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Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Illustrated Tutorials in Ophthalmology Kanski, Bolton 2001

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FA of Coats disease

Vascular malformations are highlighted

Retinal artery macroaneurysm

Typically affects elderly hypertensive females

 

 

 

 

Localized dilatation of retinal arteriole

Surrounding retinal haemorrhage

Most frequently along temporal arcades

Spontaneous involution is common

 

 

 

 

FA of retinal artery macroaneurysm

Immediate uniform filling of macroaneurysm

Late leakage

Rupture of retinal artery macroaneurysm Complications

 

 

 

Pre-retinal and retinal

Subretinal haemorrhage

Spontaneous absorption

haemorrhage

 

of subretinal haemorrhage

 

 

 

Chronic leakage from retinal artery macroaneurysm

 

 

Retinal oedema and hard exudates

Appearance immediately following

 

photocoagulation

Retinopathy in blood dyscrasias

Hyperviscosity

Anaemias and Leukaemias

Venous dilatation, segmentation

Haemorrhages, cotton-wool spots

 

and tortuosity

 

and venous tortuosity

Haemorrhages

Occasionally Roth spots

Progression of radiation retinopathy

Latent interval 6 months to 3 years

 

 

Hard exudates and small

Increase in hard exudate

flame-shaped haemorrhages

formation

 

 

 

 

Arteriolar occlusion,

Proliferative retinopathy,

cotton-wool spots and

vitreous haemorrhage and

haemorrhages

retinal detachment

 

 

CHILDHOOD STRABISMUS

1.Examination

2.Esotropia

Essential infantile esotropia

Refractive accomodative esotropia

Non-refractive esotropia

3.Exotropia

Constant exotropia

Intermittent exotropia

4.Special syndromes

Duane syndrome

Brown syndrome

Double elevator palsy

Möbius syndrome

5.Alphabet patterns

‘V’ pattern deviation

‘A’ pattern deviation

Visual acuity tests in preverbal children

 

 

‘Hundreds and thousands’ sweet test

Preferential looking with

 

Cardiff cards

 

 

Visual acuity tests in verbal children

At age 2 years (naming pictures)

 

 

Kay single picture

Multiple pictures

 

 

At age 3 years (matching tests)

 

 

Sheridan-Gardiner

Sonksen-Silver

 

 

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