Добавил:
Sekretar
kiopkiopkiop18@yandex.ru
t.me/Prokururor I Вовсе не секретарь, но почту проверяю
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Digital Teleretinal Screening Teleophthalmology in Practice_Yogesan, Goldschmidt, Cuadros_2012.pdf
X
- •Foreword
- •Preface
- •Contents
- •1.1 Introduction
- •1.2 Method
- •1.2.1 Databases
- •1.2.2 Dates
- •1.2.3 Keywords
- •1.2.4 Criteria for Inclusion
- •1.2.5 Criteria for Exclusion
- •1.2.6 Selection of Papers
- •1.3 Results
- •1.3.1 Subspecialty
- •1.3.2 Type of Telemedicine
- •1.3.3 Study Design
- •1.3.4 Final Conclusions of Papers
- •1.4 Discussion
- •References
- •2.1 Introduction
- •2.2 The Need for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Programs
- •2.4 Guidelines for Referring Patients
- •2.7 Program Models for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening
- •2.9 Program Personnel and Operations
- •2.9.1 Primary Care Providers
- •2.9.2 Photographers
- •2.9.3 Clinical Consultants
- •2.9.4 Administrators
- •2.9.5 A Note to CEOs, Operations Directors, and Clinic Managers
- •2.10 Policies and Procedures
- •2.10.1 Sample Protocol 1
- •2.10.1.1 Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Services
- •Policy
- •Background
- •Procedure
- •2.10.2 Sample Protocol 2
- •2.10.2.1 Pupil Dilation Before Diabetic Retinopathy Photography
- •Policy
- •Background
- •Procedure
- •2.10.3 Sample Protocol 3
- •2.10.3.1 Diabetic Retinopathy Photography Review
- •Policy
- •Background
- •Procedure
- •2.11 Technical Requirements
- •2.11.1 Connectivity
- •2.11.2 Resolution
- •2.11.3 Color
- •2.11.4 Stereopsis
- •2.11.5 Compression
- •2.11.6 Enhancement
- •2.11.7 Pupil Dilation
- •2.11.8 Early California Telemedicine Initiatives Diabetic Retinopathy Screening
- •2.11.9 The American Indian Diabetes Teleophthalmology Grant Program
- •2.11.10 Central Valley EyePACS Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Project
- •2.12.1 Diabetic Retinopathy
- •2.12.1.1 ADA Guidelines Terms
- •2.12.1.2 Vitrectomy
- •References
- •3: Stereopsis and Teleophthalmology
- •3.1 Introduction
- •3.2 History of Stereopsis and Stereopsis in Ophthalmology
- •3.3 Technology and Photography
- •3.3.3 Imaging Fields
- •3.3.4 Image Viewing Techniques
- •3.3.5 Image Compression
- •3.4 Stereoscopic Teleophthalmology Systems
- •3.4.1 University of Alberta
- •3.4.4 Joslin Vision Network
- •3.5 Conclusion
- •References
- •4.1 Introduction
- •4.2 Methods
- •4.2.1 Main Outcome Measures
- •4.3 Results
- •4.3.1 Retinal Video Recording Versus Retinal Still Photography
- •4.3.2 Video Compression Analysis
- •4.4 Discussion
- •References
- •5.1 Introduction
- •5.1.1 Automated, Remote Image Analysis of Retinal Diseases
- •5.1.2 Telehealth
- •5.2 Design Requirements
- •5.2.1 Telehealth Network Architecture
- •5.2.2 Work Flow
- •5.2.3 Performance Evaluation of the Network
- •5.3 Automated Image Analysis Overview
- •5.3.1 Quality Assessment Module
- •5.3.2 Vascular Tree Segmentation
- •5.3.3 Quality Evaluation
- •5.4 Anatomic Structure Segmentation
- •5.4.1 Optic Nerve Detection
- •5.4.2 Macula
- •5.4.3 Lesion Segmentation
- •5.4.4 Lesion Population Description
- •5.4.5 Image Query
- •5.5 Summary
- •References
- •6.1 Introduction
- •6.3 Optical Coherence Tomography to Detect Leakage
- •References
- •7.1 Introduction
- •7.2 Patients and Methods
- •7.2.1 Participants
- •7.2.2 Methods
- •7.2.3 Statistics
- •7.3 Results
- •7.3.1 Reliability of Image Evaluation
- •7.3.2 Prevalence of Glaucomatous Optic Nerve Atrophy
- •7.4 Discussion
- •7.5 Perspectives
- •References
- •8.1 Introduction
- •8.1.2 Homology Between Retinal and Systemic Microvasculature
- •8.1.3 Need for More Precise CVD Risk Prediction
- •8.2.1 Retinal Microvascular Signs
- •8.2.2 Retinal Vessel Biometry
- •8.2.3 Newer Retinal Imaging for Morphologic Features of Retinal Vasculature
- •8.3 Associations of Retinal Imaging and CVD Risk
- •8.3.1.1 Risk of Pre-clinical CVD
- •8.3.1.2 Risk of Stroke
- •8.3.1.3 Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
- •8.3.2.1 Risk of Hypertension
- •8.3.2.2 Risk of Stroke
- •8.3.2.3 Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
- •8.3.2.4 Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease
- •8.3.3 Newer Morphologic Features of Retinal Vasculature
- •8.4 Retinal Imaging and Its Potential as a Tool for CVD Risk Prediction
- •References
- •9.1 Alzheimer’s Disease
- •9.2 Treatments
- •9.3 Diagnosis
- •9.6 Conclusions
- •References
- •10.1 Introduction
- •10.1.1 Stroke
- •10.1.2 Heart Disease
- •10.1.3 Arteriovenous Ratio
- •10.2 Purpose
- •10.3 Method
- •10.3.1 Medical Approach
- •10.3.2 Technical Approach
- •10.3.3 Output of Medical Data
- •10.4 Patients
- •10.5 Results
- •10.5.1 Medical History
- •10.5.2 Telemedical Evaluation of Retinal Vessels
- •10.5.2.1 Prevalence of Retinal Microangiopathy
- •10.5.2.2 Arteriovenous Ratio
- •10.5.2.3 PROCAM-Index
- •10.6 Discussion and Perceptive
- •10.6.1 Estimation of “Stroke Risk” Estimated by the Stage of Retinal Microangiopathy
- •References
- •11.1 Introduction
- •11.2 System Requirements
- •11.3 Fundus Camera
- •11.4 Imaging Procedure
- •11.4.1 Reading Center Procedure
- •11.5 Detection of Macular Edema
- •11.6 Implementation
- •11.7 Unreadable Images
- •11.7.1 Impact on Overall Diabetic Retinopathy Assessment Rates
- •11.7.2 Compliance with Recommendations
- •11.7.3 Challenges
- •11.7.4 Summary
- •References
- •12.1 Screening
- •12.2 Background
- •12.3 Historical Perspective in England
- •12.4 Methodology
- •12.4.1 The Aim of the Programme
- •12.5 Systematic DR Screening
- •12.6 Cameras for Use in the English Screening Programme
- •12.7 Software for Use in the English Screening Programme
- •12.9 Implementation in England
- •12.11 Quality Assurance
- •12.12 The Development of External Quality Assurance in the English Screening Programme
- •12.13 Information Technology (IT) Developments for the English Screening Programme
- •12.14 Dataset Development
- •12.15 The Development of External Quality Assurance Test Set for the English Screening Programme
- •12.16 Failsafe
- •12.17 The Epidemic of Diabetes
- •References
- •13.1 Introduction
- •13.2 Burden of Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy in India
- •13.3 Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Models
- •13.4 Need for Telescreening
- •13.5 Guidelines for Telescreening
- •13.6 ATA Categories of DR Telescreening Validation
- •13.7 Yield of Diabetic Retinopathy in a Telescreening Model
- •13.8 How Are Images Transferred
- •13.10 How Many Fields Are Enough for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening
- •13.11 Is Mydriasis Needed While Using Nonmydriatic Camera?
- •13.12 Validation Studies on Telescreening
- •13.12.1 Accuracy of Telescreening
- •13.12.2 Patient Satisfaction in Telescreening
- •13.12.3 Cost Effectivity
- •13.12.4 Telescreening for Diabetic Retinopathy: Our Experience
- •13.13 Future of Diabetic Retinopathy Screening
- •References
- •14.1 Introduction
- •14.2 Methods
- •14.3 Discussion
- •14.4 Conclusion
- •References
- •15.1 Introduction
- •15.1.1 Description of the EADRSI
- •15.5 State Support of Screening in the Safety Net
- •15.7 Screening Economics for Providers
- •15.8 Patient Sensitivity to Fees
- •15.9 Conclusion
- •References
- •16.1 Introduction
- •16.2 Setting Up the New Screening Model
- •16.2.1 Phase 1: Training
- •16.2.2 Phase 2: Evaluation of Agreement
- •16.2.3 Phase 3: Implementation of the Screening Model
- •16.3 Technologic Requirements
- •16.3.1 Data Management
- •16.3.2 Data Models
- •16.3.2.1 Data Scheme for Patient-Related Information
- •16.3.2.2 Data Scheme for Images
- •Fundus Camera VISUCAM Pro NM
- •PACS Server
- •ClearCanvas DICOM Visualizer
- •16.4 Results
- •16.4.1 Phase 2: Agreement Evaluation
- •16.4.2 Phase 3: Implementation of the Screening Model
- •16.5 Discussion
- •16.5.1 Evaluation of the Screening Model
- •16.5.2 Prevalence of DR
- •16.5.3 Quality Evaluation
- •16.6 Conclusion
- •References
- •17.1.3 Examination and Treatment
- •17.1.4 Limitations of Current Care
- •17.2 Telemedicine and ROP
- •17.2.2 Accuracy and Reliability of Telemedicine for ROP Diagnosis
- •17.2.3 Operational ROP Telemedicine Systems
- •17.2.4 Potential Barriers
- •17.3 Closing Remarks
- •17.3.1 Future Directions
- •References
- •18.1 Introduction
- •18.2 Neonatal Stress and Pain
- •18.3 ROP Screening Technique
- •18.4 Effect of Different Examination Techniques on Stress
- •18.5 Future of Retinal Imaging in Babies
- •References
- •19.1 Introduction
- •19.2 History of the Program
- •19.3 Telehealth Technologies
- •19.4 Impact of the Program
- •Selected References
- •Preamble
- •Introduction
- •Background
- •The Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS)
- •Mission
- •Vision
- •Goals
- •Guiding Principles
- •Ethics
- •Clinical Validation
- •Category 1
- •Category 2
- •Category 3
- •Category 4
- •Communication
- •Medical Care Supervision
- •Patient Care Coordinator
- •Image Acquisition
- •Image Review and Evaluation
- •Information Systems
- •Interoperability
- •Image Acquisition
- •Compression
- •Data Communication and Transmission
- •Computer Display
- •Archiving and Retrieval
- •Security
- •Reliability and Redundancy
- •Documentation
- •Image Analysis
- •Legal Requirements
- •Facility Accreditation
- •Privileging and Credentialing
- •Stark Act and Self-referrals
- •State Medical Practice Acts/Licensure
- •Tort Liability
- •Duty
- •Standards of Care
- •Consent
- •Quality Control
- •Operations
- •Customer Support
- •Originating Site
- •Transmission
- •Distant Site
- •Financial Factors
- •Reimbursement
- •Grants
- •Federal Programs
- •Other Financial Factors
- •Equipment Cost
- •Summary
- •Abbreviations
- •Appendices
- •Appendix A: Interoperability
- •Appendix B: DICOM Metadata
- •Appendix C: Computer-Aided Detection
- •Appendix D: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
- •Appendix F: Quality Control
- •Appendix H: Customer Support
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Appendix I: Reimbursement
- •Medicare
- •Medicaid
- •Commercial Insurance Carrier Reimbursement
- •Other Financial Factors
- •Disease Prevention
- •Resource Utilization
- •American Telemedicine Association’s Telehealth Practice Recommendations for Diabetic Retinopathy
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •Contributors
- •Second Edition
- •First Edition
- •Index
160 |
J. Andonegui et al. |
|
|
Fig. 16.2 Model for managing and processing ophthalmic image and data
16.3.2.2 Data Scheme for Images
The retinograph and the workplaces of the GPs and the ophthalmologists are in different locations, though the images are accessed remotely. To remotely manage all retinographies, a network in compliance with the DICOM standards must be deployed. This network can be divided into three main nodes: the devices performing the image capture, the PACS server, and the DICOM
visualization stations. To make communication possible between the three nodes, each needs to carry out certain requirements of the DICOM standard (Fig. 16.2).
Fundus Camera VISUCAM Pro NM
During the Þrst year, a retinal camera TRC NW6S was used. For the second and third years, a camera VISUCAM Pro NM was chosen. The two
16 Diabetic Retinopathy Screening with Nonmydriatic Retinography by General Practitioners |
161 |
|
|
Fig. 16.3 Graphic interface of the DICOM viewer ClearCanvas Workstation
most relevant DICOM features of this fundus camera are: (1) the modality worklist service class provider (SCP) (to work with consistent patient data, the device must be able to download the worklist from the PACS instead of creating a new one manually [17]) and (2) the DICOM C-STORE as a service class user (SCU). After making all pertinent captures in a study, the retinograph must be able to send recently created DICOM Þles to the PACS server [17].
PACS Server
The function of a PACS is to administer the image ßow through the DICOM network. It is in the middle of the data system, so it has to support several image management tasks such as storage, retrieval, and access to images acquired with different devices. In our screening model, the server
receives fundus images from retinographs and stores them. When a user accesses a study, the PACS server Þrst checks the userÕs permission and allows access to images only if the permission is correct.
Both sides of the connection (device-server and server-workstation) must agree before a successful connection is established. This step prevents an unidentiÞed person from uploading or downloading images from the server. For that reason, it is necessary to deÞne the serverÕs (SCP) and local machineÕs (SCU) application entity (AE) title, hostname, or IP (internet protocol) and port number for both sides of the connection.
ClearCanvas DICOM Visualizer
The DICOM viewer chosen for this project was the ClearCanvas Workstation (Fig. 16.3). It has
Соседние файлы в папке Английские материалы