Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Handbook of Pediatric Neuro-Ophthalmology_Wright, Spiegel, Thompson_2006

Schindler’s neuroaxonal dystrophy, 327, 336

Schizencephaly, 208

as cortical visual impairment cause, 248

Schlemm’s canal, 23

absent or abnormal lining of, 48 School avoidance, as headache cause,

410, 411

Schwalbe’s line, anterior displacement of, 47

Sclera, embryonic development of, 23–24

Sclerocornea, 46–47

Scleroderma, linear alopecia variant of, 373, 374

Scoliosis, Klippel-Feil syndromerelated, 389

Scotomas fortification, 408

myelinated nerve fibers-related, 31 Secondary lens fibers, 18–19

Sedatives, as nystagmus cause, 305, 307 Seizures

adrenoleukodystrophy-related, 427 cerebral astrocytoma-related, 274 congenital rubella syndrome-

related, 268

congenital toxoplasmosis-related, 268

delayed visual maturation-related, 425

megalencephaly-related, 262 mitochondrial diseases-related,

343, 345

neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis- related, 334

progressive hemifacial atrophyrelated, 371–372

Zellweger syndrome-related, 343, 427

Semicircular canals, 108–109 Senior-Loken syndrome, 431 Septo-optic dysplasia, 35, 207–208, 257,

259

overlap with Aicardi’s syndrome, 239

Setting sun sign, 121, 383 Shaken baby syndrome, 267

Short stature, mitochondrial diseasesrelated, 345

Sialidosis type II, 329 Siemerling, Ernst, 338

Silicone scleral search coil, 314, 315 Sinus arrhythmias, Arnold-Chiari

malformation-related, 379 Sinusitis, as headache cause, 407 Skew deviations

Arnold-Chiari malformationrelated, 378

relationship with superior oblique overaction, 382–383

Slit lamp examination, of pseudopapilledema, 415

Smooth pursuit, 109

neural pathways for, 113–114 purpose of, 113

Solvent exposure, as headache cause, 407

Somites, embryonic development of, 5, 8

Somitomeres, 8, 32

Sonic hedgehog gene mutations, 52 Spasmus nutans, 74, 294, 302–303 Spasticity

neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis- related, 334

Pelizeaus-Merzbacher diseaserelated, 351

Sphingolipidoses, 325, 327, 329 Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren disease, 334 Spina bifida

A-pattern strabismus associated with, 382

congenital rubella syndromerelated, 268

definition of, 380

hydrocephalus associated with, 264 Spinocerebellar ataxia, 356–357

genetic anticipation in, 356 Spin test, 115, 126

Sprengel’s deformity, Klippel-Feil syndrome-related, 389, 391

Square-wave jerks, 308–309 Staphyloma, peripapillary, 213–214,

222–225

Stereoscopic examination, of pseudopapilledema, 415 Steroids, as myasthenia gravis

treatment, 160–161

Storage diseases, lysosomal, 324, 330–337

Strabismus

A-pattern, 382–383 Arnold-Chiari malformation-

related, 377, 378

Strabismus (Continued) assessment of, 71

hypertelorism associated with, 35 macrocephaly-related, 262

Marcus Gunn jaw-winking-related, 152–153

meningomyelocele-related, 382 myasthenia gravis-related, 161 nasotemporal optokinetic

imbalance associated with, 319 primary deviation, 126

refractive errors-related, 317

in saccade initiation failure, 118, 119

secondary deviation, 126 Strabismus surgery, in myotonic

dystrophy, 172

Stress, as headache-precipitating factor, 412–413

Striate cortex, hypoxic-ischemic injury to, 248–249, 250

Stroke

as cerebral visual impairment cause, 430

as dorsal midbrain syndrome cause, 120, 122

Subacute inclusion body encephalitis, 353

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, 329, 353–354

Superior cervical ganglion, 417–418 Superior colliculi, 110

Superior oblique overaction, relationship with skew deviations, 382–383

Superior oblique tenotomy, bilateral, 383

Superior rectus

Marcus Gunn jaw-winking-related palsy of, 152–153

weakness of, 123

Supranuclear eye movements. See Eye movements, supranuclear

Suprasellar tumors, congenital tilted optic discs associated with, 233, 234

Swinging flashlight test, 67–69 Sylvian aqueduct sign, 119 Synapses, embryonic formation of,

256

Synergistic divergence, 150–151 Synophthalmia, 52

Syphilis, as holoprosencephaly cause, 257

Syringohydromyelia, Arnold-Chiari malformation-related, 376, 378

Syringomelic syndrome, platybasia/basilar impression-related, 386

Syringomyelia, 256, 257

as downbeat nystagmus cause, 307

Klippel-Feil syndrome-related, 389

T

Tay-Sachs disease

cherry-red spots in, 324, 325 retinal changes in, 262

Telescopes, monocular, 88–89 Television, closed-circuit, 89, 90 Tensilon test, 132, 158–159, 163

contraindications to, 158–159 Teratomas, 282

Thalidomide, as adrenoleukodystrophy treatment, 340–341

Thompson’s flowchart, for anisocoria evaluation, 423

Thymoma, 160 Tigan, 413

Tilted disc syndrome, congenital, 231–235

Tissue of Kuhnt, 30–31 Toxoplasmosis, 257

congenital neurologic, 268

as holoprosencephaly cause, 257 macular, 424

Transforming growth factor, 19 Transient fiber layer of Chievitz, 24,

25, 26

Trauma, as cerebral visual impairment cause, 430

Trichomatic theory, of color photoreception, 79

Trigemino-abducens synkinesis, 153 Trisomy 13, 257

Trochlear nerve. See Cranial nerve IV Trophononeurosis facialis, 371 Tropicamide solution, 404

Trust, in physician-parent interactions, 99

Truth, in physician-parent interactions, 98

Tubular visual field, 404 Tumor necrosis factor, 339

Tunica vasculosa lentis, 19–20, 21 Twin pregnancy, as cortical visual

impairment cause, 249–250

U

U fibers, 333, 339 Uhthoff’s phenomenon, 347 Uveitis

as headache-like pain cause, 406 progressive hemifacial atrophy-

related, 375

V

Vaccines, effects on ocular motor nerves, 270

Varicella virus infection

congenital neurologic, 268, 269 as Guillain-Barré syndrome risk

factor, 141–142

Vasculature, retinal, development of, 27–28

Vasobliteration, in retinopathy of prematurity, 28

Vasoendothelial growth factor (VEGF), 28

Vectograph test, 405

Venous pulsations, ocular, 416 Ventriculoceles, 376 Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt blockage,

248, 249 Verapamil, 413 Vergences, 109, 114

in dorsal midbrain syndrome, 120 insufficiency of, 158

Vertebral basilar vascular insufficiency, 385

Vertical gaze meningomyelocele-related palsy of,

381

transient abnormalities of, 122–123 Vertical retraction syndrome, 151–152 Very-long-chain fatty acids, in

peroxisomal diseases, 337, 339, 340 dietary restriction of, 341

Vestibular apparatus

dysfunction of, as nystagmus cause, 292, 305, 306

role in eye movements, 108–109 Vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR), 72, 73

in Arnold-Chiari malformation, 378

assessment of, 109, 115 cancellation of, 109

in saccade initiation failure, 118 Vestibulocochlear nerve. See Cranial

nerve VIII Vimentin, 12, 19

Viral infections

as Guillain-Barré syndrome cause, 141–142

as progressive hemifacial atrophy cause, 373

as sixth nerve palsy cause, 129 Vision, role in learning, 85

Vision loss. See Visual loss Visual acuity deficits

binocularly-decreased, 400, 405 brain lesion-related, 255 congenital toxoplasmosis-related,

268

monocularly-decreased, 400, 405 Visual acuity testing, 63–67

binocular, 63–64, 312

for cerebral visual impairment evaluation, 430–431

computerized video techniques in, 405

for functional visual loss evaluation, 401–404

direct methods, 403–404 indirect methods, 401–403 observation methods, 401 supportive findings in, 401,

404

low-illumination acuity testing in, 65–66

monocular, 63–64

near visual function testing in, 64 for nystagmus evaluation, 310–312 optokinetic nystagmus (OKN)

testing in, 64–65

visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in, 66–67

Visual auras, migraine headacherelated, 407–408

Visual cortex injuries, as visual impairment cause, 430–432

Visual evoked potentials (VEPs), 66–67 in cerebral visual impairment, 431 in delayed visual maturation, 425 in infantile Batten disease, 427

in Joubert’s syndrome, 426 Visual evoked response (VER) testing,

for functional visual loss evaluation, 402–403

Visual field defects binocular, 78

brain lesion-related, 255 cerebral astrocytoma-related,

273–274, 274

Visual field defects (Continued) migraine headaches-related, 408 pseudotumor cerebri-related, 409–

410

Visual field loss, Marcus Gunn pupil associated with, 69

Visual field testing, 76–79

“finger counting” technique in, 78–79

“finger mimicking” technique in, 77–78

fixation in, 78, 79

for functional visual loss assessment, 404

Visual function testing, for low-vision assessment, 86–90

Visual impairment, cerebral, 430–432 Visual loss

functional, 400–406 assessment of, 401–404 bilateral, 400

differential diagnosis of, 405 monocular, 400

patient evaluation in, 404–405 secondary gain associated

with, 400–401, 406 treatment of, 406

infantile nystagmus syndromerelated, 301–302

in neonates, 424–427 neuroaxonal dystrophy-related,

336

referrals and information resources regarding, 104–105

refractive errors-related, 316, 317

Visual maturation, delayed, 266–267 differentiated from cortical visual

impairment, 250–251 Visual maturation, delayed (DVM),

425

Vitiligo, fundal hypopigmentary changes in, 375

Vitreous

angiogenesis inhibition in, 28 embryonic development of, 17,

29–30

persistent hyperplastic (PHVP), 30, 33, 50

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, fundal hypopigmentary changes in, 375

Vomiting

migraine headache-related, 407, 408

subacute headache-related, 409

W

Waardenburg syndrome, 153 Walker-Warburg syndrome, 221 Wall-eyed bilateral internuclear

ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO) syndrome, 125

Weiger’s ligament, 30 Wernicke’s disease, 346

Wildervanck’s syndrome, 389, 390, 391, 392

Wilson’s disease, 329, 346 Kayser-Fleischer rings in, 324

Wine, as headache-precipitating factor, 413

Wirt circles, 402

Worth four-dot test, 402

X

X-linked inheritance

of achromatopsia, 428 of nystagmus, 316

Y

Y sutures, 18–19

Z

Zellweger syndrome (cerebrohepatorenal syndrome), 326, 338, 342–343