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Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Hyperopia and Presbyopia_Tsubota, Boxer Wachler, Azar_2003

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Although great care has been taken to provide accurate and current information, neither the author(s) nor the publisher, nor anyone else associated with this publication, shall be liable for any loss, damage, or liability directly or indirectly caused or alleged to be caused by this book. The material contained herein is not intended to provide specific advice or recommendations for any specific situation.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN: 0–8247–4107–2

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

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Marcel Dekker, Inc.

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Marcel Dekker, Inc.

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Copyright 2003 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Current printing (last digit):

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PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Preface

Heil dir, Sonne!

Heil dir, Licht!

With the explosion of refractive surgical technologies and techniques we have witnessed increased success in the treatment of hyperopia, but we still stand restrained in our ability to free our patients from presbyopic spectacles. We eagerly await the moment of overcoming the seemingly insurmountable obstacles of presbyopic correction to echo Bru¨nhilde’s greetings of the sun and of the light in the third act of Wagner’s opera Siegfried, at the time of her resurrection after decades of slumber:

Long was my sleep.

Who is the hero who awakened me?

Siegfried forged “Nothung,” the famous sword that could be forged only by a man who did not know fear, and used it to slay the dragon Fafner (and recover the magical Ring and Tarnhelm). He defied the gods and entered Loge’s impenetrable circle of flames to rescue the sleeping Bru¨nhilde.

We are on the verge of facing a similar success story in refractive surgery. Many unsung heroes are paving the way for the next discovery that will change the way we treat hyperopia and revolutionize the surgical correction of presbyopia. The wide range of investigations covered in this book indicates that it will not be long before we will be able to fulfill our quest to conquer these two frontiers in refractive surgery.

This book is the second of a series of books dedicated to refractive surgery published by Marcel Dekker, Inc. The focus of the first volume in this series was LASIK fundamentals, surgical techniques, and complications, a topic that has received a lot of coverage in both the peerand non-peer-reviewed literature. For this book, we asked Drs. Tsubota

iii

iv

Preface

and Boxer Wachler to edit the manuscripts, and they have worked diligently with the contributors to ensure maximal coverage and minimal redundancy.

It may come as no surprise to the reader that the methods of treatment of hyperopia and presbyopia are grouped in a single refractive surgical textbook. The classical teachings of physiological optics separate these two areas, but many of the surgical techniques employed for the correction of hyperopia may have applications for presbyopia.

The introductory section is written by experts in the fields of basic optics, mechanisms of accommodation, aging of the lens, and contact lens basics. Among topics discussed in the section on hyperopia are LASIK and PRK for hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism, laser thermokeratoplasty, conductive keratoplasty, hyperopic intracorneal segments, phakic IOLs. The section on presbyopia includes discussions of monovision refractive surgery, multifocal corneal approach, scleral relaxation, scleral expansion bands, multifocal IOLs, refractive lens exchange with a multifocal intraocular lens, Phaco-Erstaz, and accommodating and adjustable IOLs. The topographical changes, corneal surface profiles, wavefront contrast sensitivity changes, and wound healing after hyperopic surgery are discussed in a separate section with special emphasis on clinical applications. The contributors draw on first-hand experiences with the aim of providing an engaging book covering these important topics.

We are indebted to the coeditors, students, residents, and colleagues who have made valuable contributions to this book. We are grateful for their effort in integrating the sometimes limited information in peer-reviewed literature with the knowledge derived from their clinical experiences and interactions with colleagues. We hope that this provides a text that is both clinically relevant and as evidence-based as possible.

We thank Dr. Geoffrey Greenwood and Elizabeth Curione of Marcel Dekker, Inc., for their commitment to this project. Special thanks go to Leona Greenhill, for her editorial assistance, and to Rhonda Harris, who managed this project with care and precision. Her attention to detail and her dedication have enabled us to work coherently in the face of adversity.

We take the opportunity to acknowledge the pioneering surgeons and researchers in the field of refractive surgery. Their work and vision have provided the basis not only for current advances in hyperopia and presbyopia that we can offer to our patients, but also for future advances to be made by the next generation of thoughtful contributors to this important field.

Dimitri T. Azar

Douglas D. Koch

Contents

Preface

iii

Contributors

ix

1.

Introduction

1

 

Kazuo Tsubota

 

2.

Basic Optics of Hyperopia and Presbyopia

17

 

Michael K. Smolek and Stephen D. Klyce

 

3.

The Helmholtz Mechanism of Accommodation

27

 

Adrian Glasser

 

4.

Schachar’s Theory of the Mechanisms of Accommodation

47

 

Jay S. Pepose and Moonyoung S. Chung

 

5.

Aging and the Crystalline Lens: Review of Recent Literature (1998–2001)

55

 

Leo T. Chylack, Jr.

 

6.

Hyperopia

63

 

Ivo John Dualan and Penny A. Asbell

 

v

vi

Contents

7.

Surgical Treatment Options for Hyperopia and Hyperopic Astigmatism

69

 

Paolo Vinciguerra and Fabrizio I. Camesasca

 

8.

Laser Thermokeratoplasty and Wavefront-Guided LTK

83

 

Shahzad I. Mian and Dimitri T. Azar

 

9.

Conductive Keratoplasty for the Correction of Low to Moderate Hyperopia

95

 

Marguerite B. McDonald, Jonathan Davidorf, Robert K. Maloney,

 

 

Edward E. Manche, Peter Hersh, and George M. Salib

 

10.

Intracorneal Segments for Hyperopia

107

 

Laura Gomez and Arturo S. Chayet

 

11.

Anterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lenses in Hyperopia

115

 

Georges Baı¨koff

 

12.

Hyperopic Phakic Intraocular Lenses

119

 

Thanh Hoang-Xuan and Franc¸ois Malecaze

 

13.

Hyperopia and Presbyopia: Topographical Changes

129

 

Stephen D. Klyce, Michael K. Smolek, Michael J. Endl, Vasavi Malineni,

 

 

Michael S. Insler, and Marguerite B. McDonald

 

14.

Corneal Surface Profile After Hyperopia Surgery

141

 

Damien Gatinel

 

15.

Wavefront Changes After Hyperopia Surgery

151

 

Maria Regina Chalita and Ronald R. Krueger

 

16.

Contrast Sensitivity Changers After Hyperopia Surgery

163

 

Lavinia C. Coban-Steflea, Tommy S. Korn, and Brian S. Boxer Wachler

 

17.

Wound Healing After Hyperopic Corneal Surgery: Why There Is Greater

 

 

Regression in the Treatment of Hyperopia

173

 

Renato Ambro´sio, Jr., and Steven E. Wilson

 

18.

Monovision Refractive Surgery for Presbyopia

189

 

Dimitri T. Azar, Margaret Chang, Carolyn E. Kloek, Samiah Zafar,

 

 

Kimberly Sippel, and Sandeep Jain

 

19.

Multifocal Corneal Approach to Treat Presbyopia

201

 

Janie Ho and Dimitri T. Azar

 

20.

Scleral Relaxation to Treat Presbyopia

209

 

Hideharu Fukasaku

 

21.

The Scleral Expansion Procedure

219

 

Chris B. Phillips and Richard W. Yee

 

Contents

vii

22.

Multifocal IOLs for Presbyopia

237

 

Hiroko Bissen-Miyajima

 

23.

Refractive Lens Exchange with a Multifocal Intraocular Lens

249

 

I. Howard Fine, Richard S. Hoffman, and Mark Packer

 

24.

The Limits of Simultaneous Ametropia Correction in Phaco-Ersatz

259

 

Arthur Ho, Fabrice Manns, Viviana Fernandez, Paul Erikson, and

 

 

Jean-Marie Parel

 

25.

Accommodating and Adjustable IOLs

279

 

Sandeep Jain, Dimitri T. Azar, and Rasik B. Vajpayee

 

26.

Accommodative Amplitude Measurements After Surgery for Presbyopia

287

 

David L. Guyton

 

27.

Complications of Hyperopia and Presbyopia Surgery

291

 

Liane Clamen Glazer and Dimitri T. Azar

 

28.

Future Developments

315

 

Brian S. Boxer Wachler

 

Index

 

319

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