Index

Page numbers followed by f indicate figures. Those followed by t indicate tables.

Aberrometry

ingoing adjustable, 215–217 outgoing wavefront, 211–215 retinal image, 218

Acremonium astrogriseum, treatment of, 124 Adhesion complex, basement membrane, role of, 247

Advanced laser surgery ablation, hydrodissection/viscodissection, 89−109 alcohol application, 97–98, 98f

Azar-Camellin LASEK I & A trephine, 90

bladeless microkeratome flap retraction technique, 103–106 Burrato LASIK cannula, 96f

Camellin LASEK technique, 92 cannula, 65, 94–97, 94f

epithelial flap manipulation, 100–101 epithelial sanctity, 101–102

fluidic dissection, 97 GenTeal barrier, 102, 103f GenTeal viscodissection, 92f Guell LASIK cannula, 96f haze prevention, 102–103

hydroviscodissection mediae, 91–93 hydroviscodissection technique, 93–94 loosening epithelium, 97

McDonald McLasek cannula, 95f Melki M-LASEK alcohol well, 98f Merocel sponge, 98f, 103f mitomycin C, 102–103

contained within GenTeal barrier, 103f Rashid, 65, 94f

Seibel LASIK cannula, 95f Slade LASIK cannula, 93f “wow” phenomena, 89

Advanced stromal ablation, future of, 269–270 Advantages of LASEK over PRK, LASIK, 3–8 Aerobics, eye trauma in, 26

Aesthesiometry, corneal, 38

Alcohol, surface ablation without. See Epi LASIK Alcohol absorption, 59f

Alcohol-assisted epithelial flap reattached over PRK, 2

Index 382

Alcohol circulation, 58–59

Alcohol leakage, during surgery, 186 Alcohol solution cone, Janach, 55

Alcohol well, 55–57, 84f, 98f Janach, 56–57, 76ƒ, 84f Melki M-LASEK, 98f Shahinian, 55

Alcon LADARWave, 213

ALSA. See Advanced laser surgery ablation Aminoglycoside, organisms not covered by, 124t Amniotic membrane, 289–290

Asclepion MEL-80, 213

ASICO AE-2918. See Azar-Carones LASEK I & A trephine

Aspergillus flavus, treatment of, 124

Autologous serum, for haze reduction, after LASEK, 307–315 Automated refractors, 36

Azar-Camellin LASEK I & A trephine, 90 Azar-Carones LASEK I & A trephine, 55, 56, 56f Azar LASEK scissor, flap elevation by, 62f

Azar LASEK technique, 2, 3, 48f, 83, 317–322

Basement membrane, integrity of, 259 Basketball, eye trauma in, 26

Bausch & Lomb Technolas Planoscan, 213 Bausch & Lomb Zywave, 213 Bichromatic refraction test, 36–37 Bichromatic test, 36–37

Binocular balancing, 37 Biomicroscopic examination, 38

Bladeless microkeratome flap retraction technique, 103–106 Bow dissector, 79f

Burrato LASIK cannula, 96f

Butterfly LASEK, Vinciguerra technique, 2–3, 83–87, 85f

Cadaver bovine corneas, excimer laser application on, 2 Camellin LASEK technique, 2, 3, 63, 73–82, 92, 127

alcohol solution, 73–75

bow dissector, medium adherent epithelium, 79f dragging epithelium, 78f

edge detachment, 75–77 epithelial precut, 73 flap re-positioning, 79 flap sliding, 78–79 Johnston applanator, 81f lens removal, 79

microhoe, for detaching epithelium, 77f microtrephine, 74f

rotation, 75f PRK, 79

well, for containing alcohol solution, 75, 76f Cannulas, 65, 94–97, 94f

Index 383

Burrato, 96

Guell, 96 LASIK, Slade, 93 McDonald, 95 Rashid, 65, 94f Seibel, 95

Carones LASEK pump, 55, 56 OZ chambers, 55, 56, 56f Carones LASEK spatula, 61f

Centration, pupil, 28 Colvard pupillometer, 40f

Combining of elements of PRK, LASIK, in LASEK, 1 Compact placido-based corneal topographical unit, 42f

Complications of LASEK, 6, 13, 161–163, 183–192, 188f–191f, 195–203, 196–199f, 202f, 298–299 corneal haze, 190–191

corticosteroid-induced elevated intraocular pressure, 191 decentration, 192

glare/halos, 191–192 infections, 188 infiltrates, 188

laser-related complications, 190, 191–192 overcorrection, 190 undercorrection, 190

wound healing-related complications, 190–191

Complications of LASIK, 6, 13, 161–163, 183–193, 195–203, 298–299 Complications of PRK, 6, 13, 161–163, 183–203, 298–299

Cone, alcohol solution, Janach, 55

Conjunctiva, infection of, as contraindication for LASEK, 22 Consent to procedure, by patient, informed, 44

Contact lens application, 69–70 complications, 125t intolerance, 187–188 removal, 126

Contraindications to LASIK, 6, 22 Contraindications to PRK, 6 Contrast sensitivity, 43–44 Cornea

aesthesiometry, 38 curvatures, 27–28 diameters, small, 28

infection of, as contraindication for LASEK, 22 thickness, 27

tissue integrity, 27

wound healing cascade, 284f

Corneal basement membrane, molecular biology of, 253–256 Corneal epithelium. See Epithelium

Corneal haze. See Haze Corneal topography, 41–43

methods of measuring, 41

Corticosteroid-induced elevated intraocular pressure, 191 Cross-cylinder refraction, Jackson, 36

Index 384

Cruciform LASEK, 87 Curvatures, corneal, 27–28

Curvularis organisms, treatment of, 124 Custom ablation

disadvantages of, 232–233 healing variables, 232–233

stromal biomechanics poorly understood, 232 preliminary data-LASEK higher-order aberrations, 233 wavefront measurement, 225–230, 230–232

customized ablation, 229–230 flap biomechanics, 230–231 LASIK vs. PKR, 231–232 progression of technology, 225 topographic diagnostics, 229 wavefront diagnostics, 225–229

CustomCornea wavefront-guided PRK, 230f Customized corneal ablation, 2 Cycloplegia, 35

Cylindrical correction, refinement of, 37

Deposits on contact lens, 125 Desmosome, 256–257

Development of LASEK, history of, 1–3 Diameters, corneal, small, 28

Dry eye, 22, 28–29, 189 with contact lens, 125 PRK, LASIK compared, 6

Duochrome refraction test, 36–37 Duochrome test, 36–37

Dynamic skioloscopy, wavefront sensor principles, 217f schematic diagram, 217f

Elements of PRK, LASIK, combining of, in LASEK, 1 Elevation-based topographical unit, 42f

Elevation of flap drying time, 69

electron microscopy, 66–67, 67

epithelial sheets, electron microscopic analyses, 167 instrumentation, 69

irrigation, 67–69 reapproximation, 67–69

Enhancements, LASEK, 133–135 Enterovirus, treatment of, 124 Epi LASEK, 3

Epi LASIK, 115–121

Epithelial abrasion, after lens removal, 125 Epithelial cell viability in LASEK, 2

Epithelial defect management, postoperative, 126–127 Epithelial dehiscence, reattachment, after LASEK, 253–262 Epithelial flap.

See also Epithelium

Index 385

edge revelation, 60f generation of, 64f

hydrodissection/viscodissection, 89–109, 97–98, 98f inflammation of, 247

Epithelial ingrowth, 21 Epithelium

obtaining sheets of, 2

technique for obtaining sheets of, 2 ETDRS visual acuity chart, 34f Ethanol, preparation of, 51

Excimer Laser Delivery System, 213 External eye examination, 37

Eye examination, pre-procedure, 37

Firefighters, eye trauma in, 26

First LASEK procedure, performance of, 1 Fixation ring, globe, 56, 57, 57f

Flap breaks, 197 Flap elevation, 59–70

alternative techniques, 63–65 Azar LASEK technique, 60–63 drying time, 69

electron microscopy, 66–67, 67

epithelial sheets, electron microscopic analyses, 167 instrumentation, 69

irrigation, 67–69 LASEK spatulas, 59–60 reapproximation, 67–69

Flap hydrodissection, 89–109 Flap loss, 196

Flap marking, 49–50

chemical agents, for epithelial removal, 51 epithelial survival, after alcohol application, 51–55 instruments used, 49

Fluorescein viability stain, 52f

Fluoroquinolone, organisms not covered by, 124t Foreign body sensation, 202

Functional vision recovery, PRK, LASIK compared, 6 Fundus examination, 38–39

Fungus treatment, 124

Fusarium solani, treatment of, 124 Future of LASEK, 263–271

Gap junctions, 257

Gel-assisted LASEK, 2, 65, 111–112, 111–121. See also McDonald LASEK technique

GenTeal gel barrier, 102, 103f GenTeal viscodissection, 92f Glare, 140–141, 146–147, 191–192 Globe fixation ring, 56, 57, 57f Golf, eye trauma in, 26

Index 386

Gram-negative organisms, 124

Guell LASIK cannula, 96f

Halos, 140–141, 146–147, 191–192 Hartmann-Shack aberrometer, 212f Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensing, 2, 213t

Haze, 2, 20, 102–103, 140, 146, 190–191, 201–202, 264–270, 269f, 273–295, 307–315 Hemidesmosomes-anchoring fibrils adhesion complex, 253–255

Herpes simplex, treatment of, 124

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, as contraindication of LASEK, 22 High myopia, LASEK in, glare, 140–141, 146–147

History of development of LASEK, 1–3 Hydrodissection

alcohol application, 97–98, 98f Azar-Camellin LASEK I & A trephine, 90

bladeless microkeratome flap retraction technique, 103–106 Burrato LASIK cannula, 96f

Camellin LASEK technique, 92 cannula, 65, 94–97, 94f

epithelial flap manipulation, 100–101 epithelial sanctity, 101–102

fluidic dissection, 97 GenTeal barrier, 102, 103f GenTeal viscodissection, 92f Guell LASIK cannula, 96f haze prevention 102–103

hydroviscodissection mediae, 91–93 hydroviscodissection technique, 93–94 loosening epithelium, 97

McDonald McLasek cannula, 95f mediae, 91–93

Melki M-LASEK alcohol well, 98f Merocel sponge, 98f, 103f mitomycin C, 102–103, 103f Rashid, 65, 94f

Seibel LASIK cannula, 95f Slade LASIK cannula, 93f technique, 93–94 viscodissection and, 2, 89–109 “wow” phenomena, 89

Hypoxic edema, with contact lens, 125

Incomplete epithelial detachment, 186–187 Indications for LASEK, 19–21

Infection, 188, 197–198.

See also under specific infectious organism

of conjunctiva, cornia, as contraindication for LASEK, 22 minimizing risk of, 26

prophylaxis, 128–129

Infectious keratitis, with contact lenses, 125 Infiltrates, 188

Index 387

Informed consent, 44

Ingoing adjustable aberrometry, 215–217

Intact corneal epithelium, technique for obtaining sheets of, 2 Integrins, focal contacts and, 256

Integrity of tissue, corneal, quality, 27 Intercellular junctions, in epithelium, 256

Intraocular pressure, corticosteroid-induced elevated, 191

Jackson cross-cylinder refraction, 36 Jackson cross-cylinder technique, 36 Janach alcohol solution cone, 55 Janach alcohol well, 56–57, 76ƒ, 84f Janach bow dissector, 79f

Janach epithelial detaching spatula, 61f Janach globe fixation ring, 56, 57, 57f Janach microhoe, 61f, 77f

Janach microtrephine, 56–57 alcohol well, 56–57

Janach trephine, 55, 57ƒ, 84f Jeweler’s forcep, flap elevation by, 62f Johnston applanator, 81f

Keratectomy, 290

Keratitis, with contact lenses, 125

Keratoconus, 22

Keratometer, manual, 41f

Keratopathy, with contact lenses, 125

LADARVision Laser, 213, 226f LADARWave wavefront system, 213f, 214f Lamina densa, 255

LASEK, 1–11

advantages of, over PRK, LASIK, 3–8 after penetrating keratoplasty, 323–330 alcohol, instillation of, 325f

astigmatism, preoperative topography, 328f, 329f epithelial detachment, 325f

epithelial flap, recession of, 326f epithelial trephination, 325f mitomycin C administration, 327f repositioning epithelial flap, 327f

small spot excimer treatment, 326f

autologous serum to reduce haze after, 307–315 Azar technique, 3, 317–322

better choice, characteristics for, 20 butterfly technique, 2, 3, 83–87, 84 Camellin LASEK technique, 3 Camellin technique, 73–82 coinage of term, 2

combining of elements in, PRK, LASIK, 1

complications of, 183–193, 185f–191f, 195–203, 197ƒ, 199f, 202f

Index 388

corneal haze, 190–191

corticosteroid-induced elevated intraocular pressure, 191 decentration, 192

glare/halos, 191–192 infections, 188 infiltrates, 188

laser-related complications, 190–192 overcorrection, 190

PRK, LASIK compared, 6 undercorrection, 190

wound healing-related complications, 190–191 contraindications to, 19–24

PRK, LASIK compared, 6 conventional LASEK surgery, 2 corneal haze, and pain scores after, 20 customized ablation and, 225–234 derivation of term, 1

differences PRK, LASIK, 6

dry eye sensation, PRK, LASIK compared, 6 efficacy, advantages over PRK, LASIK, 3 enhancements, 133–135

Epi-LASEK, 3

epithelial cell viability in, 2

epithelial dehiscence, reattachment after, 253–262 excimer laser subepithelial ablation, 3

first procedure, 1

functional vision recovery, PRK, LASIK compared, 6 future of, 263–271

gel-assisted, 111–121 greatest problem of, 30

in high, low myopia, 137–147 history of development of, 1–3 indications, 19–24

PRK, LASIK compared, 6 laser epithelial keratomileusis, 3

LASIK, compared, 13–18, 21, 155–167 mitomycin C

haze, 273–295

surface ablation and, 297–306 pain scores after, 20

Pallikaris Epi LASEK technique, 3 popularization of technique, 2 postoperative management, 123–131

postoperative medications, PRK, LASIK compared, 6 postoperative pain, PRK, LASIK compared, 6 predictability, 3

preoperative evaluation, 25–31, 33–46 PRK, compared, 21, 149–153, 235–240

range of correction, PRK, LASIK compared, 6 refractive stability achieved, PRK, LASIK compared, 6 safety, advantages over PRK, LASIK, 3

scarring, PRK, LASIK compared, 6

Index 389

stability, advantages over PRK, LASIK, 4–8 subepithelial photorefractive keratectomy, 3 techniques, 3, 47–71

terminology, 3

thin corneas, PRK, LASIK compared, 6 topography-based aberration in, 169–182 vs. PRK and LASIK, 169–182

Vinciguerra butterfly technique, 2–3, 3, 83–87 wavefront analysis, 205–223

wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy, compared, 235–240 wound healing after, 241–250

Laser epithelial keratomileusis, 3

Laser in situ keratomileusis. See LASIK

Laser subepithelial keratomileusis. See LASEK LASIK

complications of, 13

epi-LASIK, surface ablation without alcohol, 115–121 LASEK after, 318

LASEK compared, 6, 13–18, 21 complications, 6 medications, 6

pain, 6

range of correction, 6 refractive stability achieved, 6 visual outcomes, 6, 155–167

limits of, 17 PRK compared, 6

complications, 6

functional vision recovery, 6 postoperative medications, 6 postoperative pain, 6 preliminary results, 231–232 range of correction, 6 refractive stability achieved, 6

topography-based aberration in, 169–182 wound healing after, 241–250

Lattice degeneration, 29

Law enforcement, eye trauma in, 26 Lens loss, 196

Long-term postoperative complications, 199–202 Low myopia, LASEK in, 137–147

clinical examination, 141 corneal haze, 140

postoperative, 146 glare, 140–141, 146–147 halos, 140–141, 146–147 pain, postoperative, 140, 141

postoperative management, 140 refraction, 141–144

surgical techniques, 138–140 visual acuity, 144–145

Index 390

Macula adherens, 256–257 Manual keratometer, 41f Martial arts, eye trauma in, 26

Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, first LASEK procedure performed, 1 McCannula, 95.

See also Cannulas; McDonald LASEK technique

McDonald LASEK technique, 2, 65, 111–112 McDonald McLasek cannula, 95f

Medications, postoperative, PRK, LASIK, LASEK, compared, 6 Melki M-LASEK alcohol well, 98f

Merocel sponge, 64f, 98f, 103f Microhoe, Janach, 61f, 77f Microtrephine, 74f

during rotation, 75f

Mitomycin C, 2, 102–103, 103f, 273–295, 327f components of, 278–283

formation mechanisms, 283–285 haze, visual consequences of, 275–278 slip-lamp grading, 277f

steroids, 285

visual consequences of haze, 275–278 wound healing cascade, 284f

Monocular patients, treatment of, 22

Mycobacterial organisms, prophylactic treatment of, 124

Nidek OPD-Scan scanning system, 217f

Nocardia asteroids, prophylactic treatment of, 124

Norwood Abbey Eyecare Australia, 116f

Objective refraction, 35

Ocular dominance, 40

Opacities, diffuse, 198–199

Optic nerve, 29

Orthoptic examination, 40–41

Outgoing wavefront aberrometry, 211–215

Overcorrection, 190, 199–201

Pachymetry, 43, 43f

Pain, postoperative, 6, 20, 127–128, 140, 141, 187, 196 Pallikaris Epi LASEK technique, 3

Patient education, 30–31

Patient positioning, preparation, 49 application of drape, 49 speculum placement, 49

Penetrating keratoplasty, LASEK after, 323–330 alcohol, instillation of, 325f

astigmatism, preoperative topography, 328f, 329f epithelial detachment, 325f

Index 391

mitomycin C administration, 327f recession of flap, 326f repositioning epithelial flap, 327f small spot excimer treatment, 326f

trephination, 325f Photoablation, 2

Photorefractive experiments on animals, 2 Photorefractive keratectomy. See PRK PlanoScan laser ablation pattern, 216f Pneumatonometer, 39f

Postoperative management, 123–131 aminoglycoside, organisms not covered by, 124t contact lens-related complications, 125t

contact lens removal, 126

epithelial defect management, 126–127 fluoroquinolone, organisms not covered by, 124; infection prophylaxis, 128–129

medications, 6, 123–129 observation schedule, 124

organisms, prophylactic treatment, 124t pain, 6, 20, 127–128, 140, 141, 187, 196 Preoperative evaluation, 21–22, 25–31, 33–46

automated refractors, 36 biomicroscopic examination, 38 Colvard pupillometer, 40f

compact placido-based corneal topographical unit, 42f contrast sensitivity, 43–44

corneal aesthesiometry, 38 corneal topography, 41–43

methods of measuring, 41 cycloplegia, 35

elevation-based topographical unit, 42f ETDRS visual acuity chart, 34f external eye examination, 37

fundus examination, 38–39 informed consent, 44 manual keratometer, 41f objective refraction, 35 occupational history, 34 ocular dominance, 40 ocular history, 33

orthoptic examination, 40–41 pachymetry, 43

patient characteristics, 25–26 patient medical history, 33 pneumatonometer, 39f

pupil size, 39–40

refinement of cylindrical correction, 37 refraction, 35

social history, patient, 34 subjective refraction, 36–37

binocular balancing, 37

Index 392

Jackson cross-cylinder technique, 36

red-green (duochrome, bichromatic) test, 36–37 tonometry, 39

ultrasonic pachymetry, 43f visual acuity, 34–44

Preoperative medication, 47–48 anesthetics, 47

antibiotics, 47–48

application, topical medication, 48 NSAIDS, 47

Previous ocular surgery, impact of, 29–30 PreVue lens, 216f

PRK, 79

alcohol-assisted epithelial flap reattached over, 2 on blind eye, 2

complications of, 13

corneal haze, and pain scores after, 20 LASEK after, 317–318

LASEK compared, 6, 21, 149–153, 235–240 LASIK compared, 6, 231–232

combining of elements in, 1 on normal sighted eye, 2

pain scores after, 20

sighted eye, slated for exenteration days after PRK, 2 topography-based aberration in, 169–182

wound healing after, 241–250 Prophylaxis, for infection, 128–129 Pump, LASEK

Carones, 55, 56

OZ chambers, Carones, 55, 56f Pupil size, 28, 39–40

Range of correction, PRK, LASIK compared, 6

Reassembly, epithelial adhesion structures, after LASEK, 258–259 Red-green (duochrome

bichromatic) refraction test, 36–37 bichromatic) test, 36–37

Refraction

binocular balancing, 37

Jackson cross-cylinder technique, 36

red-green (duochrome, bichromatic) test, 36–37 subjective, 36–37

Refractive stability achieved, PRK, LASIK compared, 6 Refractometer, spatially resolved, principle behind, 217f Retinal image aberrometry, 218

Retinal vascular changes, 29

Scarring, PRK, LASIK compared, 6

Scedosporium apiospermum, treatment of, 124

Seibel LASIK cannula, 95f

Shahinian alcohol wells, 55

Index 393

Shahinian epithelial trephine, 55

Short-term postoperative complications, 196–199 Size of pupil, effect of, 28

Sjögren syndrome. See Dry eye

Skioloscopy, dynamic, wavefront sensor principles, 217f schematic diagram, 217f

Slade LASIK cannula, 93f Small corneal diameters, 28

Spatially resolved refractometer, principle behind, 217f Spatulas, 59–60

Carones, 61f

Janach, 61f

Stability, advantages of LASEK over PRK, LASIK, 4–8 Staphylococcal organisms, prophylactic treatment of, 124 Sterile hypopyon, with contact lenses, 125

Sterile subepithelial infiltrates, 125 Steroids, use of, 285

Streptococcal organisms, prophylactic treatment of, 124 Stromal haze, 283–285.

See also Haze

Subepithelial infiltrates, with contact lenses, 125 Subepithelial photorefractive keratectomy, 3 Subepithelial separator, 116f

Subjective refraction, 36–37 binocular balancing, 37

Jackson cross-cylinder technique, 36

red-green (duochrome, bichromatic) test, 36–37 Superficial lamellar keratectomy, 290

Surface ablation, 297–306

duration of application, 299–302 without alcohol (See Epi LASIK)

Swimming, eye trauma in, 26

Thickness, corneal, impact of, 27

Thin corneas, PRK, LASIK compared, 6 Tight lens syndrome, 125

Tissue integrity, corneal, quality, 27 Tonometry, 39

Topography, corneal, 41–43

Toxic keratopathy, with contact lenses, 125 Trauma, risk for 26

Trephination, 55–58. See also Trephines purpose, 55 sizing, 55 success, 55–57

Trephines

Azar-Camellin LASEK I & A, 90 Azar-Carones LASEK I & A, 55, 56, 56f

Janach, 55–57, 57ƒ, 84f alcohol well, 56–57

Index 394

microtrephine, 74f rotation, 75f

Shahinian epithelial, 55 sizing profile of, 55

TUNEL labeling, cultured epithelial cells, 54f

Ultrasonic pachymetry, 43f

Undercorrection, 190, 199–201

Vascular changes, retinal, 29

Viability, epithelial cells, in LASEK, 258–259 Vinciguerra, 61f, 85f

Vinciguerra butterfly LASEK, 2–3, 63, 83–87, 85f Vinciguerra LASEK spatula, 61ƒ, 85f Viscodissection

advanced laser surgery ablation, 89–109 alcohol application, 97–98, 98f Azar-Camellin LASEK I & A trephine, 90

bladeless microkeratome flap retraction technique, 103–106 Burrato LASIK cannula, 96f

Camellin LASEK technique, 92 cannula, 65, 94–97, 94f

epithelial flap manipulation, 100–101 epithelial sanctity, 101–102

fluidic dissection, 97 GenTeal, 92f, 102, 103f Guell LASIK cannula, 96f haze prevention, 102–103

hydroviscodissection, 91–93, 93–94 loosening epithelium, 97 McDonald McLasek cannula, 95f Melki M-LASEK alcohol well, 98f Merocel sponge, 98f, 103f mitomycin C, 102–103, 103f Rashid, 65, 94f

Seibel LASIK cannula, 95f Slade LASIK cannula, 93f “wow” phenomena, 89

Vision recovery, functional, PRK, LASIK, LASEK, compared, 6 Visual acuity, pre-procedure evaluation, 34–44

VISX Star S4 Active Trak, 213 VISX Wavescan, 213

WASCA aberrometer, 213, 213f

Wavefront analysis, 205–211, 205–223, 210f clinical experience with, 218–222

custom ablation, 225–230, 230–232 flap biomechanics, 230–231

ingoing adjustable aberrometry, 215–217 LASIK vs. PKR, 231–232

outgoing wavefront aberrometry, 211–215

Index 395

profiles, 218

progression of technology, 225 retinal image aberrometry, 218 topographic diagnostics, 229 wavefront diagnostics, 225–229

Wavefront-guided PRK, 235–240.

See also PRK Wavefront sensors

dynamic skioloscopy, 217f types of, 211–218

WaveScan device, 215f

WaveScan WaveFront system, 213f Well, alcohol, 55–57, 75, 76ƒ, 84ƒ, 98f Janach, 56–57, 76f, 84f

Melki M-LASEK, 98f Shahinian, 55

Wound healing, 257–258 alcohol treatment, 257–258 cascade, 284f

cell-basement membrane junctions, 257 complications 190–191

intercellular junctions, 257 “Wow” phenomena, 89

Yields, preparation of, 48

Zonula adherens, 256 Zonula occludens, 256

ZyWave (Bausch & Lomb) wavefront, 213f