Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Illustrated Tutorials in Ophthalmology Kanski, Bolton 2001
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Causes of hyperfluorescence (2)
Leakage of dye |
Prolonged dye retention |
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( staining ) |
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Into sensory retina |
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From new vessels |
Associated with drusen |
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(cystoid macular oedema) |
(choroidal neovascularization |
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Causes of hypofluorescence (2)
Vascular occlusion |
Loss of vascular tissue |
Capillary non-perfusion |
Choroideremia or high myopia |
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(venous occlusion) |
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Phases of normal ICG angiogram (1)
Early (20 sec) |
Early middle (3 min) |
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Disc hypofluorescence |
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Filling of watershed zone |
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Poor perfusion of vertical |
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(watershed) zone near disc |
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Fading of choroidal arterial filling |
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Prominent filling of choroidal arteries |
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Prominent filling of choroidal veins |
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Early filling of choroidal veins |
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Filling of retinal arteries but not veins |
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Filling of retinal arteries and veins |
Phases of normal ICG angiogram (2)
Late middle (6 min) |
Late (21 min) |
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Reduced filling of choroidal vessels |
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Large choroidal and retinal vessels are |
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Diffuse hyperfluorescence due to |
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empty |
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diffusion of dye from choriocapillaris |
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Persistent filling of retinal vessels |
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Diffuse background hyperfluorescence |
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AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD)
1.Drusen
2.Drusen and AMD
3.Atrophic AMD
4.Exudative AMD
•Pigment epithelial detachment (PED)
•Choroidal neovascularization (CNV)
Drusen
Histopathology
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Hard |
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Soft |
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Small well-defined |
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Larger, ill-defined spots |
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spots |
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May enlarge and coalesce |
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Usually innocuous |
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Increased risk of AMD |
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FA of drusen
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Degree of hyperfluorescence depends on:
•Extent of overlying RPE atrophy (window defect)
•Amount of staining
•Lipid content
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