Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Essentials of Ophthalmic Lens Finishing, 2nd edition_Brooks_2003

Horizontal meridian file marks, 224f usage, 124f

Horizontal midline, 41, 113, 118 definition, 41

vertical decentration, 394

Horizontal misalignment. See Pattern centers Horizontal MRP, location, 50f

Horizontal OC error, compensation, 91f Horizontal pattern dimension, 61b Horizontal prism, 395-397

calculation. See Progressive addition lenses Horizontal protractor line, usage, 78 Horizontal reference

line, 82, 126. See also Centration device equidistance, 126f

marks. See Non-water-soluble horizontal reference marks

segment center usage, 116f

Horizontally displaced pattern centers, compensation, 59

Housekeeping program, 338 Hoya Desktop, 107t

Human error, 314f

Humphrey autolensmeter, upright design, 21 Humphrey Lens Analyzer, 23f, 24f, 219f

layout screen, 24f usage. See Lenses

Humping. See Nasal humping

HyperIndex lenses. See 1.66 HyperIndex lenses

I

Identifying lens, 300

Immediate distances, progressive addition lenses (usage), 105-110

Impact requirements. See Safety eyewear Impact resistance, 292

drilling, effect, 296 grooving, effect, 296

lens coatings, effect, 295-296 lens processing, effect, 295-296

proficiency test questions, 306-308 reedging, effect, 296

surface scratches, effect, 296 test requirements, 293 testing, 3f

Impact-resistant lens material, 297 Impact-resistant quality, increase, 296 Impregnated wheels, 322

Incident light amount, 227

reflection amount, 227

Incorrect segment inset, checking. See Flat-top multifocals

Index mark, adjustment, 310

Individual testing, batch testing (contrast), 294-295 Industrial abrasives, 321

In-edger drill, 249, 266 Injuries, 338f

documentation, 337 Inking

amount. See Lensmeter mechanism, 17f

Inserted lens, orientation, 238f

Insertion, 3f, 235. See also Metal frames; Plastic frames checklist, 236-237

definition, 6 importance. See Bevel

plastic frame material differences, 238t process, conclusion, 237f

proficiency test questions, 246 Inset. See Segment inset; Total inset comparison. See Decentration

Instrument grid, origin, 82 Insurance. See Liability insurance

inclusion, 337 Intermediate viewing, 4f

straight-ahead position, 106 Intermediate/near progressive lenses

advantages, 105-106 full range, usage, 110 layout, 106-109 ordering, 106 variations, 107t

Intermediate/near specialty progressives comparison. See Standard progressive

Internal lens stress, visibility, 167 Internal stress

control, 303f creation, 202

Interpupillary distance (PD), 51f, 87f. See also Binocular distance PD; Binocular PD; Finished PD; Monocular PD; Near PD

accuracy, 92 ensuring, 122f

definition, 43

favoring. See Distance PD; Near PD incorrect distance, 89-92

combination. See Oblique cylinder distances information, 173f

measurements, 182 pushing, 89-92, 95 setting, 63f standards, 92

usage, 63f. See also 69/60 PD; Decentration per lens Interview (Essilor), 107t

Inverted prism lens, usage, 18f Invisible bifocals, 398

I N D E X

Irregular patterns, usage. See Centration skills series Iseikonic lenses, testing exemption, 294

J

Jaw pliers. See Half-padded nylon jaw pliers

K

Kiln, usage, 303

L

Labeling requirements. See Hazardous chemicals Labels, usage, 346

Laboratory

labeling requirements. See Food and Drug Administration

space, saving, 70f

thermometer, usage. See Bath temperature waste management, problems, 339-340

LAB-Tech DM-3 Drilling System, 262 Laminate lenses, testing exemption, 294 Laminated layer, notches (usage), 29f Laminated lenses, 170

Large businesses, OSHA impact, 331 Large-jawed plier, usage, 186 Larger-than-standard patterns, 153 Latex gloves, usage, 336

Layout. See Edging; Intermediate/near progressive lenses

blocker

deblocker, mounting, 187f integration. See Frame tracers

definition, 6

fitting cross, usage, 398-399 lens protractor, usage, 77f mode, 24f

mires, usage, 26f verification, 34f

Ledge corners, 201 Left decentration, 78f Left lens

back view, 115f

distance decentration, 118f segment

drop, usage, 118f inset, usage, 118f

total inset, 118f Lens centration, 6

centration instrument, usage, 82 historical background, 76-78 instruments, 81-82

lens protractor, usage, 77-78 mechanics, 75

Lens drilling, 251-257 charts, usage, 251-252

461

Lens drilling (Continued)

electric stand drills, usage, 253-255 guides/templates, 251-252

option, 180 Lens materials

effects. See Dyeing removal, 194

requirements. See Patternless edging Lens Prep, 216

Lens protractor, 77 degree scales, 77 lens, positioning, 79f

usage. See Flat-top multifocals; Layout; Lens centration

Lens shapes, 39 C size, 40f

challenge questions, 74 change. See Frame’s lens covering, 42f determination, 6

ED, determination, 42f eyesize change, effect, 46-49

proficiency test questions, 71-74 tilting, 63f

viewing screen, usage, 177, 177f

Lens size, 9, 287. See also Horizontal lens size; Vertical lenses

accuracy, checking. See Dry cut edgers closure pliers, usage, 167f

checking. See Metal frames edging, 168f

hand reduction, 199-202 information, 173f limitation, 20f

reduction, 192f. See also Hidden-bevel lenses hand, bracing, 202f

Lens spotting, 5-6, 8. See also Polarizing lenses; Round-segment lenses

challenge questions, 37-38 prism

inclusion, 20-21 noninclusion, 16-18

process, 124f

proficiency test questions, 35-38 Lens-curing factor, 215-216

Lenses. See Antireflection-coated lenses; Laminated lenses; Plastic lenses; Polycarbonate lenses; Slotted lenses

analyzer, 5

back-to-back placement, 314f bevel. See Bevel

blank. See Blanks

size, effect. See Frames blocking. See Blocking

Lenses (Continued)

center thickness. See Minus lens center thickness checking, back-lighted crossed polaroids (usage), 168f chucking, 159

classification. See Trivex

cleaning, 208-209. See also Glass; Plastic lenses; Polycarbonate lenses

cleanup, 6

coating, effects. See Dyeing; Impact resistance color. See Color

conditioner, 216 curvature

amount, 65f, 66f

mismatch. See Frame curvature

deblocking. See Adhesive pad-blocked lenses; Metal alloy-blocked lenses; Suction-blocked lenses; Wax-blocked lenses

defect, 12f degree scale, 77 designation, 18f

different materials, edging variations, 167-170 dispensation. See Non-impact-resistant lenses distance. See Distance between lenses dotting, 80f

drilling. See Blocked lenses drills, types, 249

dyeing. See Antireflection-coated lenses; Hard-coated lenses; High-index lenses; Plastic polarizing lenses; Polycarbonate lenses; Pre-AR coated lenses

edges. See Edges edging. See Edging

feeling. See Edge thickness finishing process, overview, 4-6 flaws, visual inspection, 10-11 front base curve, matching, 142f front curve, 165f

generator, control, 67 grasping, 151f

guide, application, 261f hand-marking, 80f, 312f hardening. See Glass lenses

determination, 305

holders, 222f. See also Color coding lens holders cleaning, 229

usage, 217f holding. See Holding

impact resistance. See Impact resistance

insertion. See Insertion; Metal frames; Plastic frames insufficient size, 88-89

layout. See Layout

marking, 251-257. See also Visible lens marking requirements. See American National Standards

Institute

Lenses (Continued) measurement

boxing system, 39-44

Humphrey Lens Analyzer, usage, 225f measuring instrument, 14f

minus cylinder form, reading, 12-16 mounting. See Mounting

notching, 257-260 milling bit, usage, 258

off-center optical center, inclusion. See Stock lenses opening, covering. See Frames

optical center, 18-19

optics, effect. See Peripheral lens optics orientation, 29f, 125f. See also 180-degree meridian;

Inserted lens; Prism improvement, 252f

pair, salvaging, 207f patterns. See Patterns pin beveling, 198-199 placement, 19f, 77, 78f

plus cylinder form, reading, 16

positioning. See Lens protractor; Prismatic lens; Segment

preparation. See Grooving; Tinting prescription, 108f

prism inclusion, 18-20 verification. See Multifocal lenses

prism restrictions. See Aspheric lenses; Atoric lenses processing

effect. See Impact resistance sequence, 3f

protector discs, application. See Antireflection coated lenses

reedging. See Frames refractive characteristics, 13f removal, 245f, 287

replacement, problems. See One-lens replacement retightening. See Loose lens

rotating pliers, 205 rotation. See Rotation ruining, 27f

salvaging. See Blemished lenses; Off-axis lens scratches, 28f

appearance. See Edged lens selection, 9-10

sizing, 287

slippage, causes. See Blocks spoilage, reduction, 256f

standard alignment. See Standard alignment surface, standard cross mark placement, 116f table

placement, 268f repositioning, 267f

terminology. See Finished lens; Semifinished lens

Lenses (Continued) testing. See Testing

thickness. See Thickness incompatibility. See Straps

tinting. See Tinting top, marking, 224 tracing. See Tracing type, effect. See Groove

usage. See Shape tracing verification, 6, 100 waviness, 13f

Lenses only order, 57f, 157 Lensmeter

accuracy, increasing, 83 aperture, 15f, 100f

axis setting, 124f care, 310-311 exterior, cleaning, 311 eyepiece

focusing, 11-12 setting, 13f

inking, amount, 311 optics, cleanliness, 310-311 prism, accuracy, 310 screen, representation, 24f

spotting mechanism. See Autolensmeters; Manual lensmeter

target, 20, 23

usage, 11-16, 146-147, 395. See also Single vision sphere spotting; Spherocylinder lenses

zero reading, 310f Lensmeter dots, 395-397

guide, 223f placement, 415 position, 411

raising/lowering. See Central lensmeter dot reference, usage, 252f

Lensmeter-measured imbalance, eliminates, 206 Lensometer, 5

Lenticular cataract lenses, testing exemption, 294 Lenticular lenses, 63f

OC blocking. See High plus aspheric lenticular lenses

Level gradient line, achievement, 221-223 Liability insurance, 337

Light boxes definition, 220f usage, 218

Light scattering, 12f Limbus, definition, 45f

Liners, inclusion. See Nylon cord frames Lines, overlapping, 252f

Liquid resin, pouring, 5f Liquid wastes, removal, 339

Lithium ions, usage, 303 Lock-glue

adherence, 270f application, 270f, 271f

Locking mechanism, loosening, 264, 269f Loose lens, retightening, 289

Low base metal blocks, 141f Low minus lenses, 279-280

Lower nasal part, bevel (snapping), 237f Low-minus-powered lenses, thinning, 101f Low-plus-powered lenses, 280

Low-powered lens. See Thin-edged low-powered lens Lubrication, 309

M

Machine hazards, 331 Magnetic stirrers, usage, 214 Maintenance, 309

proficiency test questions, 317-319 schedules, 309

Major meridians, 11f, 19 axis wheel, approach, 15 difference, 16

Major reference point (MRP), 21f, 41f, 43-44 centering, 51f

checking. See Flat-top multifocals definition, 19

disappearance. See Multifocal lenses distance power, checking, 33f

dot, positioning, 129f importance, 99f locating, dotting, 410 lowering, 61 marking, 27 misplacement, 129f movement, 395

placement, 119b, 393, 434, 442f errors, compensation, 122b problem, 119f

position, 410-412 checking, 122f correction, 122f

positioning, 46f, 58 relationship. See Optical center

segment positions, relationship, 115f setting, 127

spotting, 418

usage, 101f. See also Dotted MRP; Horizontal alignment; Prism

vertical position, 43, 84f vertical positioning, 90f vertical specification, 394

Major reference point (MRP) height, 29, 44, 81f centration. See Practitioner-specified MRP height

Major reference point (MRP) height (Continued) conversion, 79

difference, 92 specification, 113

Major reference point (MRP) location, 29, 49f, 85f. See also Horizontal MRP

accuracy, checking. See Spotted MRP checking, 121

determination, 413 indication, 21

Maltese-cross pattern, identification. See Heat-treated lens

Management leadership, 331

request. See Material Safety Data Sheet support. See Safety program

Manual chucking, 159

Manual lensmeter, spotting mechanism, 26f Manual patterned edgers, eyesize adjustments, 316 Manufacturer, defining, 295

Marker/blocker, usage, 77

Marking. See Chipped portion; Etching; Lenses; Nasal hole; Safety frames

alignment, 55

coquilles, usage. See Three-piece mountings frames, usage. See Semirimless mountings methods. See Safety lenses

pen, usage, 259 pins, 311

requirements. See American National Standards Institute; Basic-impact marking requirements; High-impact marking requirements

Marks. See Off-axis marks overlapping. See Reference

Masks, usage, 336 Matching. See Color; Uncuts

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), 332-333, 345 index, 348

location, 346 management request, 333 sample, 349-350

Matte black background, 12f MBS. See Minimum blank size Mean fracture load, 295 Measuring mode, 24f Mechanical center, 64f

boxing center equivalence, 50 nonequivalence, 52

positioning. See Pattern usage, 58

Mechanically controlled method, 162 Meridians. See Major meridians

light color. See Central meridian

Meridians (Continued) uniform power, 27 usage, 15f

Metal alloy blocking, 138, 139

Metal alloy-blocked lenses, deblocking, 185-186

Metal blocks, 140. See also High base metal blocks; Low base metal blocks; Regular base metal blocks

color-coded types, 141f selection criteria, 142f shape, molding, 140f

Metal frames indication, 176f lens insertion, 239

lens size, checking, 199-200 standard alignment, 243-246

Metal rims. See Frames

grooving. See Recessed metal rim Metal temple spread, 243-245 Metal-bonded finishing wheels, 322f

dressing, 324 performance, 324

Metal-bonded roughing wheels, 322 dressing, 323-324

performance, 323

Metal-bonded wheel (polishing usage), 322f Micro-cracking, 226

Middle edge, grooving, 279-280 Milling bit

ability, 263-264

usage. See Lenses; Notching Mini-bevel wheels, usage, 162

examples, 164f

Minimum blank size (MBS), 41f, 86-88 equation, 9

questions, 94

Minimum fitting height, 98 Minus cylinder form, 12

reading. See Lenses

Minus edges, minimization, 250 Minus lens

blank. See Uncut minus lens blank center thickness, 9

decentering, 91f

faceted edge, usage, 166f

Minus lenticular lenses, testing exemption, 294 Mires

crossing. See Circular mires usage. See Layout

Molten salt, 304f

Monocular distance decentration, determination, 400 Monocular PD, 76, 99

centration, 393-394, 422-423 request, 107

usage, 101. See also Decentration

Mounting. See Balgrip mountings; Double-hole mountings; Drilled mountings; Groove; Grooved lens; Notched mountings; Rimless mountings; Slotted mountings

adapter, usage, 67f definition, 6

drilled lens, attachment, 255-257 flaws, detection, 257

line. See 180-degree mounting line marking

coquilles, usage. See Three-piece mountings frames, usage. See Semirimless mountings

system, 253 table, usage, 268f

usage. See Double-strap mountings Movable line, 88f

indication. See Single vision lenses presetting, 85f

Movable vertical line. See Single vision lenses usage, 82

MRP. See Major reference point MSDS. See Material Safety Data Sheet

Multifocal lenses (multifocals), 5f, 98. See also Flat-top-style multifocals; Franklin-style multifocals; Segmented multifocal lenses

categories, 97-98

difficulties. See Noncentered pattern heights, 46f

order, 114 preparation, 2

prescription verification, 29-32 segment portion, major reference point

disappearance, 31-32

spotting, 29-32. See also Flat-top multifocals method. See Flat-top-segment multifocals;

Round-segment-multifocals usage, 18f

Multifocal prescription, pattern usage, 62f Myodisc lenses, testing exemption, 294

N

Narrow B frames, blocks (usage), 141 Nasal add, 203, 204

achievement, 204f

Nasal corner, placement, 289f Nasal cut, 203-204

achievement. See Symmetrical nasal cut Nasal direction, 289f

Nasal edge. See Eyewires relationship. See Nasal hole

Nasal flare, 204

Nasal half. See Edged lenses Nasal hole

horizontal zero point, 266f

Nasal hole (Continued)

marking/drilling, 260f. See also Semirimless mountings

nasal edge, relationship, 265f Nasal humping, 238f

Nasal lens straps, bending, 268 Nasal rim. See Frames

Nasal side

drilling setup, 265f matching, 65f

Nasal slots, positioning, 263 Nasalward segment rotation, 31f

Near add (determination), front vertex powers (usage), 100f

Near PD, 62f, 76 accuracy, 121 alteration, 122b, 124 favoring, 121-124 maintenance, 122b

relationship. See Distance PD Near portion, placement, 102f Near power

amount, 100f

back vertex power verification, 100f Near reference point (NRP), 33f, 98

definition, 34, 98 location, 104f

Near segment, centering, 122f

Near working distances, progressive addition lenses (usage), 105-110

Neoprene gasket, usage, 293-294 Neutralizer, 333

disposal, 340 process, 219 sensitivities, 226 usage. See Tints

No Smoking signs, display, 335

Non prismatic single vision lenses, 18f Noncellular acetate, 237-239 Noncentered pattern, usage, 58-62

consequences, 57-62

multifocal lenses, difficulties, 58 Nonelectric hand-held drills, 249 Non-impact-resistant lenses, dispensation, 293 Non-premarked progressive lenses, 34-35 Nonproportionality, 48

Non-routine tasks, 346 Nonslip mat, usage, 339f

Non-water-soluble horizontal reference marks, 32, 34

Non-water-soluble marks, usage, 102 Non-water-soluble progressive lens markings,

34 Normal-thickness lenses, 267

Nosepads, 246

Notched mountings, 247 bibliography, 273

proficiency test questions, 274-275 Notches

beveling, 259f

cone tools, usage, 259f cutting, preparation, 266f usage. See Laminated layer

Notching. See Lenses accuracy, 266f

milling bit, usage, 258f NRP. See Near reference point Nylon cord frames, 57, 66, 248

liners, inclusion, 289-290 types, 287f

usage, 277f Nylon cords, 276 clipping, 287 cutting, 287f dyeing, 228

mounting, edge grooving, 3f

pressing, half-padded pliers (usage), 288f proficiency test questions, 290-291 removal, 286f

replacement, 288f sizing, 288f stretching, 288

tension, checking, 288-289, 290f threading, 287f, 289f

Nylon supras, 248

O

Oblique axis, 22f

Oblique cylinder distances, incorrect interpupillary distances (combination), 91-92

OC. See Optical center Occupational progressives, 106

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 298, 329, 330

complaints, 335 Form 200, 337 Form 300A, 344

Hazard Communication Standard, 345

impact. See Employers; Hazards; Large businesses; Small businesses

inspections, 331 poster, display, 335

relationship. See American National Standards Institute

requirements, 331, 334, 336 agencies, relationship, 330

standards, 330 website, 341

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act, 330, 337 responsibilities, 344

Off-axis lens, salvaging, 205 steps, 206f

Off-axis marks, 314f Off-axis pattern, 54

Off-center optical center, inclusion. See Stock lenses Off-center target, compensation difficulty, 311f Off-site location, frame tracer usage, 70f

OLA. See Optical Laboratories Association Old lens

tracing, 66f

usage. See Frames; Shape tracing One-lens replacement, problem, 58 Open temple spread, 242

Ophthalmic lenses, minimum thickness. See Dress ophthalmic lenses

Optical center (OC). See Lenses; Sphere lenses accuracy amount, requirement, 92

blocking. See High plus aspheric lenticular lenses centering, 15f

decentration, amount, 86 displacement, 21f

error, compensation. See Horizontal OC error location, 29, 31f, 442f. See also Distance OC MRP, relationship, 98, 127

not in line of sight, 19-20 placement, errors, 91f positioning, 25f

vertical placement. See Distance OC Optical clarity, variation, 98f

Optical endpoint, 27f

Optical Laboratories Association (OLA), 249, 276-277 program, 297

Tech Topics, 296 Optical laboratory, 1-2

Optics, cleanliness. See Lensmeter Order entry, 3f, 177

area, frame tracer (usage), 67

OSH Act. See Occupational Safety and Health Act OSHA. See Occupational Safety and Health

Administration

Overplussed straight-ahead gaze, 109f Over-thinning, 101f

P

Paired spherocylinder lens, custom surfacing, 2 Pantoscopic angle, 242

change, 245f Parallax

definition, 77 effect. See Errors error, 77 prevention, 205

Parallelism testing, flat surface touch test (usage), 242f Partially finished lenses, record keeping requirements,

295 Pattern centers

compensation. See Horizontally displaced pattern centers; Vertically displaced pattern centers

displacement compensation, 61b amount, determination, 61b

horizontal misalignment, 419 horizontal/vertical misalignment, 420 vertical misalignment, 418-419

Pattern errors checking, 59-60

direction/amount, determination, 60-62 vertical compensation, 81

Pattern makers, 39 frame centering, 53f horizontal bar, 54f models, 53

usage. See Center; Decenter Pattern making, 52-57

edgers, usage, 57 frame setup, 53-54

lens tracing, usage, 54-57 matching, 55-56

Pattern size, 46 calculation, 84

check, grid (usage), 60f standard (36.5 mm), 153 usage, 155f

Patterned bevel edger, example, 165f Patterned edgers, 39

axis accuracy, checking, 313-315 definition, 6

eyesize adjustments. See Manual patterned edgers options, 180

Patterned edging, 149-171 cutting/chipping, 150-151 historical background, 149 process, 152-167

Patternless edgers, 39. See also Computer-assisted patternless edgers

definition, 6

electronic link. See Tracers features, 286

laboratory interface, 181-182 options, 180

patterns, usage, 172 capability, 69f

questions, 176f usage, 171-172

viewing screens, 177-180; 177f, 178f Patternless edging, 149, 171-182

electronic shape, 172

Patternless edging (Continued)

frame materials, requirements, 176-177 lens materials, requirements, 176-177 possibilities, 172-182

systems, 155 input, 173f

technology, 165f

Patterns, 39. See also Homemade patterns; Larger-than- standard patterns; Lenses

blanks mounting, 57 variety, 55f

challenge questions, 74 creation, 419

cutter, usage, 56f cutting, 55f difference, 46

dimension. See Horizontal pattern dimension; Vertical pattern dimension

distortion (prevention), larger patterns (usage), 153

holes, 48f

measurements, 44-50. See also Box-o-Graph system, 46f

mechanical center, 49-50 positioning, 50-52 relationship. See Boxing center

placement. See Edgers proficiency test questions, 71-74 rotational center, 81 roughness, smoothing, 56 shadow system, 84

stock, maintenance, 40f system, function, 47-48 terminology, 44-50

usage, 49f, 54-55. See also Multifocal prescription; Patternless edgers; Shape tracing

consequences. See Noncentered pattern vertically displaced mechanical centers, usage,

59f

PD. See Interpupillary distance Peripheral lens optics, effect, 171 Personal protective equipment, 336 Photochromic glass, 168 Photochromic lenses

temperature, importance, 304 tempering, 303

Photochromic process, 305 Photochromic salt bath, 304f Photometer, usage, 217, 218f

Pin beveling, 192, 197-199. See also Back edge; Bevel apex; High-minus lens; Lenses; Rimless lenses

breakage prevention, 197 cosmetic considerations, 197

Pin beveling (Continued) reasons, 197-198 wearer safety, 197-198

Pins

bevel. See Glass lenses; Plastic lenses movement. See Spring-coupled pins usage. See Centering

Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. See Columbia Resin 39 Plano cylinder lenses, decentration, 19

Plastic. See High-index plastic removal, 269f

Plastic blocks, 140-141 removal, 188f

Plastic bushing, 255

Plastic flat-beveled lenses, 201f Plastic flat-top lenses

high add power, amount, 146f segment amount, 146f

Plastic frames

lens insertion, 235-236; 236b materials, differences. See Insertion shape, retaining, 64

standard alignment, 239-243 stretching, 167

Plastic lenses, 169. See also Columbia Resin 39 blocks, advantages, 141f

cleaning, 209 edges

luster, ensuring, 208f polishing, 207-208

edging, 166f, 322f marking, 299

pin bevel, 201f regular bevel, 201f sandblasting, 299 twist, 186f warping, 167, 200

Plastic polarizing lenses, dyeing, 228 Plastic sludge, removal, 316-317 Plastic strap, usage, 290f

Plus cylinder form, 12 reading. See Lenses

Plus cylinder power readings. See Direct plus cylinder power readings

Plus edges, thickness (amount), 250 Plus lenses

blank size effect, 9-10

edge thickness errors, 250-251 faceted edge, usage, 166f

Plus-minus scale, 154. See also Edger dials zero setting, 155f

Plus-minus-powered lenses, thinning, 101f Pneumatic chucking, 159

Polariscope, usage, 305

Polarizing lenses spotting, 28-29, 29f testing exemption, 294

Polaroids, usage. See Crossed polaroids; Lenses Polished edges, usage, 166

Polishing, 3f. See also Glass; Plastic lenses drum tool, usage, 208

machine. See Automatic polishing machine rag wheel, usage, 207-208

Polycarbonate lens edging, 166f process, completion, 170 stress, 170

wheels, usage, 162 Polycarbonate lenses, 3f, 169-170

classification, 277 cleaning, 209 drilling, 258

dye distribution, 226 edge polishing, 208 edging process, 170 grooving, 285

hand edging, 201-202 stress, 170

thin centers, 277 tinting, 226

suggestions, 227b

wet/dry edging, selection, 170 Polycarbonate material, curled threads, 202f Posting requirements. See Hazardous chemicals Potassium nitrate, usage, 303

Potentially hazardous chemicals, 332b Power. See Cylinder power

calibration, 310 change, 106f

cross, imagining/sketching, 124f increase, 398

range. See 1.25D power

reading. See Direct plus cylinder power readings progressive zone changing power, impact, 100f

tools, usage, 338 variation, 11

verification, 34f. See also Spheres; Spherocylinders crossed-line-target lensmeter, usage. See

Spherocylinder lenses wheel, turning, 13

Practitioner-specified MRP height, centration, 393-394, 422-423

Pre-AR coated lenses, dyeing, 228 Precast FreeBlock blocking, 138, 139-140 Pre-edging, 161

Prefinished bifocals, spherocylinder lenses (matching), 2

Premarked line, scoring, 150f

Premarked progressives, verification, 32-34

Prentice’s Rule, 19-20 usage, 120. See also Prism

Prescribed cylinder axis, 5f

Prescribed prism, 98-100, 127, 395, 424-425 horizontal/vertical components, inclusion, 21 inclusion. See Autolensmeters

noninclusion. See Autolensmeters Prescription (Rx), 23

accuracy, 310 ethical factors, 92

fabrication, 41f

lens, manufacture/mounting, 66f Pressure blocking, 138-139

Primer coatings, benefit, 296

Prism. See Base-in prism; Yoked base down prism accuracy. See Lensmeter

amount. See Base up prism calculation, 91

lens orientation, 26f

calculation. See Progressive addition lenses compensation devices, instrument checking, 311f correction. See Unwanted vertical prism

figuring, Prentice’s rule (usage), 124f horizontal/vertical components. See Prescribed

prism

inclusion/noninclusion. See Lens spotting induction, 19

lenses. See Blemished prism lenses usage. See Inverted prism lens

restrictions. See Aspheric lenses; Atoric lenses segment multifocals, testing exemption, 294 standards. See Unwanted prism

thinning, 34 understanding, 397

usage. See Base down prism verification, MRP usage, 99f

Prism reference point (PRP), 33f, 98 change, 98f

definition, 19, 34, 98, 99f lens verification, 101f location, 104f

usage, 102f

Prismatic effect, 22f, 120f change, 123

creation, 20f verification, 101f

Prismatic lens, positioning, 22f Program evaluation, 331

Progressive addition lens centration, 97 conventional steps, 102b

hidden circles steps, 103b usage, 102-105

proficiency test questions, 110-111

Progressive addition lenses, 4, 32-35. See also Centration skills series; Occupational progressives; Specialty progressive addition lenses

conventional centration, 99-102 description, 98-105

distance power, verification, 100f fitting cross, 45f

vertical position, 44 hidden marks, 440f

horizontal prism, calculation, 101 impact. See Upper distance portion marked 180-degree reference marks, 237 mistake, 310

positioning. See Blocking; Centration hidden circles, usage, 103

power, 33f

reference points, 33f, 98-99

usage. See Immediate distances; Near working distances

verification. See Premarked progressives vertical position, calculation, 102 vertical prism, 100-101

visible marks, 440f Progressive corridor, 33f

width, 98f

Progressive lenses. See Non-premarked progressive lenses

fitting cross raise, 49f

fitting cross system, usage, 102f

markings. See Non-water-soluble progressive lens markings

Progressive zone, 33f, 101f

changing power, impact. See Power

Protective tape, usage. See Adhesive pad blocking Protractor. See Lenses

line. See Vertical protractor line

usage. See Horizontal protractor line usage. See Centration

PRP. See Prism reference point Pupil

center, 45f location, 51f vertical plane, 50f

Q

Quality control, 12f

sacrificing, 27f

R

Radius, doubling, 42f Rag wheel

buffing compound, usage, 208f usage. See Polishing