Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Handbook of Optical Coherence Tomography_Bouma, Tearney_2002
.pdf
To our wives, families, and all of our colleagues, especially the contributors, who have dedicated many hours to writing and editing chapters for this book
ISBN: 0-8247-0558-0
This book is printed on acid-free paper
Headquarters
Marcel Dekker, Inc.
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 tel: 212-696-9000; fax: 212-685-4540
Eastern Hemisphere Distribution
Marcel Dekker AG
Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland tel: 41-61-261-8482; fax: 41-61-261-8896
World Wide Web
http://www.dekker.com
The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities. For more information, write to Special Sales/Professional Marketing at the headquarters address above.
Copyright # 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Current printing (last digit):
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Preface
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a recently developed imaging technology that has stimulated considerable interest in the fields of medicine, biology, and material science. The unique capability of OCT to noninvasively explore microstructure within turbid media using nonionizing radiation has opened the door to applications such as optical biopsy, surgical guidance, studies of developmental biology, and quality control of advanced composites in situ.
The technological innovations that have led to the current success of OCT are manifold and have been published in the scientific literature of optical communications, optical engineering, applied physics, and biomedical engineering. Similarly, the applications of OCT have been separately described in the publications of the relevant fields. The diversity of these publications has led to a need for a comprehensive handbook describing OCT and detailing the advances. The aim of this book, then, is to address this need and to serve as a repository for engineers and scientists involved with the development of OCT technology. Sufficient detail is given to enable newcomers to the field to construct a state-of-the-art OCT imaging system. In addition, the book will serve as a reference for medical clinicians wishing to understand the fundamentals of OCT and its capabilities and limitations.
Chapter 1 presents historical background describing the development of OCT and includes citations to the primary literature. The following five chapters provide a summary of the technology specific to each of the major subcomponents of a typical OCT system, including optical sources, fiber optics, temporal delay scanning, OCT probe design, detection, and system integration. Chapters 7 through 13 are devoted to new imaging concepts spawned from OCT research, such as the reduction of speckle in OCT images, polarization-sensitive OCT, the detection of Doppler-shifted backreflection to determine flow, the combined use of OCT and confocal microscopy, spectral radar, and alternative imaging geometries for OCT.
The applications section (Chapters 14 to 28) begins with a summary of the use of OCT for measuring optical properties and a discussion of nonbiological applications of OCT such as monitoring advanced composites and optical data storage. Biological and medical applications are grouped by topic, beginning with developmental biology and continuing through the major human tissue systems that have
iii
iv |
Preface |
been investigated. While the development of OCT has enjoyed widespread interest and has been pursued by many research groups throughout the world, the technology is still young. We hope the readers of this book will be motivated to explore new directions for this promising imaging modality.
Brett E. Bouma
Guillermo J. Tearney
Contents
Preface |
iii |
|
Contributors |
vii |
|
1. |
Optical Coherence Tomography: Introduction |
1 |
|
James G. Fujimoto |
|
|
TECHNOLOGY |
|
2. |
Optical Coherence Tomography: Theory |
41 |
|
Michael R. Hee |
|
3. |
Optical Sources |
67 |
|
Brett E. Bouma and Guillermo J. Tearney |
|
4. |
Reference Optical Delay Scanning |
99 |
|
Andrew M. Rollins and Joseph A. Izatt |
|
5. |
Design of OCT Scanners |
125 |
|
Felix I. Feldchtein, V. M. Gelikonov, and G. V. Gelikonov |
|
6. |
System Integration and Signal/Image Processing |
143 |
|
Joseph A. Izatt, Andrew M. Rollins, Rujchai Ung-Arunyawee, |
|
|
Siavash Yazdanfar, and Manish D. Kulkarni |
|
|
IMAGING CONCEPTS |
|
7. |
Speckle Reduction Techniques |
175 |
|
J. M. Schmitt, S. H. Xiang, and K. M. Yung |
|
8. |
Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography |
203 |
|
Thomas E. Milner, Joseph A. Izatt, Siavash Yazdanfar, |
|
|
Andrew M. Rollins, T. Lindmo, Zhongping Chen, |
|
|
J. Stuart Nelson, and Xiao-jun Wang |
|
9. |
Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography |
237 |
|
Johannes F. de Boer, Shyam M. Srinivas, J. Stuart Nelson, |
|
|
Thomas E. Milner, and Mathieu G. Ducros |
|
10. |
Optical Coherence Microscopy |
275 |
|
Hsing-Wen Wang, Joseph A. Izatt, and Manish D. Kulkarni |
|
v
vi |
|
Contents |
11. |
Full-Field Optical Coherence Microscopy |
299 |
|
H. Saint-Jalmes, M. Lebec, E. Beaurepaire, A. Dubois, and |
|
|
A. C. Boccara |
|
12. |
Spectral Radar: Optical Coherence Tomography in the |
|
|
Fourier Domain |
335 |
|
M. W. Lindner, P. Andretzky, F. Kiesewetter, and G. Ha¨usler |
|
13. |
Alternative OCT Techniques |
359 |
|
Christoph K. Hitzenberger and Adolf F. Fercher |
|
APPLICATIONS
14. Optical Coherence Tomography for High-Density Data Storage 385
Stephen R. Chinn and Eric A. Swanson
15.Applications of Optical Coherence Tomography to the Study
of Polymer Matrix Composites |
421 |
Joy P. Dunkers |
|
16.Relationship Between Tissue Microscopic Structure and Scattering
Properties: Implications for OCT Imaging |
445 |
Rebekah Drezek, Andre´s F. Zuluaga, and Rebecca Richards-Kortum |
|
17.Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Management
|
of Posterior Segment Disorders |
471 |
|
Mark J. Rivellese and Carmen A. Puliafito |
|
18. |
Optical Coherence Tomography in the Anterior Segment of the Eye |
487 |
|
Hans Hoerauf and Reginald Birngruber |
|
19. |
Optical Coherence Tomography and Developmental Biology |
505 |
|
Stephen A. Boppart, Mark E. Brezinski, and James G. Fujimoto |
|
20. |
Optical Coherence Tomography in Dermatology |
539 |
|
Julia Welzel, Joachim Noack, Eva Lankenau, and Ralf Engelhardt |
|
21. |
Imaging Neoplasia |
563 |
|
Constantinos Pitris, Mark E. Brezinski, and James G. Fujimoto |
|
22. |
Optical Coherence Tomography in Dentistry |
591 |
|
Bill W. Colston, Jr., Matthew J. Everett, Ujwal S. Sathyam, |
|
|
and Luiz B. Da Silva |
|
23. |
Surgical Guidance and Intervention |
613 |
|
Stephen A. Boppart, Mark E. Brezinski, and James G. Fujimoto |
|
24. |
Applications of Optical Coherence Tomography in Gynecology |
649 |
|
N. M. Shakhova, Felix I. Feldchtein, and A. M. Sergeev |
|
25. |
Gastrointestinal Applications of Optical Coherence Tomography |
673 |
|
Norman S. Nishioka, Stephan Brand, Brett E. Bouma, Guillermo |
|
|
J. Tearney, and Carolyn C. Compton |
|
26. |
Optical Coherence Tomography in Cardiology |
693 |
|
Guillermo J. Tearney, Brett E. Bouma, M. S. Shishkov, K. Schlendorf, |
|
|
S. Houser, D.-H. Kang, H. T. Aretz, T. J. Brady, and I.-K. Jang |
|
27. |
Capabilities of Optical Coherence Tomography in Laryngology |
705 |
|
N. D. Gladkova, A. V. Shakhov, and Felix I. Feldchtein |
|
28. |
Optical Coherence Tomography in Urology |
725 |
|
F. Koenig, Guillermo J. Tearney, and Brett E. Bouma |
|
Index |
|
739 |
Contributors
P. Andretzky University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
H. T. Aretz Harvard Medical School and Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
E. Beaurepaire CNRS, ESPCI, Paris, France
Reginald Birngruber Medical Laser Center Lu¨beck, Lu¨beck, Germany
T. J. Brady Harvard Medical School and Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Stephan Brand Harvard Medical School and Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Mark E. Brezinski Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
A. C. Boccara CNRS, ESPCI, Paris, France
Stephen A. Boppart Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts
Brett E. Bouma Harvard Medical School and Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Zhongping Chen University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California
Stephen R. Chinn* Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, Massachusetts
Bill W. Colston, Jr. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore,
California
Current affiliation: Malachite Technologies, Methuen, Massachusetts
vii
viii |
Contributors |
Carolyn C. Compton Harvard Medical School and Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Luiz B. Da Silva Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
Johannes F. de Boer* University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California
Rebekah Drezek The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
A. Dubois CNRS, ESPCI, Paris, France
Mathieu G. Ducros University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
Joy P. Dunkers National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland
Ralf Engelhardt Medical Laser Center Lu¨beck, Lu¨beck, Germany
Matthew J. Everett Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore,
California
Felix I. Feldchtein Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Adolf F. Fercher University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
James G. Fujimoto Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts
G. V. Gelikonov Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
V. M. Gelikonov Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
N. D. Gladkova Nizhny Novgorod Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
G. Ha¨usler University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
Michael R. Hee University of California, San Francisco, California
Christoph K. Hitzenberger University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Hans Hoerauf Medical University of Lu¨beck, Lu¨beck, Germany
S. Houser Harvard Medical School and Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Joseph A. Izatt Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
I.-K. Jang Harvard Medical School and Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
D.-H. Kang Harvard Medical School and Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
F. Kiesewetter University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
F. Koenig Charite´ Medical School, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Current affiliation: Harvard Medical School and Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Contributors |
ix |
Manish D. Kulkarni Zeiss Humphrey Systems, Dublin, California
Eva Lankenau Medical Laser Center Lu¨beck, Lu¨beck, Germany
M. Lebec CNRS, CPE, Universite´ Claude Bernard, Villeurbanne, France
T. Lindmo Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
M. W. Lindner University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
Thomas E. Milner University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
J. Stuart Nelson University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California
Norman S. Nishioka Harvard Medical School and Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Joachim Noack Medical Laser Center Lu¨beck, Lu¨beck, Germany
Constantinos Pitris Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts
Carmen A. Puliafito University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
Rebecca Richards-Kortum The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
Mark J. Rivellese Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
Andrew M. Rollins Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
H. Saint-Jalmes Universite´ Claude Bernard-Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
Ujwal S. Sathyam Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
K. Schlendorf Harvard Medical School and Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
J. M. Schmitt Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
A.M. Sergeev Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
A.V. Shakhov Nizhny Novgorod Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
N. M. Shakhova Nizhny Novgorod Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
M. S. Shishkov Harvard Medical School and Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Shyam M. Srinivas University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California
Eric A. Swanson* Coherent Diagnostic Technology, Concord, Massachusetts
Guillermo J. Tearney Harvard Medical School and Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Rujchai Ung-Arunyawee Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
Current affiliation: Sycamore Networks, Chelmsford, Massachusetts
x |
Contributors |
Hsing-Wen Wang Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
Xiao-jun Wang Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia
Julia Welzel Medical University of Lu¨beck, Lu¨beck, Germany
S. H. Xiang Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
Siavash Yazdanfar Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
K. M. Yung Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
Andre´s F. Zuluaga The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
