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Файл:Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Essentials in Ophthalmology Oculoplastics and Orbit Aesthetic and Functional Oculofacial Plastic Problem-Solving in the 21st Century_Guthoff, Katowitz_2009.pdf
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- •Chapter 1
- •Ocular Adnexal Lymphoproliferative
- •1.1 Pathogenesis
- •1.2 Chronic Antigen Stimulation
- •1.3 Immunosuppression
- •1.4 Pathology
- •1.5 Cytogenetics
- •1.6 Clinical Features
- •1.7 Imaging Findings
- •1.8 Staging
- •1.9 Positron Emission Tomography
- •1.10 Treatment
- •1.11 Follicular Lymphoma
- •1.12 Mantle Cell Lymphoma
- •1.13 Radiotherapy
- •1.14 Chemotherapy
- •1.15 Immunotherapy
- •1.16 Radioimmunotherapy
- •1.17 Outcome
- •1.18 The Future
- •References
- •Chapter 2
- •2.1 General Introduction
- •2.2 The Aging Process and Facial Analysis
- •2.3 Endoscopic Brow Lift
- •2.3.1 Introduction
- •2.3.2 Endoscopic Browlift Anesthesia Pearls
- •2.3.4 Endoscopic Browlift Postoperative Care Pearls
- •2.4 Upper Blepharoplasty
- •2.4.1 Introduction
- •2.4.2 Patient Evaluation
- •2.4.3 Upper Blepharoplasty Anesthesia Pearls
- •2.4.4 Upper Blepharoplasty Surgical Procedure Pearls
- •2.5 Lower Blepharoplasty, Fillers, and Midface Augmentation
- •2.5.1 Introduction
- •2.5.2 Patient Evaluation
- •2.5.3 Lower Blepharoplasty Anesthesia Pearls
- •2.5.4 Lower Blepharoplasty Surgical Procedure Pearls
- •References
- •Chapter 3
- •3.1 Introduction
- •3.2 What Is the Diagnosis?
- •3.2.1 Pitfalls of Diagnosis
- •3.2.2 A Diagnostic Corticosteroid Trial?
- •3.2.3 The Question of Biopsy
- •3.3 Treatment
- •3.3.1 Corticosteroids
- •3.3.2 Radiation
- •3.3.3 Other Agents
- •3.4 Special Circumstances
- •3.4.1 Pediatric IOIS
- •3.4.2 Sclerosing Pseudotumor
- •3.4.3 Tolosa–Hunt Syndrome
- •References
- •Chapter 4
- •4.1 Introduction
- •4.2 Embryology, Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology of the Canalicular System
- •4.3 Infective Causes
- •4.3.1 Periocular Herpes Simplex Infection
- •4.3.2 Bacterial Canaliculitis
- •4.4.1 Lichen Planus
- •4.4.2 Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid
- •4.5 Iatrogenic Causes
- •4.5.1 Systemic Drugs
- •4.5.1.2 Docetaxel (Taxotere)
- •4.5.2 Radiotherapy
- •4.5.3 Topical Ophthalmic Treatments
- •4.5.3.2 Mitomycin C (MMC) Therapy
- •4.5.4 Lacrimal Stents and Plugs
- •4.6 The Surgical Approach to Managing Canalicular Disease
- •4.6.1 Surgical Technique for Dacryocystorhinostomy with Retrograde Canaliculostomy
- •References
- •Chapter 5
- •5.1 Introduction
- •5.2 Nomenclature
- •5.3 Clinical Manifestations of NF1
- •5.4 Orbitofacial Tumors in NF1
- •5.4.2 Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
- •5.4.3 Optic Pathway Gliomas
- •5.5 Genetics
- •5.5.1 The NF1 Gene
- •5.5.2 Overlapping NF1-Like Phenotype (SPRED1)
- •5.6.1 Introduction
- •5.7 Surgical Management of Orbitofacial Tumors in NF1
- •5.7.1 Introduction
- •5.7.2 Timing of Surgery
- •5.7.3 Periorbital Involvement
- •5.7.3.1 The Upper Eyelid
- •5.7.3.2 The Lower Eyelid and Midface
- •5.7.4 Orbital Involvement
- •5.7.4.1 Proptosis
- •5.7.4.3 Proptosis Due to Optic Nerve Glioma
- •5.7.4.4 Orbital Enlargement with Dystopia and Hypoglobus
- •5.8 The Natural History of NF1 Tumor Growth from Birth to Senescence
- •References
- •Chapter 6
- •6.1 Introduction
- •6.2 Surgical Anatomy of the Lacrimal Drainage System
- •6.3 Basic Diagnostics for Disorders of the Lacrimal Drainage System
- •6.4 Selective Lacrimal Sac Biopsy in External Dacryocystorhinostomy
- •6.5.1 Case A
- •6.5.2 Case B
- •6.5.3 Case C
- •6.5.4 Case D
- •6.5.5 Case E
- •6.5.6 Case F
- •6.5.7 Case G
- •References
- •Chapter 7
- •7.1 Introduction
- •7.2 Patients and Methods
- •7.2.1 Patients
- •7.2.2 Examination
- •7.3 Results
- •7.3.1 Patient Data
- •7.3.3 Family History
- •7.3.4 Pregnancy History
- •7.3.5 Birth
- •7.3.6 Associated Systemic and Ocular Diseases
- •7.3.8 Neuroradiological Findings (Brain MRI)
- •7.3.9 Nasolacrimal System Findings
- •7.4 Discussion
- •7.4.1 Patients
- •7.4.2 Obstetric and Family History
- •7.4.3 Associated Pathologies
- •7.4.3.1 Ophthalmological Findings in Unilateral Disease
- •7.4.3.2 Neuroradiological Findings
- •7.4.3.3 Systemic Diseases
- •7.4.3.4 Nasolacrimal Duct Findings
- •7.5 Conclusions
- •References
- •Chapter 8
- •8.1 Introduction
- •8.2 Evaluation of Complicated Ptosis
- •8.2.1 Compensatory Eyebrow Elevation
- •8.2.3 Innervation Patterns of the Frontalis Muscle
- •8.2.4 Checklist of Preoperative Evaluation of Complicated Ptosis
- •8.3 Surgical Technique of Levator Muscle Recession
- •8.3.1 Principle
- •8.3.2 Approach to the Levator
- •8.3.3 Partial Levator Recession
- •8.3.4 Total Levator Recession
- •8.3.6 Undercorrection and Overcorrection
- •8.4 Surgical Technique of Brow Suspension
- •8.4.1 Materials for Brow Suspension
- •8.4.1.1 Nonautogenous Materials
- •8.4.1.2 Autogenous Fascia Lata
- •8.4.2 Our Technique of Harvesting Autogenous Fascia Lata
- •8.4.3 Mechanical Principals of Brow Suspension
- •8.4.4 Upper Lid Approach
- •8.4.5 Fascia Implantation
- •References
- •Chapter 9
- •Modern Concepts in Orbital Imaging
- •9.1 Computerized Tomography
- •9.2 Three-Dimensional Imaging
- •9.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- •9.3.1 The T1 Constant
- •9.3.2 The T2 Constant
- •9.3.3 Creating the MR Image
- •9.4 Imaging of Common Orbital Lesions
- •9.4.1 Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
- •9.4.2 Cavernous Hemangioma
- •9.4.3 Dermoid Cyst
- •9.4.4 Fibrous Dysplasia
- •9.4.5 Lymphangioma
- •9.4.6 Lymphoma
- •9.4.7 Myositis
- •9.4.8 Optic Nerve Glioma
- •9.4.9 Pseudotumor
- •9.4.10 Rhabdomyosarcoma
- •9.6 Positron Emission Tomography
- •9.7 Orbital Ultrasound
- •9.7.1 Physics and Instrumentation
- •9.7.1.1 Topographic Echography
- •9.7.1.2 Quantitative Echography
- •9.7.1.3 Kinetic Echography
- •9.7.2 Extraocular Muscles
- •9.7.3 Optic Nerves
- •References
- •Chapter 10
- •10.1 Introduction
- •10.3 Etiology
- •10.4 Microbiology
- •10.5 Changing Pathogens and Resistance
- •10.5.2 Orbital MRSA
- •10.6 Evaluation of Orbital Cellulitis
- •10.7 Medical Treatment of Orbital Cellulitis
- •10.8 Surgical Treatment of Orbital Cellulitis
- •10.9 Prevention of Orbital Cellulitis After Orbital Fracture
- •References
- •Chapter 11
- •11.1 Clinical Picture
- •11.1.1 Clinical Phases
- •11.2 Ocular Complications
- •11.3 Investigation
- •11.3.1 Angiography
- •11.4 Management
- •11.4.1 Active Nonintervention
- •11.4.2 Indications for Treatment
- •11.5 Modalities of Treatment
- •11.5.1 Steroids
- •11.5.1.1 Topical Steroids
- •11.5.1.2 Intralesional Corticosteroid Injection
- •11.5.1.3 Oral Corticosteroids
- •11.5.2 Interferon-Alfa
- •11.5.3 Vincristine
- •11.5.4 Laser
- •11.5.5 Embolization
- •11.5.6 Surgery
- •References
- •Chapter 12
- •12.1 Introduction
- •12.2 Epidemiology
- •12.3 Biological Behavior and Timing of Metastasis
- •12.4 Lateralization
- •12.5 Localization
- •12.6 Clinical Features
- •12.7 Imaging and Patterns of Orbital Metastatic Disease
- •12.8 Biopsy
- •12.9 Common Types of Orbital Metastases
- •12.9.1 Breast Carcinoma
- •12.9.2 Lung Carcinoma
- •12.9.3 Prostatic Cancer
- •12.9.4 Melanoma
- •12.9.5 Carcinoid Tumor
- •12.11 Treatment
- •12.11.1 Radiotherapy
- •12.11.2 Chemotherapy
- •12.11.3 Hormonal Therapy
- •12.11.4 Surgery
- •12.12 Prognosis and Survival
- •References
- •Chapter 13
- •13.1 Introduction
- •13.2 Rituximab
- •13.3 Yttrium-90-Labeled Ibritumomab Tiuxetan
- •13.4 Imatinib Mesylate
- •13.5 Cetuximab
- •References
- •Chapter 14
- •14.1 Introduction
- •14.2 Porous Orbital Implants
- •14.3 Orbital Implant Selection in Adults
- •14.4 Orbital Implant Selection in Children
- •14.5 Volume Considerations in Orbital Implant Selection
- •14.7 Which Wrap to Use
- •14.8 To Peg or Not to Peg Porous Implants
- •14.9 Summary
- •References
- •Chapter 15
- •15.1 Introduction
- •15.2 Etiology and Presentation
- •15.2.1 Etiology of Orbital Volume Loss
- •15.2.2 Etiology of Periorbital Volume Loss
- •15.2.3 Features of Orbital Volume Loss
- •15.2.4 Features of Periorbital Volume Loss
- •15.3 Background to Injectable Soft-Tissue Fillers
- •15.3.1 Historical Perspective on Volume Replacement
- •15.4 Types of Injectable Soft-Tissue Filler
- •15.4.1 Collagen Fillers
- •15.4.2 Hyaluronic acid Fillers
- •15.5 Treatment Areas
- •15.5.1 Orbit
- •15.5.2 Upper Eyelid and Brow
- •15.5.3 Tear Trough
- •15.5.4 Temple and Brow
- •15.6 Other Periorbital Uses of Injectable Soft-Tissue Fillers
- •15.6.1 Upper Eyelid Loading
- •15.6.2 Lower Eyelid Elevation
- •15.6.3 Treatment of Cicatricial Ectropion
- •15.7 Future Developments
- •References
15.6 Other Periorbital Uses of Injectable Soft-Tissue Fillers |
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15.6Other Periorbital Uses of Injectable Soft-Tissue Fillers
The many advantages of injectable soft-tissue fillers have led to an expansion of their role in the perior-
bital area. Recent reports have emerged describing the use of hyaluronic acid gel for a range of other periorbital pathologies which only indirectly related to volume enhancement (Fig. 15.6). These are discussed below.
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
Fig. 15.6 Novel uses of peri-orbital injectable soft-tissue fillers. (a) Bilateral lower eyelid retraction due to negative facial vector and previous lower eyelid blepharoplasty. (b) Two months following bilateral lower eyelid Restylane®injection. (c) Multiple previous lower eyelid surgeries and persistent lower eyelid retraction. (d) Six months following left lower eyelid Restylane® injection. (e) Left lower eyelid retraction secondary to mild paresis, cicatricial changes and previous blepharoplasty. (f) Two months following left lower eyelid Restylane® injection. (g) Intensive care patient with 5mm right lagophthalmos on gentle eyelid closure. (h) Complete eyelid closure immediately following right upper eyelid loading with Juvederm Ultra.® (i) Left paralytic lagophthalmos due to Bell’s palsy in a 90-year man (j) Gentle eyelid closure five months following left upper eyelid loading with Juvederm Ultra®. (k) Persistent paralytic lagophthalmos secondary to childhood mastoiditis, despite prior upper eyelid loading with a gold weight (l) Two months following additional right upper eyelid loading with Restylane.® Resolution of lagophthalmos on gentle eyelid closure and concurrent improvement in superior sulcus hollowing. All of these pictures are courtesy of Prof R Goldberg
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