PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH
VOLUME 173
GLAUCOMA: AN OPEN-WINDOW TO NEURODEGENERATION AND NEUROPROTECTION
EDITED BY
CARLO NUCCI
Ophthalmological Unit, Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Rome, Italy
NEVILLE N. OSBORNE
Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
GIACINTO BAGETTA
Department of Pharmacobiology, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
LUCIANO CERULLI
Ophthalmological Unit, Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Rome, Italy
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List of Contributors
N. Amerasinghe, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
A.M. Angrisani, Ophthalmology Unit, Association Columbus Clinic, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
P. Aragona, Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgical Specialities, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
T. Aung, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
G. Bagetta, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Teramo; Department of Pharmacobiology; Section of Neuropharmacology of Normal and Pathological Neuronal Plasticity, University Center for Adaptive Disorders and Headache (UCHAD), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy
E. Balestrazzi, Department of Ophthalmology, A. Gemelli University Hospital, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
M. Bari, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Rome, Italy
K. Barton, Moorfields Eye Hospital; Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
S.Brocchini, ORB (Ocular Repair and Regeneration Biology Research Unit), National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
P. Brusini, Department of Ophthalmology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Udine, Italy N.D. Bull, Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
F. Cantatore, Glaucoma Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy J. Caprioli, Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
R.G. Carassa, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital S. Raffaele, Milano, Italy
F. Cavaliere, Department of Pharmacobiology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
C.Cedrone, Physiopathological Optics, Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Rome, Italy
M. Centofanti, Biopathology Department; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’; G.B. Bietti Eye Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
W.O. Cepurna, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
A.Cerulli, Physiopathological Optics, Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Rome; Department of Pharmacobiology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
M. Cesareo, Physiopathological Optics, Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Rome, Italy
N.G.F. Cooper, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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G. Coppola, Ophthalmology Unit, Association Columbus Clinic, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
M.T. Corasaniti, Department of Pharmacobiological Sciences, University ‘‘Magna Graecia’’ of Catanzaro, Catanzaro; Department of Biopathology; ‘‘Mondino-Tor Vergata’’ Center for Experimental Neurobiology, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Rome, Italy
M.F. Cordeiro, Glaucoma & Retinal Degeneration Research Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology; The Glaucoma Research Group, Western Eye Hospital, London, UK
V. Cozzolino, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Rome, Italy
A. Dahlmann-Noor, ORB (Ocular Repair and Regeneration Biology Research Unit), National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
P.V. Desai, Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
B. Falsini, Istituto di Oftalmologia, Universita’ Cattolica del S. Cuore, Roma, Italy
W. Fan, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
E. Fazzi, IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico ‘‘C. Mondino’’, Pavia, Italy
A. Ferreras, Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University, Zaragoza, Spain
F.Ferreri, Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgical Specialities, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
G.Ferreri, Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgical Specialities, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
P. Ferreri, Glaucoma Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
R. Floris, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, University of Roma ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Rome, Italy
P. Fogagnolo, G.B. Bietti Foundation – IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Rome, Italy
F.G. Garaci, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
D.F. Garway-Heath, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; G.B. Bietti Foundation – IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Rome, Italy
F. Gaudiello, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Rome, Italy
S. Georgoulas, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK; ORB (Ocular Repair and Regeneration Biology Research Unit), National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
M. Gliozzi, Department of Pharmacobiological Sciences, University ‘‘Magna Graecia’’of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
E. Goodyear, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
L.Guo, Glaucoma & Retinal Degeneration Research Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
N. Gupta, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Keenan Research Centre at the Li Ka Shing, Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M.R. Hernandez, Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
vii
D.K. Heuer, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee; Froedtert & Medical College of Wisconsin, Eye Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
G.R. Howell, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
A.Izzotti, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy S.W.M. John, The Jackson Laboratory; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bar Harbor, ME;
Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
E.Johnson, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA T.V. Johnson, Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK P.T. Khaw, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
A.Laabich, Acucela Inc., Bothell, WA, USA
D. Lepore, Department of Ophthalmology, A. Gemelli University Hospital, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
L.A. Levin, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Opthamology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsion, Madison, USA
R.T. Libby, University of Rochester Eye Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
S.A. Lipton, Center for Neuroscience, Aging and Stem Cell Research, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
A.London, Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
A.Ludovici, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, University of Rome
‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Rome, Italy
T. Lukas, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
T. Lupattelli, Interventional Radiology Department, IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy M. Maccarrone, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
R. Mancino, Physiopathological Optics, Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Rome, Italy
G. Manni, Department of Ophthalmology; Biopathology Department, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’; G.B. Bietti Eye Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
K.R. Martin, Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
P. Mazzarelli, Department of Biopathology, Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Rome, Italy
F.A. Medeiros, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA H. Miao, Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University,
Chicago, IL, USA
F. Missiroli, Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Biopathology, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Rome, Italy
A. Montepara, Glaucoma Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy J.C. Morrison, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
L.A. Morrone, Department of Pharmacobiology; Section of Neuropharmacology of Normal and Pathological Neuronal Plasticity, University Center for Adaptive Disorders and Headache (UCHAD), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
R.W. Nickells, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
C. Nucci, Ophthalmological Unit, Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’; Experimental Neuropharmacology Center, ‘‘Mondino-Tor Vergata’’, Fondazione C. Mondino-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
F. Oddone, G.B. Bietti Eye Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
viii
N. Orzalesi, Eye Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Odontoiatry, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
N.N. Osborne, Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
M.M. Pagliara, Department of Ophthalmology, A. Gemelli University Hospital, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
V. Parisi, G.B. Bietti Eye Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
N. Pasquale, University of Rome ‘‘La Sapienza’’, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Rome, Italy A. Perdicchi, S. Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
S. Pucci, Department of Biopathology, Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Rome, Italy
L. Quaranta, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
A. Quinto, Glaucoma Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
S.Ranno, Eye Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Odontoiatry, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
S.M. Recupero, S. Andrea Hospital, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome ‘‘La Sapienza’’, Rome, Italy
F.Regine, Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Biopathology, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Rome, Italy
B.Ricci, Ophthalmology Unit, Association Columbus Clinic, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
F.Ricci, Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Biopathology, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Rome, Italy
R.Ritch, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, NY, USA
C.E. Riva, Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Rianomatorie e dei Trapianti ‘‘Antonio Valsalva’’, Universita´di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
L.Rombola`, Department of Pharmacobiology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
L.Rossetti, Eye Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Odontoiatry, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
G.Ruggeri, Glaucoma Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
R.Russo, Department of Pharmacobiology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy S.C. Sacca`, Division of Ophthalmology, St. Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
S.Sakurada, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
C.Sborgia, Glaucoma Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
C.L. Schlamp, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
M. Schwartz, Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
G.L. Scuderi, S. Andrea Hospital, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome ‘‘La Sapienza’’, Rome, Italy
M. Seki, Center for Neuroscience, Aging and Stem Cell Research, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
S.J. Semaan, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
S.C. Sharma, Departments of Ophthalmology, Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
G. Simonetti, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Rome, Italy
A. Spano`, Ophthalmological Unit, Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Rome, Italy
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G. Tezel, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences; Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
A. Tosto, Biopathology Department, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
M. Vetrugno, Glaucoma Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
X. Wang, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
C. Watanabe, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan R.N. Weinreb, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA S.M. Whitcup, Research and Development, Allergan, Inc., Irvine; Department of Ophthalmology, Jules
Stein Eye Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Y. Yu¨cel, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Keenan Research Centre at the Li Ka Shing, Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
L. Ziccardi, G.B. Bietti Eye Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy