Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Essentials in Ophthalmology Uveitis and Immunological Disorders_Pleyer, Forrester_2010

ing the diagnostic yield of vitrectomy for intraocular lymphoma (Letter). Arch Ophthalmol 118:46

40.Pavan PR, Oteiza EE, Margo CE (1995) Ocular lymphoma diagnosed by internal subretinal pigment epithelium biopsy. Arch Ophthalmol 113:1233–1244

41.Kirmani MH, Thomas EL, Roa NA et al. (1987) Intraocular reticulum cell sarcoma: diagnosis by choroidal biopsy. Br J Ophthalmol 71:748–752

42.Zaldivar RA, Martin DF, Holden JT et al. (2004) Primary intraocular lymphoma: clinical, cytologic and flow cytometric analysis. Ophthalmology 111:1762–1767

43.Farkas T, Harbour JW, Davila RM (2004) Cytological diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma in vitreous aspirates. Acta Cytologica 48:487–491

44.Chan CC, Whitcup SM, Solomon D et al. (1995) Inter- leukin-10 in the vitreous of patients with primary intraocular lymphoma. Am J Ophthalmol 120:671–673

45.Davis JL, Solomon D, Nussenblatt RB et al. (1992) Immunocytochemical staining or vitreous cells. Indications, techniques and results. Ophthalmology 99:250–256

46.Coupland SE, Bechrakis NE, Anastassiou G et al. (2003) Evaluation of vitrectomy specimens and chorioretinal biopsies in the diagnosis of primary intraocular lymphoma in patients with masquerade syndrome. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 241:860–870

vival in primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 16:859–863

55.Batchelor TT, Kolak G, Ciordia R et al. (2003) High-dose methotrexate for intraocular lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 9:711–715

56.MasonJO,FischerDH(2003)Intrathecalchemotherapyfor recurrent central nervous system intraocular lymphoma. Ophthalmology 110:1241–1244

57.SandorV,Stark-VancsV,PearsonDetal.(1998)PhaseIItrial of chemotherapy alone for primary CNS and intraocular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 16:3000–3006

58.deSmetMD(2001)ManagementofnonHodgkin’sintraocular lymphoma with intravitreal methotrexate. Bullet de la Societe Belge d’Ophthalmologie 279:91–95

59.Soussain C, Suzan F, Hoang-Xuan K et al. (2001) Results of intensive chemotherapy followed by haematopoietic stem-cell rescue in 22 patients with refractory or recurrent primary CNS lymphoma or intraocular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 19:742–749

60.Jahnke K, Bechrakis NE, Coupland SE et al. (2004) Treatment of primary intraocular lymphoma with oral trofosfamide: report of two cases and review of the literature. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 242:771–776

61.Ben-Ezra D, Sahel JA, Harris NL et al. (1989) Uveal lymphoid infiltrates: immunohistochemical evidence for a lymphoid neoplasia. Br J Ophthalmol 73:846–851

ciation of interleukin-10 in the vitreous and cerebrospinal fluid and primary central nervous system lymphoma. Arch Ophthalmol 115:1157–1160

49.Akpek EK, Maca SM, Christen WG et al. (1999) Elevated vitreous interleukin-10 is not diagnostic of intraocular– central nervous system lymphoma. Ophthalmology 106:2291–2295

50.Chan CC (2003) Molecular pathology of primary intraocular lymphoma. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 101:275–292

51.Shen DF, Zhuang A, LeHoang P et al. (1998) Utility of microdissection and polymerase chain reaction for the detection of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and translocation in primary intraocular lymphoma. Ophthalmology 105:1664–1669

52.Katai N, Kuroiwa S, Fujimori K et al. (1997) Diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma by polymerase chain reaction. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthlamol 235:431–436

53.Ferreri AJ, Blay JY, Reni M et al. (2002) Relevance of intraocular involvement in the management of primary central nervous system lymphomas [International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG)]. Ann Oncol 13:531–538

pean-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: a proposal from the International Lymphoma Study Group. Blood 84:1361–1392

64.Coupland SE, Foss HD, Hidayat AA et al. (2002) Extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphomas of the uvea: an analysis of 13 cases. J Pathol 197:333–340

65.Coupland SE, Joussen A, Anastassiou G et al. (2005) Diagnosis of a primary uveal extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma by chorioretinal biopsy: case report. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 243:482–486

66.Cockeram GC, Hidayat AA, Bijwaard KE et al. (2000) Reevaulation of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the uvea: an immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of 10 cases. Ophthalmology 107:151–158

67.Coupland SE, Damato B (2006) Lymphomas involving the eye and the ocular adnexa. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 17:523–531

68.Parikh AH, Sameer HK, Wright JD et al. (2005) Systemic non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma simulating primary intraocular lymphoma. Am J Ophthalmol 139:573–574

69.Barr CC, Joondeph HC (1983) Retinal periphlebitis as the initial clinical finding in a patient with Hodgkin’s disease. Retina 3:253–257

70.Primbs GB, Monsees WE, Irvine AR (1961) Intraocular Hodgkin’s disease. Arch Ophthalmol 66:477–482

71.Gunduz K, Shields JA, Shields CL (1999) Transscleral choroidal biopsy in the diagnosis of choroidal lymphoma.

72.Fredrick DR, Char DH, Ljung BM et al. (1989) Solitary intraocular lymphoma as an initial presentation of widespread disease. Arch Ophthalmol 107:395–397

73.Coupland SE, Loddenkemper C, Smith JR et al. (2005)

Expression of immunoglobulin transcription factors in primary intraocular lymphoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46:3957–3964

74.Mudhar H, Sethuraman C, Khan DM et al. (2007) Intraocular, pan-uveal intravascular large B-cell lymphoma choroidal infarction, and choroidal tri-lineage extramedullary haematopoiesis. Histopathology 51:275–279

75.Elner VM, Hidayat AA, Charles NC et al. (1986) Neoplastic angioenotheliomatosis: a variant of malignant lymphoma: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations of three cases. Ophthalmology 93:1237–1245

76.Coupland SE, Anastassiou G, Bornfeld N et al. (2005) Primary intraocular lymphoma of T-cell type: report of a case and review of the literature. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 243:189–197

77.Goldey SH, Stern GA, Oblon DJ et al. (1989) Immunophenotypic characterization of an unusual T-cell lymphoma presenting as anterior uveitis. A clinicopathological case report. Arch Ophthalmol 107:1349–1353

78.Jensen OA, Johansen S, Kiss S (1994) Intraocular T-cell lymphoma mimicking a ring melanoma. First manifestation of a systemic disease. Report of a case and survery of the literature. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 232:148–152

79.Reim H, Dieler R, Wessing A (1990) Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma simulating chorioretinitis. Fortschritte der Ophthalmologie 87:557–559

80.Yeh KH, Lien HC, Hsu SM et al. (1999) Quiescent nasal T/ NK cell lymphoma manifested as primary central nervous system lymphoma. Am J Haematol 60:161–163

81.Hon C, Kwok AK, Shek TW et al. (2002) Vision-threaten- ing complications of nasal T/NK lymphoma. Am J Ophthalmol 134:406–410

85.Lois N, Hiscott PS, Nash J et al. (2000) Immunophenotypic shift in a case of mycosis fungoides with vitreous invasion. Arch Ophthalmol 118:1692–1694

86.Woog J, Kim YD, Yeatts RP et al. (2006) Natural killer/T- cell lymphoma with ocular and adnexal involvement. Ophthalmology 113:140–147

87.Coupland SE, Foss HD, Assaf C et al. (1999) T-cell and T/ natural killer cell lymphomas involving ocular and ocular adnexal tissues. Ophthalmology 106:2109–2120

88.Kohno T, Uchida H, Inomata H et al. (1993) Ocular manifestations of adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Ophthalmology 100:1794–1799

89.Kumar SR, Gill PS, Wagner DG et al. (1994) Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I-associated retinal lymphoma. A clinicopathologic report. Arch Ophthalmol 112:954–959

90.Davis JL, Miller DM, Ruiz P (2005) Diagnostic testing of vitrectomy specimens. Am J Ophthalmol 140:829–899

91.Kincaid MC, Green R (1983) Ocular and orbital involvement in leukaemia. Surv Ophthalmol 27:211–232

92.Hattenhauer MG, Pach JM (1996) Ocular lymphoma in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Am J Ophthalmol 122:266–268

93.Coupland SE, Foss HD, Bechrakis NE et al. (2001) Secondary ocular involvement in systemic “memory” B-cell lymphocytic leukaemia. Ophthalmology 108:1289–1295

94.Tranos PG, Andreou PS, Wickremasinghe SS et al. (2002) Pseudohypopyon as a feature of multiple myeloma. Arch Ophthalmol 120:87–88

95.Knapp AJ, Gartner S, Henkind P (1987) Multiple myeloma and its ocular manifestations. Surv Ophthalmol 31:343–351

96.Shakin EP, Augsburger JJ, Eagle RC et al. (1988) Multiple melanoma involving the iris. Arch Ophthalmol 106: 524–526

97.Singh AD, Bergman L, Seregard S (2005) Uveal melanoma: epidemiological aspects. Ophthalmol Clin N Am 18:75–84

98.Tsai T, O’Brien JM (2002) Masquerade syndromes: malignancies mimicking inflammation in the eye. Int Ophthalmol Clin 42:115–131

99.Damato B (2004) Developments in the management of uveal melanoma. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 32:639–647

Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) causes, 10

clinical management, 16 HLA-B27

class I and class II molecules, 11 clinical phenotype, 15 epidemiology, 10

global patterns, 10–11 immunogenetics, 11–12 inflammatory disease, 13 microbial triggers, 12–13

immunopathogenesis cytokines, 14

toll-like receptors (TLRs), 14–15 ocular complications, 15

other genetic risk factors, 13 Acute retinal necrosis, 89

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) anti-inflammatory drugs

angiostatic steroids, 80–81 antiangiogenic therapy, 81 immunotherapy, 81–82

anti-inflammatory treatment studies, 64 autoimmunity, 76

choroidal neovascularization (CNV), 74–75 complement activation, 67

drusen

CFH gene polymorphisms, 77 complement activation, 77–79 complement system, 76 immunohistochemical studies, 77–78 inflammatory components, 64

dry-type, 64–65, 67, 73–74 electron microscopy, 65, 66 genetic factors, 78–79 infectious pathogens, 75 inflammation role, 62 inflammatory cells, 74–75 inflammatory markers

C-reactive protein (CRP), 62 IL-6, 62–63

intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 1, 63 others, 63–64

retinal autoantibodies, 63

tumor necrosis factor-α (ΤΝF−α) 30, 63 white blood cell (WBC) count, 63

myeloid cells in pathogenesis

choroidal monocytes, 64–65 retinal microglia, 65–66 van

nutritional factors, 79–80 retinal transplantations, 82

subretinal microglia in aged mouse retina, 66 wet-type, 65, 67, 73–74

Anecortave acetate, 81 Antiangiogenic treatment, DME

bevacizumab, 37–38 intravitreous pegaptanib, 35–37 ranibizumab, 38

Antigen matching. See Histocompatibility matching Aqueous humour (AqH)

Goldmann–Witmer coefficient (GWC), 21 infectious agents identification, 21 intraocular antibody and PCR, 21 leukocyte populations

antigen specificity, 23 cytocentrifuge analysis, 21–22 flow cytometric analysis, 22–23 noninflamed eye, 21

microenvironment cytokine profiles, 23–24 IL-10, 24–25

immunological properties, 23 observable changes, 19–20 sampling, 20

Autoimmunity, 76

Behçet’s disease (BD), 88, 92

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, 101 Chemotherapy, 103

Chlamydia pneumoniae, 75 Choroidal neovascularization (CNV)

angiostatic steroids, 80 antiangiogenic therapy, 81 infectious pathogens, 75 inflammatory cells, 74–75 lutein and zeaxanthin, 80

Ciclosporin, 58

Clinically significant diabetic macular edema (CSME), 29, 34

Corticosteroids. See Glucocorticoids (GC) C-reactive protein (CRP), 62 Cytomegalovirus, 75

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), inflammatory disease clinical application

antiangiogenic treatment, 35–38 corticosteroids, 34–35

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), 34 clinical problems and cellular interaction, 29–30 diabetic vascular leakage

inhibited by anti-inflammatory agents, 31–32 mediated by inflammation, 31

elevated adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators, 30

fluorescein angiography, 36 optical coherence tomography, 36

retinal vascular remodeling and growth leukocytes, 32–33

VEGF, 33–34

Eales disease, 92–93

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, 58

Glucocorticoids (GC) CD4+ CD25int T cells, 52

control and action, 46–47 endogenous type, 45–47 exogenous type, 48–49 immune mechanisms, 50–51

noninfectious uveitis treatment, 48–49 other inflammatory diseases, 49–50 regulators

cell function control, 48 hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, 45–47 interleukin-2/GC balance, 48

steroid refractory phenotype, 49–50 ulcerative colitis (UC), 49

Granulomatous anterior uveitis, 56

H antigens ABO, 5

graft rejections, 3–4 H-Y and HA-3, 4

Histocompatibility matching H antigens

ABO, 5

graft rejections, 3–4 H-Y and HA-3, 4

human leukocyte antigen (HLA) differential matching, 3

gene loci classes, 1–2 penetrating keratoplasty, 2–3 typing methods, 2

recommended clinical practice, 6 waiting time variability and prediction, 5

HLA-B27, AAU

class I and class II molecules, 11 and clinical phenotype, 15

and disease, 10–11

epidemiology, 10 immunogenetics, 11–12 inflammatory disease, 13 microbial triggers, 12–13

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) differential matching, 3

gene loci classes, 1–2 penetrating keratoplasty, 2–3 typing methods, 2

Idiopathic isolated RV, 89

Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 1, 63 Interferon-β, 58

Intravascular B-cell lymphoma, 106 Intravenous corticosteroids treatment, 58

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), 111

Keratic precipitates (KP), 9

Lymphoproliferative malignancies, masquerade syndrome leukaemias, 107

paraproteinaemias, 107

primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) clinical features, 98–99 epidemiology, 98

fluorescein angiography, 99–100 primary uveal lymphoma, 104–105 prognosis, 104

secondary intraocular lymphomas, 105

diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 106 intravascular B-cell lymphoma, 106

T or T/Nk-cell lymphomas, 106–107 special investigations

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, 101 neuroradiology, 100

tissue analysis techniques cytokines, 103 cytology, 101–102

immunohistochemistry, 102–103 molecular analysis, 103

tissue biopsy, 101 treatment

chemotherapy, 103

combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy, 104 radiation therapy, 103

vitreous sampling, 101

Major transplantation antigens. See Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)

Malignant angioendotheliomatosis. See Intravascular B-cell lymphoma

Masquerade syndrome diagnosis, 98

lymphoproliferative malignancies leukaemias, 107 paraproteinaemias, 107

primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL), 97–100 primary uveal lymphoma, 104–105

prognosis, 104

secondary intraocular lymphomas, 105–107 special investigations, 100–101

tissue analysis techniques, 101–103 tissue biopsy, 101

treatment, 103–104 nonlymphoproliferative malignancies

juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), 111 ocular metastases, 110–111 retinoblastoma, 109–110

uveal melanoma, 108–109

Minor transplantation antigens. See H antigens Multiple sclerosis (MS), 55

clinical findings, 56–57 EAE model, 58 fluorescence angiogram, 57

histopathological findings, 57 intravenous corticosteroids treatment, 58 retinal vasculitis, 93–94

Neuroradiology, 100 Nonlymphoproliferative malignancies

juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), 111 ocular metastases, 110–111 retinoblastoma, 109–110

uveal melanoma, 108–109

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), 34

Ocular metastases, 110–111

Paraproteinaemias, 107

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), 81 Primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL)

clinical features, 98–99 epidemiology, 98

fluorescein angiography, 99–100 Primary uveal lymphoma, 104–105

Radiation therapy, 103 Retinal autoantibodies, 63 Retinal microglial activation

AMD, 65–66 physiological aging, 65

Retinal transplantations, 82 Retinal vasculitis (RV)

composite fluorescein angiogram, 92 infection

syphilis, 95

viral retinitis, 94–95

necrosis, 92

ocular tuberculosis, 93 ophthalmological features, 91

primary, idiopathic, isolated type, 90–92 retinal vessels

pathology, 88

specific diseases, 88–90 systemic disease

Behçet’s disease (BD), 92 Eales disease, 92–93

multiple sclerosis (MS), 93–94 sarcoidosis, 93

tuberculosis (TB), 93 Retinal vessels

diseases

acute retinal necrosis, 89 Behçet’s disease (BD), 88 idiopathic isolated RV, 89 sarcoidosis, 89

sympathetic ophthalmia, 89–90 tuberculosis, 88–89

pathology, 88 Retinoblastoma, 109–110

Sarcoidosis, 89, 93

Secondary intraocular lymphomas, 105

diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 106 intravascular B-cell lymphoma, 106

T or T/Nk-cell lymphomas, 106–107 Steroid refractory phenotype, 49–50 Steroid sensitivity. See Glucocorticoids (GC) Sympathetic ophthalmia, 89–90

Syphilis, 95

Tissue analysis techniques cytokines, 103 cytology, 101–102

immunohistochemistry, 102–103 molecular analysis, 103

Transplantations. See Retinal transplantations Triamcinolone, 80

Tuberculosis (TB), 88–89, 93

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF–α), 63

Ulcerative colitis (UC), 49

Uveal melanoma, 108–109

Vaso-obliteration, 32–33

VEGF inhibitors. See Antiangiogenic treatment Viral retinitis, 94–95

Vitreous sampling, 101