Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Eye Essentials Assessment and Investigative Techniques_Doshi, Harvey_2005

Lenslets, 178

Neoplasms, 154, 169

Limbal arcades, viewing, 48

Nerve fiber layer (NFL) analysis,

183

Limbal vasculature, viewing, 39, 41

167–168

LogMAR charts

Neutral density filters, 49

Bailey–Lovie, 5

Noncontact tonometers (NCTs),

in different contrasts, 12

113–115

near, 7

Nuclear cataract, 75

LogMAR notation, 3, 4–6

Nystagmus, 10

M

in monochromats, 19

O

Macular degeneration, 10, 169

Macular edema, 169, 170

Occipital lobe damage, 159

Macular function assessment, 151–153

Occluders, 14

Macular holes, 169, 171, 173

Octopus, 160

Maculopathy, 152

Ocular hypertension, 100, 104, 116,

Maklakov–Fick Law, 107–108

168, 170

MAR, 3

Ocular Hypertension Treatment

McClure Reading Test, 9

Studies, 116

Meibomian gland dysfunction, 50

Ocular photography, 136–145

Meibomian seborrhea, 51

anterior segment photographic

Meibomianitis, 52

systems, 139–142

Melatonin, 103

hardware considerations, 136–138

Metamorphopsia, 153

image transfer and storage, 139

Michelson Interferometer, 171

file formats, 141–142, 143

Microcysts, 63

optical and light considerations,

Minimum angle of resolution (MAR), 3

138–139

Minnesota Low-Vision Reading Test, 8

retinal photographic systems,

Mitomycin, 174

143–145

Mittendorf dot, 74

Ocular pulse, 102

MNREAD acuity charts, 8

Oculus easy field, 156

Monochromatism

Ophthalmoscope

atypical (‘incomplete’), 19

lens investigation with, 75

typical (rod), 18–19, 21

see also Direct ophthalmoscopy;

Myopia, with pigment dispersion

Indirect ophthalmoscopy;

syndrome, 66

Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy

N

Optical coherence topography,

171–173

Nagel anomaloscope, 24

Optos Panoramic 200, 165

National Screening Committee, 136,

Orbscan, 91, 175

144

Orthokeratology, 175–176

NCTs, 113–115

P

Near acuity, 14

correlation with distance acuity, 10

Pachymetry, 87, 90–92

Near logMAR chart, 7

comparisons with Smith’s method,

Near vision assessment, 6–9

85, 86

Pachymetry—cont’d

Purkinje images, 38, 64

184

ultrasonic, 91–92

PVD, 131

Papillae, 57–59

R

giant, 58

Papillomacular bundles, 157

Red-free filter, 48

Pattern deviation plot, 156

Reichert Ocular Response Analyzer,

PDS, 66–67, 77, 99

115

Pelli–Robson chart, 12–13

Relative scotoma, 149

Pen-torch shadow or eclipse

Retinal damage

technique, 86–87, 88

focal, 157

Peripheral retinal disease, 165

peripheral, 165

Perkins contact tonometer, 112–113

Retinal detachment, 76, 154, 169

Perkins examination telescope, 113

rhegmatogenous, 105

Phasing, 103

Retinal photographic systems, 143–145

Phenylephrine, 122

Retinal vein occlusion, 105

Phlycten, 55

Retinitis pigmentosa, 75, 154

Photokeratoscopes, 175

Retinoscope, lens investigation with, 75

Photophobia, in monochromats, 19

S

Photopsia, 106

Pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS),

Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy,

66–67, 77, 99

164–166

Pineal gland, 103

Scanning laser polarimetry, 166–168

Pituitary adenoma, 154, 158

Scanning laser tomography, 169–171

Pleomorphism, 64

Scars, viewing, 36

Polarimetry, scanning laser, 166–168

Scheie line, 77

Polarizing filters, 49

Scheimpflug’s principle, 92

Polymegathism, 64

Schiotz tonometer, 107

Posner–Schlossman syndrome, 116

Scleritis, 56

Posterior blepharitis, 51–52

Scotomas, 149, 156

Posterior pole, viewing, 123, 134

central, 10, 152

Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD),

relative, 149

131

‘Sea of blindness’, 148

Preferential-looking tests, 6

Seborrhoeic blepharitis, 50–51

Protanomalous trichromatism, 19,

Shafer’s sign, 92

21

Short-wave automated perimetry

Protanopia, 19, 21, 26

(SWAP), 160

Protans, 25, 28–29

Sine-wave grating, 11

colors confused by, 19–20

Slit-image photography, 92–94

Pterygium, 55

Slit-lamp biomicroscope, 32–42

Punctate epitheliopathy, 55

anterior segment structure

Pupil, examination, 71, 73

examination with see

Pupil dilation, 120–122

Anterior segment examination

angle-closure risk, 120–121

depth-of-field (DOF), 35

contraindications, 121

examination techniques, 34–41

pharmacological agents, 121–122

conical beam and section, 38

diffuse illumination, 34

Tear film, 52

direct illumination, 36–38

examination, 52–55

185

indirect illumination, 36

Tear prism, 54

sclerotic scatter, 34–36

Tearscope, 55

specular reflection, 38–39, 40

‘Test for Unlettered Persons’, 24, 26

field-of-view (FOV), 35

Times New Roman near chart, 6–7

filters, 47–49

Tonometry, 91, 105–117

general eye examination with see

analysis of results, 116–117

Eye examination, general

applanation, 107–115

illumination system, 33

Goldmann contact tonometer,

image resolution, 32

109–112

numerical aperture (NA), 32

noncontact tonometers (NCTs),

observation system, 32–33

113–115

retro-illumination, 39–41

Perkins contact tonometer,

set-up, 33–34, 35

112–113

slit manipulation, 46–47

Tonopen XL Mentor, 113

see also Direct ophthalmoscopy,

corneal hysteresis, 115

slit-lamp; Indirect

corneal thickness influence, 91, 108

ophthalmoscopy, slit-lamp

digital palpation, 106–107

binocular

indentation/impression, 107

Smith’s method, 65, 80–81, 83–86

indications, 105–106

adapted, 65, 86

ocular blood flow, 115–116

comparisons with pachymetry, 85, 86

Tonopen XL Mentor, 113

conversion of slit length to anterior

Tonosafe disposable tonometer head,

chamber depth, 84

110, 111

conversion of slit-to-viewing system

Topographers, 175–176

angle to anterior chamber

see also Optical coherence

depth, 86

topography

limitations, 80–81

Total deviation plot, 156

procedure, 83–84

Trabecular meshwork pigmentation,

usefulness, 81

66–67

Snellen chart, 4

Tritanomalous trichromatism, 19, 21

Snellen notation, 3

Tritanopia, 19, 21

Staphylococcal blepharitis, 50

Tritans, colors confused by, 20

Static perimetry, 149

Tropicamide, 122

Stomal keratitis, 56

Tyndall’s phenomena, 38, 70

Swedish Interactive Thresholding

U

Algorithm (SITA), 155

Synechiae

Ultrasound, 87–90

anterior, 71

pachymetry with, 91–92

posterior, 71–72

Ultrasound biomicroscopy, 90

T

V

Tamoxifen, 152

Vacuoles

Tear break-up time (TBUT), 54–55

corneal, 64

Vacuoles—Cont’d

automated field screeners, 154–155

186

lens, 76

confrontation, 149

van Herrick technique, 65–66, 80–83

full-threshold, 154

grading system, 82

gross perimetry, 149, 150

limitations, 80–81

interpreting field defects,

procedure, 81–83

157–160

usefulness, 81

kinetic perimetry, 148–149

Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

pattern deviation, 156

(vCJD), 95, 110, 127

reliability indices, 155–156

Vasculature

sensitivity versus specificity,

conjunctival, 56

153–154

episcleral, 56

static perimetry, 149

scleral, 56

suprathreshold, 154

Vision, 2

total deviation, 156

Vistech chart, 13

W

Visual acuity, 2–3

binocular, 3, 14

Water clefts, 76

computerized charts, 12

Weiger’s ligament, 77

distance, 10, 14

Welch Allyn PanOptic, 123, 125

habitual, 2

Y

monocular, 3, 14

near, 10, 14

Yellow Wrattan filter, 48

optimal, 2

Z

relationship between scales, 3

testing method, 14–15

Zeiss ACMaster, 91

Visual Acuity Rating, 6

Zeiss Humphrey FDT, 160

Visual field assessment, 148–160

Zeiss Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer,

absolute visual field extent, 148

155, 160

adapted assessment for early-stage

Zeiss IOLMaster, 90

glaucoma, 160

Zeiss OCT, 91

Amsler chart see Amsler chart

Zeiss Stratus OCT, 171, 173