EVIDENCE-BASED
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Edited by Richard Wormald, Liam Smeeth and Katherine Henshaw
Evidence-based Ophthalmology
Evidence-based Ophthalmology
Edited by
Richard Wormald
Consultant Ophthalmologist, Moorfields Eye Hospital,
Honorary Senior Lecturer, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Coordinating Editor, Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group, London, UK
Liam Smeeth
Senior Lecturer in Clinical Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, General Practitioner, London and Editor, Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group, London, UK
Katherine Henshaw
Review Group Coordinator, Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group, London, UK
With research by Anupa Shah
Trial Search Coordinator, Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group, London, UK
© BMJ Publishing Group 2004
BMJ Books is an imprint of the BMJ Publishing Group
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers.
First published in 2004
by BMJ Books, BMA House, Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9JR
www.bmjbooks.com
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 0 7279 1443 X
Typeset by SIVA Math Setters, Chennai, India
Printed and bound by MPG Books, Bodmin, Cornwall
Contents
Contributors |
ix |
|
Preface |
xiii |
|
Evidence-based Ophthalmology CD Rom |
xiv |
|
Glossary |
xv |
|
Section I: The basics |
1 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
Finding the evidence |
3 |
|
Kay Dickersin |
|
2 |
Synthesising the evidence |
7 |
|
Jennifer Evans |
|
3 |
Evidence in practice |
11 |
|
Richard Wormald |
|
Section II: Primary care |
15 |
|
Aziz Sheikh, Editor |
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
Allergic conjunctivitis |
17 |
|
Christopher G Owen, Katherine Henshaw, Liam Smeeth, Aziz Sheikh |
|
5 |
Acute bacterial conjunctivitis |
33 |
|
Aziz Sheikh |
|
6 |
Viral conjunctivitis |
37 |
|
Hazel Everitt |
|
7 |
Screening older people for impaired vision |
41 |
|
Liam Smeeth |
|
Section III: Paediatrics and ocular motility |
45 |
|
Jugnoo S Rahi, Clare Gilbert, Editors |
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
Congenital and infantile cataract |
47 |
|
Jugnoo S Rahi |
|
9 |
Congenital glaucoma |
53 |
|
Maria Papadopoulos, PT Khaw |
|
10 |
Retinopathy of prematurity |
57 |
|
Clare Gilbert |
|
11 |
Ophthalmia neonatorum |
71 |
|
Jane Moseley |
|
v
Evidence-based Ophthalmology
12 |
Unilateral amblyopia |
81 |
|
Cathy Williams |
|
13 |
Infantile esotropia |
87 |
|
Lorraine Cassidy, Jugnoo S Rahi |
|
14 |
Accommodative esotropia |
91 |
|
Michael Clarke |
|
15 |
Childhood exotropia |
95 |
|
Sarah Richardson, Lawrence Gnanaraj |
|
16 |
Prevention of myopia progression |
101 |
|
Ian Flitcroft |
|
Section IV: Adnexal |
109 |
|
Michael J Wearne, Editor |
|
|
|
|
|
17 |
Entropion and ectropion |
111 |
|
Kostas G Boboridis, Michael J Wearne |
|
18 |
Thyroid eye disease |
115 |
|
Michael J Wearne, Silvia Wengrowicz |
|
19 |
Lacrimal obstruction |
119 |
|
Vinidh Paleri, Andrew K Robson, Michael Bearn |
|
Section V: Cornea and external disease |
123 |
|
Linda Ficker, Editor |
|
|
|
|
|
20 |
Trachoma |
125 |
|
Denise Mabey |
|
21 |
Corneal abrasion and recurrent erosion |
129 |
|
David F Anderson |
|
22 |
Herpes simplex keratitis |
137 |
|
Alonso Rodriguez |
|
23 |
Suppurative keratitis |
145 |
|
Stephanie L Watson |
|
Section VI: Uveitis |
155 |
|
Carlos Pavesio, Editor |
|
|
|
|
|
24 |
Ocular toxoplasmosis |
157 |
|
Carlos Pavesio |
|
25 |
Onchocerciasis |
161 |
|
Henry Ejere |
|
26 |
Idiopathic (autoimmune) sight-threatening uveitis |
167 |
|
Philip I Murray |
|
vi
|
|
Contents |
|
|
|
27 |
Cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS |
175 |
|
Adnan Tufail |
|
28 |
Anterior uveitis |
191 |
|
Nicholas P Jones |
|
Section VII: Glaucoma |
195 |
|
Richard Wormald, Editor |
|
|
|
|
|
29 |
Primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension |
197 |
|
Richard Wormald, Rajiv Shah |
|
30 |
Acute and chronic angle closure glaucoma |
205 |
|
Richard Wormald, Rajiv Shah |
|
31 |
Modification of wound healing in glaucoma drainage surgery |
211 |
|
JF Kirwan, Richard Wormald |
|
Section VIII: Cataract |
219 |
|
Emma Hollick, Editor |
|
|
|
|
|
32 |
Cataract surgical techniques |
221 |
|
Jodhbir S Mehta |
|
33 |
Intraocular lens implant biocompatibility |
243 |
|
Emma Hollick |
|
34 |
Multifocal and monofocal intraocular lenses |
259 |
|
Martin Leyland |
|
35 |
Perioperative management of cataract surgery |
269 |
|
Vincenzo Maurino |
|
Section IX: Retinal diseases |
287 |
|
Bill Aylward, Editor |
|
|
|
|
|
36 |
Age-related macular degeneration |
289 |
|
Jennifer Evans |
|
37 |
Treatment of lattice degeneration and asymptomatic retinal breaks to |
|
|
prevent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment |
301 |
|
Charles P Wilkinson |
|
38 |
Surgery for proliferative vitreoretinopathy |
303 |
|
David G Charteris |
|
39 |
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment |
307 |
|
Graham Duguid, Sarit Lesnik-Oberstein |
|
40 |
Surgical management of full-thickness macular hole |
317 |
|
Eric Ezra |
|
41 |
Retinal vein occlusion |
323 |
|
Heather Baldwin |
|
vii
Evidence-based Ophthalmology
Section X: Diabetic retinopathy |
329 |
|
Bernd Richter, Editor |
|
|
|
|
|
42 |
Medical interventions for diabetic retinopathy |
331 |
|
Bernd Richter, Eva Kohner |
|
43 |
Photocoagulation for sight threatening diabetic retinopathy |
341 |
|
Jonathan GF Dowler |
|
44 |
Vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy |
347 |
|
Paul Sullivan, Alistair Laidlaw |
|
Section XI: Neuro-ophthalmology |
351 |
|
James Acheson, Editor |
|
|
|
|
|
45 |
Optic neuritis |
353 |
|
Simon J Hickman |
|
46 |
Arteritic and non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy |
357 |
|
Ahmed Toosy |
|
47 |
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension |
363 |
|
Christian J Lueck, Gawn G McIlwaine |
|
48 |
Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathies |
367 |
|
Fion Bremner |
|
49 |
Traumatic optic neuropathy |
371 |
|
Andrew S Jacks |
|
Section XII: Ophthalmic oncology |
373 |
|
Arun D Singh, Editor |
|
|
|
|
|
50 |
Ocular adnexal and orbital tumours |
375 |
|
Santosh G Honavar, Arun D Singh |
|
51 |
Uveal melanoma |
383 |
|
Arun D Singh, Paul A Rundle, Ian G Rennie |
|
52 |
Retinoblastoma |
387 |
|
Arun D Singh |
|
Section XIII: Rehabilitation |
393 |
Gary Rubin, Editor |
|
|
|
53 Vision rehabilitation |
395 |
Gary Rubin |
|
Index |
401 |
viii