Acknowledgments
I would like to acknowledge, with gratitude, my parents, family, friends, teachers, and patients.
—Adam J. Cohen
To my wife, Rebecca, whose editorial support was immeasurably helpful, and my three wonderful children, Elena, Sara, and Jonathan.
—David A. Weinberg
xi
Contents
Part I Introduction |
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1 |
Introduction............................................................................... |
3 |
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Adam J. Cohen and David A. Weinberg |
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2 The History of Ptosis Surgery................................................... |
5 |
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Mithra O. Gonzalez and Vikram D. Durairaj |
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3 Eyelid Anatomy and Physiology with Reference |
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to Blepharoptosis....................................................................... |
13 |
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Jonathan J. Dutton and Bartley R. Frueh |
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Part II |
Approach to the Ptosis Patient |
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4 Risk Factor Assessment Prior to Ptosis Surgery.................... |
29 |
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David I. Silbert |
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5 Ptosis: Nailing the Diagnosis and Considering |
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the Differential Diagnosis.......................................................... |
37 |
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Geoff Wilcsek and Ian C. Francis |
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6 Preoperative Decision Making in Ptosis Surgery................... |
49 |
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Chris Thiagarajah and Robert Kersten |
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Part III |
Ptosis Subtypes |
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7 |
Pseudoptosis............................................................................... |
61 |
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Adam J. Cohen and David A. Weinberg |
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8 |
Congenital Ptosis....................................................................... |
67 |
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Edward J. Wladis and Dale R. Meyer |
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9 |
Involutional Ptosis..................................................................... |
73 |
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Jose Luis Tovilla |
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xiii
xiv |
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Contents |
10 |
Myogenic Ptosis.......................................................................... |
79 |
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Natan D. Kahn and David A. Weinberg |
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11 |
Myasthenia Gravis..................................................................... |
107 |
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Ippolit C. A. Matjucha |
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12 |
Neurogenic Blepharoptosis....................................................... |
115 |
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Jonathan W. Kim |
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13 |
Traumatic Blepharoptosis......................................................... |
129 |
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Nariman S. Boyle and Eli L. Chang |
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14 |
Anophthalmic Ptosis.................................................................. |
141 |
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Ann P. Murchison and Jurij R. Bilyk |
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15 |
Lash Ptosis.................................................................................. |
147 |
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Renzo A. Zaldívar, Michael S. Lee, |
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and Andrew R. Harrison |
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Part IV Treatment |
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16 |
The Nonsurgical Treatment of Ptosis....................................... |
155 |
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Ippolit C. A. Matjucha |
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17 |
External Levator Resection...................................................... |
163 |
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Morris E. Hartstein, Natan D. Kahn, and David A. Weinberg |
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18 |
Minimal Dissection, Small Incision Ptosis Correction........... |
175 |
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Bartley R. Frueh |
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19 |
Müller’s Muscle-Conjunctival Resection |
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(Posterior Approach)................................................................. |
179 |
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Adam J. Cohen and David A. Weinberg |
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20 |
Open-Sky (Anterior Approach) Müller’s Muscle Resection |
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for the Correction of Blepharoptosis....................................... |
189 |
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Heather Baldwin |
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21 |
The Fasanella–Servat Procedure for Ptosis............................. |
197 |
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Kim Jebodhsingh, James Oestreicher, and John T. Harvey |
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22 |
Full-Thickness Eyelid Resection for Blepharoptosis |
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Correction................................................................................... |
207 |
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Shu-Hong Chang and Norm Shorr |
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23 |
Frontalis Suspension for the Correction |
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of Blepharoptosis....................................................................... |
217 |
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Eve E. Moscato and Stuart R. Seiff |
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Contents |
xv |
Part V Other Considerations |
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24 In-Office Surgery, Anesthesia, and Analgesia......................... |
231 |
C. Robert Bernardino |
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25 Ethnic and Gender Considerations in Ptosis Surgery............ |
243 |
Jed Poll and Michael T. Yen |
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26 Aesthetic Considerations for the Ptosis Surgeon.................... |
249 |
Adam J. Cohen and David A. Weinberg |
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27 Challenging Ptosis Scenarios.................................................... |
253 |
John B. Holds, Adam G. Buchanan, Morris Hartstein, |
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David A. Weinberg, and Adam J. Cohen |
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28 Ptosis Surgery: Comparing Different Surgical |
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Techniques.................................................................................. |
263 |
Alon Skaat and Guy Jonathan Ben Simon |
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29 Ptosis Surgery Failure and Reoperation.................................. |
269 |
Jill Melicher and Jefferey A. Nerad |
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30 Complications of Ptosis Repair: Prevention |
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and Management....................................................................... |
275 |
Milad Hakimbashi, Don O. Kikkawa, and Bobby S. Korn |
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31 Commentary: Perspective of a Risk Manager: |
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12 Steps of a Successful Surgical Encounter........................... |
289 |
John Shore |
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32 Conclusion.................................................................................. |
301 |
Adam J. Cohen and David A. Weinberg |
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Index................................................................................................... |
303 |