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CHAPTER 4: CRANIOFACIAL SYNDROMES AND MALFORMATIONS

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178.Opitz JM, Herrmann J, Dieker H. The study of malformation syndromes in man. In: Harris H, Hirschern K (eds) Birth defects, vol 5. New York: Plenum, 1969:1–10.

179.Ossipoff V, Hall B. Etiologic factors in the amniotic band syndrome: a study of 24 patients. Birth Defects 1978;12:177.

180.Pagon RA, Graham JM, Zonana J, et al. Coloboma, congenital heart disease and choanal atresia with multiple anomalies: CHARGE association. J Pediatr 1981;99:223–227.

181.Pallotta R. Iris coloboma, ptosis, hypertelorism, and mental retardation: a new syndrome possibly localised on chromosome 2. J Med Genet 1991;28:342–344.

182.Pantke OA, Cohen MM Jr. The Waardenburg syndrome. Birth Defects 1971;7:147–152.

183.Park W-J, Meyers GA, Li X, et al. Novel FGFR2 mutations in Crouzon and Jackson–Weiss syndromes show allelic heterogeneity and phenotypic variability. Hum Mol Genet 1995;4:1229–1233.

184.Park WJ, Theda C, Maestri NE, et al. Analysis of phenotypic features and FGFR2 mutations in Apert syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 1995;57(2):321–328.

185.Pieroni D. Goldenhar’s syndrome associated with bilateral Duane’s retraction synrrome. J Pediatr Ophthalmol 1969;6:16–18.

186.Pingault V, Bondurand N, Kuhlbrodt K, et al. SOX10 mutations in patients with Waardenburg–Hirschsprung disease. Nat Genet 1998; 18:171–173.

187.Ponte F. Further contribution to the study of the syndrome of Haller- mann–Streiff. Ophthalmologica 1962;143:399– 408.

188.Poswillo D. The pathogenesis of the first and second branchial arch syndrome. Oral Surg 1973;35:302–309.

189.Poswillo D. The pathogenesis of Treacher Collins syndrome (mandibulofacial dysostosis). Br J Oral Surg 1975;13:1–26.

190.Pryor HB. Objective measurement of interpupillary distance. Pediatrics 1969;44:973.

191.Puffenberger EG, Hosoda K, Washington SS, et al. A missense mutation of the endothelin-B receptor gene in multigenic Hirschsprung’s disease. Cell 1994;79:1257–1266.

192.Putterman AM, Pashayan H, Pruzansky S. Eye findings in the ble- pharo-naso-facial malformation syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 1973; 76:825.

193.Randall CL, Ulla E, Anton RF. Perspectives on the pathophysiology of fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1990;14:807– 812.

194.Rarey KE, Davis LE. Inner ear anomalies in Waardenburg’s syndrome with Hirschsprung’s disease. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1984;8: 181–189.

195.Read AP, Newton VE. Waardenburg syndrome. J Med Genet 1997;34: 656–665.