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EYE MOVEMENTS:

A WINDOW ON MIND AND BRAIN

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EYE MOVEMENTS: A WINDOW ON MIND AND BRAIN

Edited by

ROGER P. G. VAN GOMPEL

University of Dundee

MARTIN H. FISCHER

University of Dundee

WAYNE S. MURRAY

University of Dundee

and

ROBIN L. HILL

University of Edinburgh

Amsterdam Boston Heidelberg London New York Oxford Paris San Diego San Francisco Singapore Sydney Tokyo

Elsevier

The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands

First edition 2007

Copyright © 2007, Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system

or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher

Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333; email: permissions@elsevier.com. Alternatively you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at http://elsevier.com/locate/permissions, and selecting

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Notice

No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

ISBN-13: 978-0-08-044980-7

ISBN-10: 0-08-044980-8

For information on all Elsevier publications visit our website at books.elsevier.com

Printed and bound in The Netherlands

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To Alan Kennedy

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CONTENTS

Preface

xiii

List of Contributors

xv

Reviewers

xxv

Chapter 1

 

Eye-Movement Research: An Overview of Current and Past Developments

1

ROGER P. G. VAN GOMPEL, MARTIN H. FISCHER, WAYNE S. MURRAY

 

AND ROBIN L. HILL

 

PART 1: HISTORY OF EYE-MOVEMENT RESEARCH

 

Chapter 2

 

Scanning the Seen: Vision and the Origins of Eye-Movement Research

31

NICHOLAS J. WADE

 

Chapter 3

 

Eye Movement Research in the 1950s

65

GERALD WESTHEIMER

 

Chapter 4

 

Fixation Strategies During Active Behaviour: A Brief History

75

MICHAEL F. LAND

 

PART 2: PHYSIOLOGY AND CLINICAL STUDIES

 

OF EYE MOVEMENTS

 

Chapter 5

 

Using Eye Movements to Probe Development and Dysfunction

99

DOUGLAS P. MUNOZ, IRENE ARMSTRONG AND BRIAN COE

 

Chapter 6

 

Anti-Saccade Task Performance is Dependent Upon Bold Activation Prior

 

to Stimulus Presentation: An fMRI Study in Human Subjects

125

KRISTEN A. FORD, MATTHEW R. G. BROWN, AND STEFAN EVERLING

vii

viii Contents

Chapter 7

 

Commutative Eye Rotations in Congenital Nystagmus

141

LO J. BOUR, JOHAN N. VAN DER MEER AND

 

ANKE M. VAN MOURIK

 

PART 3: TRANSSACCADIC INTEGRATION

 

Chapter 8

 

Transsaccadic Recognition in Scene Exploration

165

PETER DE GRAEF

 

Chapter 9

 

How Postsaccadic Visual Structure Affects the Detection of Intrasaccadic

 

Target Displacements

193

CARMEN KOCH AND HEINER DEUBEL

 

Chapter 10

 

Transsaccadic Memory: Building a Stable World from Glance to Glance

213

DAVID MELCHER AND CONCETTA MORRONE

 

PART 4: MODELLING OF EYE MOVEMENTS

 

Chapter 11

 

Models of Oculomotor Control in Reading: Toward a Theoretical

 

Foundation of Current Debates

237

RALPH RADACH, RONAN REILLY AND ALBRECHT INHOFF

 

Chapter 12

 

Modeling the Effects of Lexical Ambiguity on Eye Movements During Reading

271

ERIK D. REICHLE, ALEXANDER POLLATSEK AND KEITH RAYNER

 

Chapter 13

 

Dynamic Coding of Saccade Length in Reading

293

SHUN-NAN YANG AND FRANÇOISE VITU

 

Chapter 14

 

An Iterative Algorithm for the Estimation of the Distribution of Mislocated

 

Fixations During Reading

319

RALF ENGBERT, ANTJE NUTHMANN, AND REINHOLD KLIEGL

 

PART 5: EYE MOVEMENTS AND READING

 

Chapter 15

 

Eye Movements in Reading Words and Sentences

341

CHARLES CLIFTON, Jr., ADRIAN STAUB, AND KEITH RAYNER

Contents ix

Chapter 16

 

The Influence of Semantic Transparency on Eye Movements During English

 

Compound Word Recognition

373

BARBARA J. JUHASZ

 

Chapter 17

 

The Interplay Between Parafoveal Preview and Morphological Processing

 

in Reading

391

RAYMOND BERTRAM AND JUKKA HYÖNÄ

 

Chapter 18

 

Foveal Load and Parafoveal Processing: The Case of Word Skipping

409

SARAH J. WHITE

 

Chapter 19

 

The Flexibility of Letter Coding: Nonadjacent Letter Transposition Effects

 

in the Parafovea

425

REBECCA L. JOHNSON

 

PART 6: EYE MOVEMENTS AS A METHOD FOR INVESTIGATING

 

SPOKEN LANGUAGE PROCESSING

 

Chapter 20

 

Eye Movements and Spoken Language Processing

443

MICHAEL K. TANENHAUS

 

Chapter 21

 

The Influence of Visual Processing on Phonetically Driven Saccades in the

 

“Visual World” Paradigm

471

DELPHINE DAHAN, MICHAEL K. TANENHAUS AND ANNE PIER SALVERDA

 

Chapter 22

 

The Processing of Filled Pause Disfluencies in the Visual World

487

KARL G. D. BAILEY AND FERNANDA FERREIRA

 

Chapter 23

 

Speech-to-Gaze Alignment in Anticipation Errors

503

LINDA R. WHEELDON, ANTJE S. MEYER AND FEMKE

 

VAN DER MEULEN

 

Chapter 24

 

Comparing the Time Course of Processing Initially Ambiguous and

 

Unambiguous German SVO/OVS Sentences in Depicted Events

517

PIA KNOEFERLE