Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Elevation Based Corneal Tomography 2nd_Belin, Khachikian, Ambrósio_2011
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Elevation Based
Corneal Tomography
Second Edition
Editors:
Michael W. Belin, MD, FACS
Stephen S. Khachikian, MD
Renato Ambrósio Jr., MD, PhD
An Editorial Branch of Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.
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© Copyright, English Edition, 2012 for Jaypee - Highlights Medical Publishers, Inc.
All rights reserved and protected by Copyright. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, photocopying, mechanical, recording or otherwise, nor the illustrations copied, modified or utilized for projection without the prior, written permission of the copyright owner.
Due to the fact that this book will reach ophthalmologists from different countries with different training, cultures and backgrounds, the procedures and practices described in this book should be implemented in a manner consistent with the professional standards set for the circumstances that apply in each specific situation. Every effort has been made to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to correctly relate generally accepted practices. The authors, editors, and publisher cannot accept responsibility for errors or exclusions or for the outcome of the application of the material presented herein. There is no expressed or implied warranty for this book or information imparted by it.
Any review or mention of specific companies or products is not intended as an endorsement by the authors or the publisher.
Belin, Michael W., MD, FACS; Khachikian, Stephen S., MD; Ambrosio Jr., Renato, MD, PhD
“ELEVATION BASED CORNEAL TOMOGRAPHY”
Second Edition
ISBN: 978-9962-678-53-3
Published for: |
Jaypee - Highlights Medical Publishers, Inc. |
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City of Knowledge |
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International Technopark, Bldg. 237 |
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Gaillard Highway, Clayton |
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Panama Rep. of Panama |
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Phone: (507) 301-0496 / 97 - Fax: (507) 301-0499 |
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Editors
Michael W. Belin, MD., FACS
Professor of Ophthalmology & Vision Science
University of Arizona &
Southern Arizona Veterans Administration
Health Care System
Tucson, Arizona (USA)
Stephen S. Khachikian, MD
Black Hills Regional Eye Institute
Rapid City, South Dakota (USA)
Renato Ambrósio Jr., MD, PhD
Instituto de Olhos Renato Ambrósio Rio de Janeiro Corneal Tomography and Biomechanics Study Group Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology Federal University of São Paulo Brazil
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Contributing Authors
Renato Ambrósio Jr., MD, PhD |
Frederico P. Guerra, MD |
Instituto de Olhos Renato Ambrósio |
Brazilian Study Group of Artificial Intelligence |
Rio de Janeiro Corneal Tomography |
and Corneal Analysis (BrAIn), Brazil |
and Biomechanics Study Group |
Instituto de Olhos Renato Ambrósio & |
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology |
Rio de Janeiro Corneal Tomography and |
Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil |
Biomechanics Study Group, |
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Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
Luana P. N. Araújo, MD |
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Brazilian Study Group of Artificial Intelligence |
Stephen S. Khachikian, MD |
and Corneal Analysis (BrAIn), Brazil |
Black Hills Regional Eye Institute |
Universidade Federal de Alagoas, |
Rapid City, South Dakota (USA) |
Maceió, Brazil |
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Michael W. Belin, MD., FACS |
Joerg Iwanczuk, Dipl Ing (FH) |
Professor of Ophthalmology & Vision Science |
Product Manager |
University of Arizona & |
OCULUS Optikgeräte, GmbH |
Southern Arizona Veterans Administration |
Wetzlar, Germany |
Health Care System |
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Tucson, Arizona (USA) |
Shuning Li, MD, PhD |
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Beijing Ophthalmology & |
Edmondo Borasio, MedC, BQ, FEBO |
Visual Science Key Lab, |
Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon |
Beijing Tongren Eye Center, |
Moorfields Eye Hospital, Dubai |
Beijing Tongren Hospital, |
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Capital Medical University, Beijing, China |
Isaac Carvalho de Oliveira Ramos, MD |
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Anterior Segment Fellow at |
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Hospital Nossa Senhora da Saúde |
Allan Luz, MD, PhD |
(Gamboa), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
Doctorate Fellow at |
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Federal University of São Paulo |
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Cornea Department of |
Dilraj Grewal, MD |
Hospital de Olhos de Sergipe |
Department of Ophthalmology |
São Paulo, Brazil |
Northwestern University |
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Chicago, Illinois, (USA) |
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João Marcelo Lyra, MD, PhD
Professor of Post-Graduation in
Artificial Intelligence and Ophthalmology
Alagoas Federal University
Member of Brazilian Study Group of
Artificial Intelligence and Corneal Analysis
(BrAIn), Maceió, Brazil
Aydano P. Machado, MSc, PhD
Brazilian Study Group of Artificial Intelligence
and Corneal Analysis (BrAIn), Brazil
Universidade Federal de Alagoas,
Maceió, Brazil
Naoyuki Maeda, MD
Department of Ophthalmology
Osaka University
Graduate School of Medicine
Yamadaoka, Japan
Leonardo N. Pimentel, MD
Cornea Department of Federal University of
Rio Grande do Norte
Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Isaac Ramos, MD
Brazilian Study Group of Artificial Intelligence
and Corneal Analysis (BrAIn), Brazil Instituto de Olhos Renato Ambrósio & Rio de Janeiro Corneal Tomography and Biomechanics Study Group, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Guilherme Ribeiro, MD
Brazilian Study Group of Artificial Intelligence
and Corneal Analysis (BrAIn), Brazil
Universidade Federal de Alagoas,
Maceió, Brazil
Marcella Salomão, MD
Clinical Director of Femtolaser-RIO
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Satinder Pal Singh Grewal, MD
Grewal Eye Institute
Chandigarh, India
Bruna V. Ventura, MD
Brazilian Study Group of Artificial Intelligence
and Corneal Analysis (BrAIn), Brazil
Universidade Federal de Alagoas,
Maceió, Brazil
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Preface
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION (2012) by Michael W. Belin, MD
Tucson, Arizona (USA)
It’s been over three years since the first edition went to press. In the intervening period the technology has improved and numerous maps/displays have been added. In the second edition every chapter has been updated and new chapters have been added to reflect the expanded clinical use of Scheimpflug imaging. As in the first edition, we have attempted to keep the reading easy and hopefully, for some, enjoyable.
PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION (2008) by Michael W. Belin, MD Albany, New York (USA)
The last thing I wanted to do is write a book. There is a saying “Those who can… Do .. and Those who can’t … Teach.” I feel about the same about writing text books. It is a thankless job that usually means you have too much free time or nothing better to do. I wish that was the case. Constant nagging by my current research and clinical fellow (Stephen S. Khachikian, MD) about the need for a book on elevation topography and promises that it would not be that much work eventually wore me down. Well, in hindsight, he was half right.
Elevation based topography (or Tomography) is a new and comprehensive way of looking at the cornea, its structure, shape and performance. For many practitioners used to relying on anterior curvature analysis it may initially appear foreign. It is the authors’ belief, however, that cross-sectional Scheimpflug analysis offers significant advantages in treatment, diagnosis and patient safety.
We tried to make the book easy to read and comprehend and filled it with numerous color figures. Each chapter was designed to stand on its own, though for those with time and inclination the chapters are arranged in an orderly progression. We hope we have met our goal.
The book was made possible in part by an unrestricted educational and research grant from the Sight Society of Northeastern New York, Inc and the Lions Eye Bank at Albany (New York). The authors are indebted to their continued support.
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Contents
CHAPTER 1 |
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Introduction and Overview.............................................................................. |
1 |
Michael W. Belin, MD, FACS; Stephen S. Khachikian, MD |
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CHAPTER 2 |
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Evolution of Topographic / Tomographic Imaging........................................... |
15 |
Stephen S. Khachikian, MD; Michael W. Belin, MD, FACS; Renato Ambrósio Jr., MD, PhD |
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CHAPTER 3 |
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Understanding Elevation Based Topography: How Elevation Data is Displayed....... |
25 |
Michael W. Belin, MD, FACS; Stephen S. Khachikian, MD; Renato Ambrósio Jr., MD, PhD |
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CHAPTER 4 |
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The Importance of Understanding the Reference Surface............................... |
47 |
Michael W. Belin, MD, FACS; Stephen S. Khachikian, MD; Renato Ambrósio Jr., MD, PhD |
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CHAPTER 5 |
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Suggested Set-up and Screening Guidelines..................................................... |
57 |
Michael W. Belin, MD, FACS; Stephen S. Khachikian, MD; Renato Ambrósio Jr., MD, PhD |
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CHAPTER 6 |
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Normative Data for the Oculus Pentacam.......................................................... |
71 |
Stephen S. Khachikian, MD; Michael W. Belin, MD, FACS; Renato Ambrósio Jr., MD, PhD |
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CHAPTER 7 |
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Comprehensive Pachymetric Evaluation............................................................ |
81 |
Renato Ambrósio Jr., MD, PhD; Isaac Carvalho de Oliveira Ramos, MD; Allan Luz, MD; |
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Frederico Guerra, MD; Marcella Salomão, MD ; Michael W. Belin, MD, FACS |
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CHAPTER 8 |
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Keratoconus / Ectasia Detection with a |
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Modified (Enhanced) Reference Surface |
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Belin / Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display III............................................................. |
93 |
Michael W. Belin, MD, FACS; Renato Ambrósio Jr., MD, PhD; Stephen S. Khachikian, MD |
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CONTENTS |
CHAPTER 9 |
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Keratoconus & Ectasia Detection: |
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Asymmetric Keratoconus & Post LASIK Ectasia Study..................................... |
105 |
Marcella Salomão, MD; Isaac Carvalho de Oliveira Ramos, MD; Allan Luz, MD; |
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Frederico Guerra, MD; Leonardo N. Pimentel, MD; Renato Ambrósio Jr., MD, PhD |
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CHAPTER 10 |
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Applications of Artificial Intelligence Techniques for |
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Improving Tomographic Screening for Ectasia................................................ |
123 |
João Marcelo Lyra, MD, PhD; Aydano P. Machado, MSc, PhD; Bruna V. Ventura, MD; |
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Guilherme Ribeiro, MD; Luana P. N. Araújo, MD; Isaac Ramos, MD; |
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Frederico P. Guerra, MD; Renato Ambrósio Jr, MD, PhD |
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CHAPTER 11 |
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Elevation Topography Atlas............................................................................ |
137 |
Stephen S. Khachikian, MD; Michael W. Belin, MD, FACS; Renato Ambrósio Jr., MD, PhD |
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CHAPTER 12 |
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Scheimpflug Images in Clinical Practice...................................................... |
167 |
Michael W. Belin, MD, FACS; Renato Ambrósio Jr., MD, PhD; Stephen S. Khachikian, MD |
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CHAPTER 13 |
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BESSt 2 Formula for IOL Calculation........................................................ |
185 |
Edmondo Borasio, MedC, BQ, FEBO |
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CHAPTER 14 |
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Evaluation of Corneal Optical Quality for Premium IOLs with Pentacam HR... 197 |
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Naoyuki Maeda, MD |
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CHAPTER 15 |
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Scheimpflug Evaluation of Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma...................... |
205 |
Shuning Li, MD |
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CHAPTER 16 |
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Other Displays................................................................................................ |
211 |
Joerg Iwanczuk, Dipl Ing (FH); Michael W. Belin, MD, FACS |
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CHAPTER 17 |
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The Use of Pentacam in a Cataract Practice............................................... |
229 |
Dilraj Grewal, MD; Satinder Pal Singh Grewal, MD |
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CHAPTER 18 |
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Glossary........................................................................................................... |
247 |
Stephen S. Khachikian, MD; Michael W. Belin, MD, FACS; Renato Ambrósio Jr., MD, PhD |
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