Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Hyperopia and Presbyopia_Tsubota, Boxer Wachler, Azar_2003

320

Anesthesia, hyperopic phakic intraocular lenses, 122

Anisometropic blur-suppression test, 195 Anterior chamber phakic intraocular lens

hyperopia, 115–117 contraindications, 116 indications, 116

optic folding, 116 preoperative management, 117 visual outcomes, 117

Anterior ciliary sclerotomy (ACS), 9–10, 211, 212–214

enhanced, 213

future directions, 216 interocular pressure, 215–216

Anterior ciliary sclerotomy with implantation of scleral expansion plugs (ACSSEP), 214

Anterior ischemic syndrome (AIS), 223–224, 232

Antibiotics, hyperopic phakic intraocular lenses, 124

Aphakic epikaratophakia, 130 Apoptosis, keratocytes, 174–176 ARC, 58

Array implantation, 251 Array lens, 251

Array multifocal intraocular lens in situ, 254 Artisan hyperopia, 6

Artisan hyperopia lens, 119–120, 121 Artisan iris-claw lens, 125

hyperopic phakic intraocular lenses, 122–125

Artisan phakic intraocular lens (IOL) hyperopia, 124

Astigmatism, 67, 159, 178 hyperopic, 80–82

cross-cylinder technique, 80–82 treatment, 82

irregular, 136

rigid gas permeable lens, 67 thermal keratoplasty, 164

Automated lamellar keratoplasty (ALK), 5, 164

Axis variation, 82

Badal optical system, 52

Baikoff foldable contact lenses, 6 Barraquer cryolathe, 4

Beaver Dam Eye Study, 23

Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), 110

Bifocal contact lens, presbyopia, 9, 68

Index

Bifocal spectacle, first, 134 Binocular depth of focus, 196–197 Binocular inhibition, 196 Binocular summation, 196 Binocular visual acuity, 196

Blur circles, 247 BMP, 174

Bone morphogenic proteins (BMP), 174 Brucke’s muscle, 28

BSCVA, 110

Calibrated marker, 227 Capsulorhexis, 254 Carbon dioxide laser, 84 Cataracts

age-related, 58 oxidative stress, 58–59

presbyopia multifocal IOLs, 240–241 refractive surgery, 237

Central corneal power, 136–137 Chromatic aberrations, 152–153 Ciliary muscle, 28–29, 35

magnetic resonance imaging, 51

CK (See Conductive keratoplasty (CK)) CK Keratoplast tip, 96

Clear lens extraction (CLE), with IOL placement, 305–307

Cobalt magnesium fluoride laser, 164 Coma pattern, 155

Compound cylindrical hyperopic errors, correction, 145–146

Computed videokeratography (CVK), 129 Conductive keratoplasty (CK), 133–134

device, 97 examinations, 98 hyperopia, 7, 95–105

thermokeratoplasty procedures, 95–96 mechanism, 96–97

patient selection, 97–98 performing, 98–100 postoperative care, 100 procedure, 97–98 radiofrequency-based, 96 for reducing hyperopia, 255

United States multicenter clinical trial, 100–105

corneal topography, 102 efficacy, 101

patients and methods, 100 results, 101–105

safety, 104–105 slit lamp, 104 stability, 103

Index

Conjunctival closure, scleral expansion procedures, 231

Contact holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser (Ho:YAG) laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK), safety, 86–87

Contact laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK), 85, 86

visual outcome, 86–87 Contact lens

Baikoff foldable, 6 bifocal, presbyopia, 9, 68 history, 63

living, 4

market information, 63–64 multifocal, 38, 68

vs. refractive surgery, 63–64 rigid gas permeable, 66–67

advantages, 66 disadvantages, 66 selection, 66–67

soft, 64–65 advantages, 65 astigmatism, 67 disadvantages, 65 selection, 65–66

Staar Collamer implantable, 6 Varilux, 135

Continuous carbon dioxide laser, 164 Continuous-wave diode LTK, 91–92 Contrast sensitivity, 196

LTK, 165–168

Contrast sensitivity changes after hyperopia surgery, 163–169 Conventional hyperopic LASIK

wavefront measurements and aberration changes, 154–156

Cornea cautery, 83

collagen stability, laser thermal keratoplasty, 85

curvature, decentration, 78 curvature gradient, 73, 79–80 eccentricity, 72–73

ectasia, 299–300 folds, 231

haze, 295

image, ultrasound biomicroscopy, 180 implants, 7

pachymetry, 109 pigmentation lines, 178

surface profile, after hyperopia surgery, 141–150

321

[Cornea]

thermal keratoplasty, slit-lamp photograph, 301

topography, 77, 137 conductive keratoplasty, 102 H-LASIK, 131

wound healing

animal studies, 179–180 future directions, 182

Corneal collagen, peripheral thermokeratoplasty, 178

Corneal surgery, hyperopia wound healing, 173–183

Correction profile, hyperopia, 154 Criss-cross nylon suture, 216 Cross-cylinder technique, hyperopic

astigmatism, 80–82 Crossed monovision, 194 Crystalline lens

aging, 55–63 anatomy, 29

magnetic resonance imaging, 51 optics, 25

size and shape, aging, 56–57 CSV–1000E Vector Vision, 165 Customized ablation, 147–148 CVK, 129

Decentration, 82, 298, 316 ablation zone, 294 corneal curvature, 78

Defocus, 159 Defocus curve, 240

Deformable lens, equatorial stretch, 48 Diamond blade, 227

Diffractive multifocal intraocular lens (IOL), 238

Diffuse lamellar keratitis, 299 Dilated pupil, 231

Diode laser treatment, hyperopia, 7

Early hyperopic-photorefractive keratectomy (H-PRK) ablation, 130

Eccentricity, 73 Edinger-Westphal stimulated

accommodation, 37

Elevation map, hyperopic LASIK, 179 Emmetrope, 18

Encircling band, 220, 221

Enhanced anterior ciliary sclerotomy (ACS), 213

322

Epikeratophakia, 4, 5 Epithelium

hyperplasia, 177, 180 ingrowth, 298 measurement, 178–179

Equatorial stretch, deformable lens, 48 Erbium:glass laser, 164 Erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG)

laser, 10

sclera incision, slit-lamp, 12 Excimer laser surgery, hyperopia, 178 Expansion band, 221, 223

Eye

aberrations, 31–32

exercises, scleral expansion procedures, 231–232

increase optical power, 30–31 models, 269–275

implementation issues, 274 predictions using, 274 pros and cons, 273–274 requirements, 269

Far point, 17–18

Fechner iris-claw intraocular lens implant, 306

Fenestrated intracorneal polysulfone lenses, 7 Ferry’s line, 178

Field depth, 31

Fincham, accommodation, 40–42 Finite aspheric eye, 262 Finite-element computer simulation

accommodative intraocular lens, 10 Flap complications, 297–298 Fleischer ring, 178

Fogging, 20

Glass lens, 7

Glaucoma, scleral expansion, 233 Glutathione (GSH), 58

Goldman lens, 42 Goniovideography

iridectomized eyes, 50 GSH, 58

Gullstrand, accommodation, 39–40

Haze, 294–295

Helmholtz mechanism of accommodation, 27–44, 220

Helmholtz model, 209, 210 Hexagonal keratotomy, 4

Index

H-LASIK, 295–300 case study, 131–135

corneal topography, 131 elevation map, 179

log contrast sensitivity values, 166 postoperative topography, 132, 133, 138 refraction, 166, 167

regression, 181 Holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser (Ho:

YAG) laser, 85 pulsed, 84

Holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser (Ho: YAG) laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK), 96, 129, 164

H-PRK, 292–294 regression, 181

Hudson-Stahli line, 178 HumanOptics, 280

Humphrey Instruments biomicroscope, 49, 50

Hyperbaric oxygen, 59

Hyperion noncontact laser thermal keratoplasty, 97

Hyperopia, 2, 63–68 ablation, 69–80

keratorefractive indexes, 72–77 anterior chamber phakic intraocular lens,

115–117

Artisan phakic IOL, 124 astigmatism, 80–82

cross-cylinder technique, 80–82 treatment complications, 82

conductive keratoplasty, 7, 95–105 thermokeratoplasty procedures, 95–96

corneal surgery wound healing, 173–183 correction

history, 4–5

vs. myopic corrections, 176–179 profile, 154

excimer laser surgery, 178 future developments, 315–317 intracorneal lens, 8

intracorneal segments, 107–113 keratofractive procedures, topographical

correlates, 129–135 manifest vs. latent, 20

vs. myopia, aberration, 159 optics, 17–26

phakic intraocular lenses, 119–128 refractive surgery, 71

classification, 177 spherical aberration, 158

Index

[Hyperopia] surgery, 3, 69–70

complications, 291–309

contrast sensitivity changes after, 163–169

corneal surface profile, 141–150 wavefront changes, 151–159

thermal keratoplasty, 164 treatment complications, 78–80 treatment wavefront, 154–156

vs. myopic, 156–159 Hyperopic-laser in situ keratomileusis. see

H-LASIK

Hyperopic LASIK. (See H-LASIK) Hyperopic-photorefractive keratectomy (H-

PRK), 292–294 regression, 181

ICL (See Iris-claw lens (ICL)) ICR myopia, 7

ICS (See Intracorneal segments (ICS)) Ideal monovision result, 190

IL–1, 174

Infrared videophotography, 51 Injector, 124

Interleukin 1 (IL–1), 174 Interocular blur suppression, 195

Interocular pressure, ciliary sclerotomy, 215–216

Interval of Strum, 31–32 Intracorneal lens, hyperopia, 8 Intracorneal ring (ICR), myopia, 7 Intracorneal segments (ICS)

central steepening, 111 complications, 307–309 hyperopia, 107–113

complications, 111–113 contraindications, 109 indications, 109 postoperative care, 110 preoperative preparation, 109 surgical technique, 109 visual outcomes, 110–111

postoperative, 108 Intraocular lens (IOL)

accommodating and adjustable results, 283–284

accommodative finite-element computer simulation, 10

diffractive multifocal, 238 future developments, 317

323

[Intraocular lens]

hyperopia anterior chamber phakic, 115–117

contraindications, 116 indications, 116

optic folding, 116 preoperative management, 117 visual outcomes, 117

hyperopic Artisan phakic, 124 iris-fixed phakic, 119–120 light-adjusted, 282–283 multicomponent, 280–282 multifocal

decreased contrast sensitivity, 238 glare and halo, 240

impression, 237–238 incorrect power, 240 types, 238

phakic (See Phakic intraocular lens) posterior chamber phakic, 6

power calculation, hyperopic phakic intraocular lenses, 122

refractive multifocal, 238

STAAR Collamer phakic, hyperopic phakic intraocular lenses, 125, 127

Intraocular pressure, 215 Intrastromal corneal ring, 307 IOL (See Intraocular lens (IOL))

Iridectomized eyes, goniovideography, 50 Iridotomy, laser peripheral, 181

Iris-claw lens (ICL) Artisan, 122–125, 125 Fechner implant, 306

hyperopic phakic intraocular lens, 122–125

Iris-fixed phakic intraocular lens, 119–120 Irregular astigmatism, 136–137

Keratoconus, 178 Keratocytes

apoptosis, 174–176

laser thermal keratoplasty, 85 proliferation and migration, 175–176

Keratophakia, 4 Keratoplasty

automated lamellar, 5, 164 thermal (See Thermal keratoplasty)

Keratorefractive indexes, hyperopic ablation, 72–77

Keratoscopy, 76

Kera Vision, 107 Ki–67, 175

324

LADARWave device, 159

image, 155, 156, 158 Lamella diamond blade, 228 Lamellar deposits, 112 Lamellar flap, 4

Lamellar keratitis, diffuse, 299 Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis

(LASIK), 1, 6, 90, 96, 261 complications, 292–298 contrast sensitivity, 165–168 future developments, 315–316 induced hyperopia, LTK, 91

multifocal, future developments, 317 Laser peripheral iridotomy, 181

Laser scleral relaxation, 11

Laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK), 6, 83–92 complications, 91

contact, 85–88, 86 visual outcome, 86–87

contact and noncontact, 85 contact Ho:YAG, safety, 86–87 continuous-wave diode, 91–92 contraindications, 85–86 contrast sensitivity, 165–168 corneal collagen stability, 85 history, 83–84

holmium:YAG, 129, 164 Ho:YAG, 129

Hyperion noncontact, 97 keratocyte response, 85 LASIK-induced hyperopia, 91

log contrast sensitivity values, 167 mechanism, 84–85

noncontact, 85, 86 complications, 300–303 visual outcome, 87–88

noncontact Ho:YAG, safety, 87 patient selection, 85–86 PRK-induced hyperopia, 90–91 refraction, 168

Sunrise Procedure, 6 surgical procedure, 86

technique, Hyperion noncontact, 97 temperature, 84

tissue elasticity, 84–85 visual outcomes, 86–87 YAG, 96

LASIK. (See Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK))

Late flap dislocation, 299

Index

Lens capsule, 30

crowding, 211

opacification, oxidative stress, 58–59 origin, 210

proteins, 59

Lenticule, schematic representation, 144–147 Lenticule ablation, 142

model, 149

Light-adjusted intraocular lens (IOL), 282–283

Light-difference threshold, 163 Limbus, marking, 225, 226 Living contact lens, 4

Longitudinal spherical aberration (LSA), 73 LTK (See Laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK))

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ciliary muscle, 51

crystalline lens, 51 Magnification, visual acuity, 22–23 Medennium, 6

Merceline horizontal mattress suture, 216 Miller-Nadler Glaretester, 243 Minimally invasive surgery, 254

Monochromatic aberrations defined, 151–152 Monovision

after refractive surgery satisfaction, 191–192

defined, 9

factors influencing, 197–198 failures, 195

presbyopia, 67–68

success rates after contact lenses, 190 task performance, 197

visual performance, 195–196 Monovision refractive surgery

outcomes, 190 presbyopia, 189–198

preoperative counseling, 192–193 Monovision trial, 193

Moria LSK microkeratome, 166 MRI

ciliary muscle, 51 crystalline lens, 51

Multicomponent intraocular lens, 280–282 Multifocal contact lenses, 38, 68 Multifocal effects, 134–136

historical, 134–136 Multifocal hyperopic-presbyopic

photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), 203

Index

Multifocal intraocular lens

refractive lens exchange, 249–258 Multifocal intraocular lens (IOL), 249 decreased contrast sensitivity, 238

design, 250

glare and halo, 240 impression, 237–238 incorrect power, 240 presbyopia, 237–248

clinical results, 242 complications, 245–248 contraindications, 240–241 contrast sensitivity, 243 contrast visual acuity, 244 exclusion criteria, 241

halo and glare, 243, 247–248 incision, 241

indications, 240–241 insufficient near vision, 248 IOL decentration, 246–247 IOL position, 241

IOL power miscalculation, 245–246 occupation, 241

patient expectations, 241 patient satisfaction, 244, 245

patient view with model eye, 245 posterior CCC, 241–242

preferred surgical techniques, 241–245 spectacle usage, 243–244

theoretical benefits, 238–240 theoretical caveat, 238–240 vision simulation system, 245 visual acuity, 242–243

types, 238

Multifocal laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis, future developments, 317

Multifocal myopia-presbyopia photorefractive keratectomy, 203

Multifocal presbyopic photorefractive keratectomy videokeratography, 205

Musculus crystallinus, 39 Mylar balloon, 48 Myofibroblasts, 175–176 Myopia

ablation, 71 correction

vs. hyperopic corrections, 176–179 profile, 156–159

error, 18

vs. hyperopia aberration, 159 intracorneal ring, 7 refractive correction, 138 spherical aberration, 160

325

Navarro aspheric eye, 269–270 Near point, 17–18

Near reading test, 44

Near vision accommodation, 19–20 Neural networks, 137–138

Noncontact holmium:yttrium-aluminum- garnet laser thermal keratoplasty

safety, 87

Noncontact laser thermal keratoplasty, 85, 86 complications, 300–303

visual outcome, 87–88 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

(NSAID), 224

Non-wave diode laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK), 96

Ocular aberrations, 31–32

Optical zone design, 141–142, 144 Ora serrata, 29

Oxidative stress cataracts, 58–59

lens opacification, 58–59

Papillary constriction, 31 Paraxial eye, 262

Pars plana, 29 Pars plicata, 29

Perfect thermal lesion, 178 Peripheral corneal collagen

thermokeratoplasty, 178 Peripheral vision, 196 Phacoemulsification, 254 Phaco-Ersatz, 260–261

simultaneous ametropia correction, 259–274

Phakic intraocular lens, 6

in and CLE with IOL implants, complications, 303–307

hyperopia, 119–128 complications, 127–128 contraindications, 120–122 indications, 120–122

posterior chamber phakic IOL, 120 preoperative preparation, 122

STAAR Collamer phakic IOL, 125, 127 surgical technique, 122–125

visual outcomes, 125–128 types, 119–120

Phorias, 197

Photic phenomena, 256

Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), 5, 90, 202, 261

complications, 292–298 future developments, 315–316

induced hyperopia, LTK, 90–91

326

Pilocarpine, 38, 256

Plastic polymethylmethacrylate band, 220 Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) lenses, 202 Posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens, 6 Postoperative pupil check, scleral expansion

procedures, 231 Presbyopia, 2, 67–68, 219

accommodative amplitude measurements after, 287–290

aging, 57–58

amplitude of accommodation, 20 bifocal contact lens, 9, 68 correction, 8–9

future developments, 317–318 keratofractive procedures, topographical

correlates, 129–135 monovision, 67–68

monovision refractive surgery, 189–198 eye determination for distance, 193–194 preoperative counseling, 192–193

multifocal corneal approach, 201–208 historical and experimental, 201–202 results, 204–207

techniques, 202–204

multifocal intraocular lens, 237–248 optics, 17–26

restoration, background, 260 scleral relaxation, 209–214 surgery, 3

complications, 291–309

Presbyopic photorefractive keratectomy, 204 PRK (See Photorefractive keratectomy

(PRK))

Progressive aspheric spectacle lens (PAL), 260

Proportional expansion, refilling model, 271–272

Pseudocycloplegia, 56 Pterygia, 178

Pulsed holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser, 84

Pupil block hyperopic phakic intraocular lenses, 122

Pupil check, postoperative scleral expansion procedures, 231

Pupillary constriction, 31

Pupil size, hyperopic phakic intraocular lenses, 122

Pure cylindrical hyperopic errors, correction, 144–145

Pure spherical hyperopic errors, correction, 141–144

Push-up test, 38, 44

Index

Quadrafoil pattern, 157

Quantel Axis II immersion biometry unit, 253

Radial keratotomy (RK), 219–220, 255, 261 Radial thermokeratoplasty, 84 Radiofrequency-based conductive

keratoplasty, 96 Radiofrequency energy, 83 Range of accommodation, 20–21 REACT, 59

Refilling model, 270–272 proportional expansion, 271–272 spherization, 271

Refractec, for reducing hyperopia, 255 Refractive error, 247

aging, 57

contact lens vs. refractive surgery, 64 simultaneous ametropia correction, Phaco-

Ersatz, 263 Refractive index, 262–263 Refractive lens exchange

scattergram, 252

with multifocal intraocular lens, 249–258 clinical results, 250–252 complications, 255

patient selection, 252–253 postoperative course, 256 preoperative measurements, 253–254 refractive surprise, 255–256

surgical technique, 254 targeting emmetropia, 255

Refractive procedures, 233 Refractive surgery

cataract surgery, 237 vs. contact lens, 63–64

monovision, satisfaction, 191–192 Regression, 294, 302–303

H-LASIK, 181 H-PRK, 181 mechanisms, 178–182

Retinoscopic reflex, 287, 289 Retreatments, 80

Rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens, 66–67 advantages, 66

astigmatism, 67 disadvantages, 66 selection, 66–67

RK, 219–220, 255, 261 RMS, 73

Roche European-American Cataract Trial (REACT), 59

Root mean square (RMS), 73

Index

SAI, 73

Scarring, middle periphery, 79 Schachar model, 209

Schachar’s scleral band procedures, 287 Schachar’s theory of accommodation, 34,

47–53, 220 challenged, 50

evidence against, 42–43 Schachar theory of presbyopia, 2

evidenced against, 43 Scheimpflug optics, 56 Sclera

origin, 210

slit-lamp erbium:YAG, 12 Scleral belt loops, 228, 229

dissect, 227–229

scleral expansion procedures, 226 Scleral expanding bands

future developments, 317 Scleral expansion, 219–233

anesthesia, 225 clinical results, 232 complications, 232

conjunctival closure, 231 conjunctival dissection, 225–226 current method, 224–225

early procedures, 219–220 eye exercises, 231–232 glaucoma, 233

patient selection, 223 postoperative pupil check, 231 scleral belt loops, 226

scleral expansion segments, 229–230 Scleral expansion segments, 229–230

dimensions, 230 placement, 230

Scleral expansion surgery accommodation, 44

Scleral relaxation, 2 presbyopia, 209–214

Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, 152 history, 153–154

principles, 154 Sighting preference, 197

Silicone expansion plugs, 214 Simultaneous ametropia correction

Phaco-Ersatz, 259–270 results, 263–267

Simultaneous vision principle, 9 Sinskey hook, 109

Slab off, 67

Slit-lamp, sclera incision, erbium:YAG, 12

327

Snellen letters, 22 Snellen visual acuity, 22 Soft contact lens, 64–65

advantages, 65 astigmatism, 67 disadvantages, 65 selection, 65–66

Soft toric lenses, 67 Spectacle, bifocal, first, 134

Spherical hyperopia, ablation, 148 Spherical hyperopic error ablation, 143 Spherization, refilling model, 271 Sphingolipid, 59

Spreading dissection, 213 Square diamond blade, 227

Staar Collamer implantable contact lens, 6 Staar Collamer phakic intraocular lens

hyperopic phakic intraocular lenses, 125, 127

Staar Collamer posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implant, 305

Star Excimer Laser system, 130 StatView, 165

Stellate iron lines, 178 Stereoacuity, 196

Steroids, hyperopic phakic intraocular lenses, 124

Stocker-Busacca line, 178 Suarez spreader, 109

Summit Apex Plus Laser, 166 Sunrise Ho:YAG laser, 164 Sunrise LTK Procedure, 6

Surface asymmetry index (SAI), 73 Swan-Jacob gonioscopy, 42

Temperature, laser thermal keratoplasty, 84 Thermal keratoplasty, 83

astigmatism, 164

cornea, slit-lamp photograph, 301 future developments, 316–317 hyperopia, 164

peripheral corneal collagen, 178 radial, 84

Thermal lesion, perfect, 178

Thornton Triple Edge diamond knife, 212 Tissue elasticity, laser thermal keratoplasty,

84–85 TNF alpha, 174 Transition zone

design, 142–145 lack, 79

Trefoil pattern, 157

328

Tschering’s studies, 34–36

Tschering’s theory of accommodation, 33 Tucker, 125

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, 174

UBM, 49, 212 corneal image, 180

UCVA, 110

Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), 49, 212 corneal image, 180

Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), 110 Uncrossed monovision vs. crossed

monovision, 194–195 Unfolder injector, 250

Variable-contrast charts (VCVAC), 243 Varifocality, 135

Varilux contact lens, 135 VCVAC, 243

Vector Vision CSV–1000E, 165 ViewPoint Conductive Keratoplasty CK

system, 97 Vision, peripheral, 196 Visual acuity, 300

best spectacle-corrected, 110

Index

[Visual acuity] binocular, 196 magnification, 22–23 Snellen, 22 uncorrected, 110

Visual fields, 196 Volume calculations, 272

Von Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand, 28

Wave aberration, detection, 153–154 Wavefront, defined, 151

Wavefront changes, hyperopia surgery, 151–159

Wavefront measurements and aberration changes

conventional hyperopic LASIK, 154–156 Wound healing, hyperopic corneal surgery,

173–183

Zeiss IOLMaster, 253

Zemax EE, 50

Zernike modes, 153

Zonular fibers, 29–30

Zonule, aging, 60