 Medical Management
- •11.3.5.2 Surgical Management
- •11.3.6 Sulcus Deformity
- •11.3.6.1 Medical Management
- •11.3.6.2 Surgical Management
- •11.4 Incision Irregularities
- •11.4.1 Canthal Webbing
- •11.4.1.1 Medical Management
- •11.4.1.2 Surgical Management
- •11.4.2 Scarring
- •11.4.2.1 Medical Management
- •11.4.2.2 Surgical Management
- •11.4.3 Suture Milia
- •11.4.3.1 Medical Management
- •11.4.3.2 Surgical Management
- •11.5 Asymmetry
- •11.5.1 Lid Crease and Fold
- •11.5.1.1 Medical Management
- •11.5.1.2 Surgical Management
- •11.5.2 Skin
- •11.5.2.1 Medical Management
- •11.5.2.2 Surgical Correction
- •11.5.3.1 Medical Management
- •11.5.3.2 Surgical Management
- •11.5.4 Brow Position
- •11.5.4.1 Medical Management
- •11.5.4.2 Surgical Treatment
- •11.5.5 Undercorrection/Overcorrection
- •11.5.5.1 Medical Management
- •11.5.5.2 Surgical Management
- •11.6 Unrealized Patient Expectations
- •11.7 Conclusion
- •References
- •12.1 Introduction
- •12.2 Ptosis Repair: Which Approach?
- •12.3 Patient Evaluation
- •12.4 Anatomy
- •12.5 Procedure
- •12.6 Complications
- •12.7 Conclusion
- •References
- •13.1 Introduction
- •13.2 Preoperative Evaluation
- •13.2.1 Degree of Eyelid Ptosis
- •13.2.2 Levator Muscle Function
- •13.2.3 Phenylephrine Test
- •13.3 Anesthesia
- •13.4 Surgical Technique
- •13.4.1 Step 1: Eyelid Marking for Upper Blepharoplasty
- •13.4.2 Step 2: Instilling Local Anesthetic for Upper Blepharoplasty
- •13.4.3 Step 3: Performing the Frontal Block
- •13.4.4 Step 4: Placement of the Traction Suture
- •13.4.5 Step 5: Measuring Amount of Resection
- •13.4.6 Step 6: Separation of Conjunctiva and Müller’s Muscle
- •13.4.7 Step 7: Placement of the Ptosis Clamp
- •13.4.8 Step 8: Preventing Inappropriate Ptosis Clamp Placement
- •13.4.9 Step 9: Passage of Suture
- •13.4.10 Step 10: Excision of Conjunctiva and Müller’s Muscle
- •13.4.11 Step 11: Closure of Conjunctival Wound
- •13.4.12 Step 12: Burying the Suture Knot
- •13.4.13 Step 13: Completion of Upper Blepharoplasty
- •13.5 Postoperative Management
- •13.6 Complications
- •13.7 Conclusion
- •References
- •14.1 Introduction
- •14.2 Anatomic Considerations of the Asian Upper Eyelid
- •14.2.1 Musculature
- •14.2.2 Orbital Septum
- •14.2.3 Orbital Fat
- •14.2.4 Levator Palpebrae Superioris
- •14.3 Modern Management of the Upper Eyelid
- •14.5 Strategies for the Aging Asian Eyelid
- •14.5.1 Asians with a Natural Crease
- •14.5.2 Asians Without a Crease
- •14.5.3 Asians with Prior Surgery for Supratarsal Crease Formation
- •14.6 Eyelid Crease Formation
- •14.6.1 Preoperative Eye Evaluation and Crease Positioning
- •14.6.2 Surgical Marking
- •14.6.3 Anesthesia
- •14.6.4 Surgical Technique
- •14.6.4.1 Levator-to-Skin Fixation
- •14.6.5 Postoperative Care
- •14.7 Conclusion
- •References
- •15.1 Introduction
- •15.2 Patient Selection
- •15.3 Patient Examination
- •15.4 Eyelid Position and Laxity
- •15.5 Revision Patients
- •15.6 Festoons and Malar Edema
- •15.7 Patient Expectations and Psychology
- •15.8 Important Surgical Anatomy
- •15.9 Operative Technique
- •15.10 Fat Transposition
- •15.11 Lower Eyelid Tightening
- •15.12 Skin Resurfacing
- •15.13 Postoperative Care
- •15.14 Complications and Management
- •15.14.1 Milia
- •15.14.2 Dry Eye/Chemosis
- •15.14.3 Hematoma
- •15.14.4 Eyelid Malposition/Ectropion
- •15.15 Conclusion
- •References
- •16.1 Introduction
- •16.2 Lower Eyelid Anatomy
- •16.3 Eyelid Analysis/Preoperative Evaluation
- •16.5 Postoperative Care
- •16.6 Complications
- •16.7 Conclusion
- •References
- •17.1 Introduction
- •17.2 Canthal Anatomy
- •17.3 Patient Evaluation for Canthal Surgery
- •17.4 Surgical Techniques
- •17.4.1 Canthoplasty (Lateral Tarsal Strip)
- •17.4.2 Modified Canthoplasty
- •17.4.3 Canthopexy (Muscle suspension)
- •17.4.4 The Prominent Globe
- •17.5 Postoperative Care
- •17.6 Complications
- •17.7 Conclusion
- •References
- •18.1 Introduction
- •18.2 Anatomy of the Eyelid and Cheek
- •18.4 Presentation
- •18.5 Preoperative Evaluation
- •18.6 Surgical Procedures
- •18.7 Surgical Technique
- •18.7.1 Scar Lysis and Mobilization
- •18.7.2 Midface Elevation
- •18.7.3 Graft Placement
- •18.7.4 Lateral Canthal Resuspension
- •18.7.5 Eyelid Splinting and Casting
- •18.8 Conclusion
- •References
- •19: Laser Management of Festoons
- •19.1 Introduction
- •19.2 Laser Tissue Interactions
- •19.4 Treatment Protocols
- •19.5 Complications
- •19.6 Conclusion
- •References
- •20: Midface and Lower Eyelid Rejuvenation
- •20.1 Introduction
- •20.2 The Midface
- •20.3 Why I Prefer the Subperiosteal Face Lift
- •20.4 Patient Selection
- •20.5 Indications
- •20.6 Preoperative Preparation
- •20.7 Aesthetic Considerations
- •20.8 Technique
- •20.9 Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty
- •20.10 Fat Grafting
- •20.12 Summary
- •References
- •21: Face Implants in Aesthetic Surgery
- •21.1 Introduction
- •21.2 Midface Treatment Options
- •21.3 Diagnosis and Implant Selection
- •21.4 Surgical Procedure
- •21.5 Postoperative Care and Healing
- •21.6 Implant Complications
- •21.7 Conclusion
- •21.8 Case Presentations
- •References
- •22: Periorbital Fat Grafting
- •22.1 Introduction
- •22.2 Analysis
- •22.2.1 Lower Eyelid
- •22.2.2 Upper Eyelid
- •22.3 Volume Source: Fat Versus Filler
- •22.4 Surgical Technique
- •22.4.1 General Considerations
- •22.4.2 Fat Harvest
- •22.4.3 Fat Processing
- •22.4.4 Fat Injection
- •22.5 Postoperative Considerations
- •22.6 Complications
- •22.7 Conclusion
- •References
- •23: Periorbital Laser Resurfacing
- •23.1 Introduction
- •23.2 History
- •23.3 Use of Resurfacing Lasers for Periorbital Resurfacing
- •23.4 Traditional Ablative Laser Resurfacing
- •23.7 Fractionated Laser Resurfacing
- •23.8 Technical Considerations: Nonablative Fractionated Laser
- •23.9 Posttreatment Care for Nonablative Fractionated Laser
- •23.10 Conclusion
- •24: Laser Incisional Eyelid Surgery
- •24.1 Introduction
- •24.2 History
- •24.3 Laser Incisions
- •24.4 Laser Safety
- •24.5 Upper Blepharoplasty
- •24.6 Lower Lid Transconjunctival Blepharoplasty
- •24.7 Ptosis Repair
- •24.8 Direct Brow Lift
- •24.10 Conclusion
- •References
- •25.1 Introduction
- •25.2 Review of Neuromodulators and Fillers: The Products
- •25.3 Treatments
- •25.3.1 Lateral Orbital Rhytids (Crow’s Feet)
- •25.3.2 Glabellar Complex
- •25.3.3 Frontalis Muscle
- •25.3.4 Nasojugal Groove/Tear Trough
- •25.4 Avoiding and Managing Complications
- •25.5 Conclusion
- •References
- •26: Management of the Prominent Eye
- •26.1 Introduction
- •26.2 Anatomic Associations of the Prominent Eye
- •26.3 Surgical Treatment of the Prominent Eye
- •26.3.1 Orbital Decompression Surgery
- •26.3.2 Cheek/Orbital Rim Implants
- •26.3.3 Repair of Eyelid Retraction
- •26.3.4 Upper Lid Retraction
- •26.3.5 Lower Lid Retraction
- •26.4 Cosmetic Treatment of the Tear Trough in the Prominent Eye
- •26.7 Conclusion
- •References
- •27.1 Introduction
- •27.2 Anti-metabolites
- •27.3 5-Fluorouracil
- •27.3.1 Mechanism of Action
- •27.3.2 Management
- •27.3.3 Safety
- •27.4 Corticosteroids
- •27.4.1 Mechanism of Action
- •27.4.2 Management
- •27.4.3 Safety
- •27.5 Fillers
- •27.5.1 Safety
- •27.6 Conclusions
- •References
- •28.1 History
- •28.3 Key Anatomic Features
- •28.4 Preoperative Assessment
- •28.5 Preoperative Care
- •28.6 Surgical Preparation and Technique
- •28.7 Postoperative Care
- •28.8 Potential Complications
- •28.9 Future Considerations
- •References
- •Index
20 Midface and Lower Eyelid Rejuvenation |
241 |
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