Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Fundamentals of Clinical Ophthalmology Scleritis_McCluskey_2001

gentamicin 80 glaucoma

IOP 95–6

posterior scleritis 71 steroid-induced 45 surgery 123–4

globe, tenderness of 47, 51 glucocorticoids 8 glycoaminoglycan chains 4–5 glycoproteins 5–6, 8

gout 36, 42 grafts

corneal 94

scleral 81, 118–20 granuloma 98 Grocott stain 35

haemangiomas, choroidal 70 hand deformities, rheumatoid

arthritis 104 helminths 86 heparin sulfate 4

herpes simplex 54, 55, 77–8 herpes zoster ophthalmicus 54,

55, 76

herpes zoster varicella 34, 55, 75–6

histiocytes 30

human leukocyte antigen (HLA) 3, 6

hyaluronic acid 4 hyperuricaemia 42 hyphae, fungal 34–5, 85 hypotony 69, 70, 99

ibuprofen 107

immune complex formation 12, 28, 81

immunocytochemistry 77, 86 immunoglobulin nephropathy 41 immunohistochemistry 35, 76 immunomodulatory factors 6 immunosuppressive therapy 78,

86, 88, 94, 110–11, 112, 114–15, 120, 122

indomethacin 76, 77 infection, immune-mediated

response 33 infectious scleritis 33–6

aetiology and pathogenesis 74–5

INDEX

anterior scleritis 54–5 definition 73 epidemiology 73–4

surgical management 121–2 types 75–86

inflammation intraocular 66 intraocular tumour 36

necrotizing scleritis 23–4 orbital 36–7

inflammatory bowel disease 48, 53, 55

interferon gamma (IFN-() 6 interleukins 6, 8

interstitial collagenase 6, 13 interstitial keratitis 50, 56 interstitial keratoconjunctivitis 81 intraocular inflammation 66 intraocular lens implantation 122 intraocular pressure

low 96

raised 51, 57, 71, 95–6 intraocular tumours 36 intravenous immunoglobulin 111 iridocyclitis 34, 36

iridotomy 95, 96, 123 iris bombé 96 isoniazid 81 itraconazole 85, 86

keratitis 34, 35, 49, 50, 56, 80, 82, 85–6

keratoconjunctivitis 44, 81 keratoprostheses 121 ketoconazole 85 ketoprofen 107

lamina fusca 2 laminin 6, 8

lens, scleritis 97–8

leopard spot pigmentation 64 leprosy 33, 81–2

leukocytes 16 limbal deficits 118

limbal episcleritis 82–3 limbitis, diffuse scleritis 123 lung abscesses, Wegener’s

granulomatosis 106 Lyme disease 41, 55, 83 lymphoma 36

INDEX

lymphomatoid xanthogranuloma 37

macrophage metalloelastase (MMP-12) 9

macrophages 12, 13 magnetic resonance imaging

(MRI) 68, 69, 70 maintenance therapy 113–14 masquerade syndromes 99 mast cells 16

matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 3

characteristics 6–8 expression 10–12, 14–15 inhibition 10

necrotizing scleritis 12–16 regulation 8–10

melanoma 36, 69, 70, 99 membrane-associated enzymes 7,

12 metabolic causes 36

metastases, choroidal 36, 69, 70, 99

methotrexate 47, 109, 110, 112, 115, 120

methylprednisolone 108, 112 micro-organisms, infectious

scleritis 74

microbial keratitis 80, 85, 86 microscopy 77, 80 mitomycin C toxicity 34 multiple sclerosis 28

Mycobacterium chelonae 82 Mycobacterium fortuitum 82 Mycobacterium leprae 81 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 75 mycophenolate 109, 110, 112, 115

nanophthalmos 5, 70 naproxen 76, 107 narrow angle, IOP 95–6

necrobiotic xanthogranuloma 36 necrotizing scleritis

anterior 48, 51, 57 autogenous periosteum 120–1 corneal thinning 94 infectious causes 76, 77, 83 with inflammation 23–4 interstitial keratitis 50

MMPs in 12–16 ocular surgery 98

peripheral ulcerative keratitis 49, 56

posterior 25 treatments 108, 112

without inflammation 24, 57 neoplasms see tumours

neutrophil collagenase (MMP-8) 9 neutrophil elastase 10

Nocardia 83

nodular anterior scleritis 21–3 infectious causes 76, 77, 82 outcome 57

relapsing polychondritis 119 rheumatoid arthritis 48, 49

nodular episcleritis 20–1 clinical features 40, 41 infectious causes 76, 81

nodular posterior scleritis 25 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory

drugs 43, 47, 57, 107

12–O-tetradecanoylphorbol- 13–acetate 8

ocular associations episcleritis 42–3 posterior scleritis 66

ocular hypertension 45 oedema

corneal 44

cystoid macular 56 scleral 21, 40, 43, 47, 95

ofloxacin 80 onchocerciasis 36 open angle, IOP 95 optic atrophy 63

optic disc, swollen 51, 63, 69 orbital inflammation 36–7 osteoporosis 110

pain 47, 61 pamidronate 41

parasite-induced scleritis 35–6, 85–6

patch materials 121 pathology, scleritis 27–37 penicillamine 120 penicillin G 83

perforations, corneal 94–5, 118

peripheral corneal infiltrates 44, 93, 94

peripheral corneal perforation 118 peripheral neuropathy 51 peripheral ulcerative keratitis 49,

56 phenylephrine 21, 48 phlyctenulosis 81 photophobia 47 phthisis 99

phylctenular keratoconjunctivitis 81

plasma cells 13, 16, 43 plasma exchange 111 plasmin 9–10

platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) 8

polyhexaminemethylene biguanide 86

polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 77

porphyria-associated scleritis 36 posterior episcleritis 21 posterior necrotizing scleritis 25 posterior scleritis 24, 33, 56

choroidal detachment 95, 96 clinical features 61–4 complications 71, 98 definition 60–1

differential diagnosis 69–70 diffuse and nodular 25 disease associations 64–6 fungal hyphae 35 investigations 66–9 management 70–1 outcome 71

posterior synechiae 96, 97 posterior uveitis 97 prednisolone 47 pretreatment evaluation 112

proenzyme activation 9–10, 11 propamidine 86 propylthiouracil 32 proteoglycans 4–5, 8, 29 protozoal infections 35–6

Pseudallescheria boydii 35 Pseudomonas spp. 75, 79, 80 pulse therapy 88, 108, 112 pyogenic bacteria 54–5 pyrazinamide 81

INDEX

rapamycin 111

relapse therapy 114–15 relapsing polychondritis 28, 54,

55, 64, 104, 119 remission induction therapy

112–13

retinal pigment epithelial changes 64, 99

retinoblastoma 36 retinochoroiditis 35, 66, 86 retinoic acid 8

rheumatoid arthritis 29–31, 47, 49, 51, 64, 104, 105

rheumatoid inflammatory nodules 30, 31

rifampicin 81, 82

Rizopus sp. 35 Rosai-Dorfman disease 36

sclera 1–16

matrix metalloproteinases 6–16

molecules and cells 3–6 structure 2–3

scleral biopsy 34, 43, 84–5, 117–18

scleral buckles, contaminated 83, 97

scleral grafts 81, 118–20 scleral stroma 2, 12 scleral thinning 31, 91, 92 scleritis

classification 19–25 complications 91–9

history and examination 101–2 investigations 102–6 pathology 27–37

surgical management 117–24 treatment 106–15

see also anterior scleritis; episcleritis; infectious scleritis; necrotizing scleritis; posterior scleritis; surgically-induced scleritis

scleromalacia perforans 24, 57 secondary angle closure 123 serous retinal detachment 51, 62–3, 69, 70, 95

serous retinopathy 69 sicca syndromes 42

INDEX

signs

anterior scleritis 47–51 posterior scleritis 61–4 SINS see surgically-induced

scleritis

slit lamp examinations 21, 23, 40, 47–8

spondyloarthropathies 33 squamous carcinoma 36

Staphylococcus spp. 75 staphyloma 31, 84, 91, 92 steroids 43, 81, 94, 95

Streptococcus spp. 75 streptomycin 81

stromelysins 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 16 subretinal mass lesions 51, 63, 70 sulphonamides 83

surgery

cataracts 122–3

diagnostic indications 117–18 glaucoma 123–4

microbial scleritis 121–2 therapeutic indications 118–21

surgically-induced scleritis 98 aetiology and pathogenesis 87 clinical presentation 87–8 definition 87

epidemiology 87 management 88

swollen optic disc 51, 63, 69 symptoms

anterior scleritis 47 posterior scleritis 61

syphilis 54, 55, 82–3 systemic associations 102–6

anterior scleritis 51–4 and autoimmunity 33 episcleritis 41–2 posterior scleritis 64–6

systemic lupus erythematosus 33, 52–3, 55, 105

T cells 13, 28–9 “T” sign 21, 67 tacrolimus 111

tectonic corneal grafts 94

tendonitis 36 therapy, cessation 114 tissue debridement 82 tissue inhibitors of

metalloproteinases (TIMPs) 6, 10, 16

tissue turnover 3 tobramycin 80 Toxocara canis 86 toxoplasma 35, 86

trabeculectomy 34, 123–4 trabeculitis 95, 123 trabeculoplasty 123 transcriptional regulation 8, 16 transforming growth factor-beta

(TGF-B) 8

Treponema pallidum 75 trypsin 10

tryptase 10, 16 tuberculosis 34, 81

tumour necrosis factor (TNF-() 6, 8, 16

tumours, intraocular 36, 70

ulcerative colitis 53 ultrasonography 21, 24, 25, 60,

66–7, 69, 70

uveal effusion syndrome 69 uveitis 51, 53, 54, 56, 57, 77, 82,

97

valaciclovir 76, 77 vancomycin 80

vasculitis 28, 32, 51, 52, 54, 64, 75, 105

viral scleritis 34, 75–8 visual loss 61, 70, 71 vitronectin 8

Vogt-Koyanagi-Haradi syndrome 66, 69

Wegener’s granulomatosis 32–3, 52, 55, 64, 65, 106

YAG laser iridotomies 95, 96, 123