Patents 141

or metastasis of solid tumors and formation of morbid states of diabetic retinopathy and rheumatoid arthritis. With regard to solid tumors, production of VEGF in a number of human tumor tissues has been reported, such as in renal carcinoma [Cancer Research, 54: 4233 (1994)], breast cancer [Human Pathology, 26: 86 (1995)], brain tumor [J. Clinical Investigation, 91: 153 (1993)], gastrointestinal cancer [Cancer Research, 53: 4727 (1993)], ovarian cancer [Cancer Research, 54: 276 (1994)], and the like. Also, results of a study on the correlation between VEGF expression quantity in tumors and survival ratio of patients in patients with breast cancer have revealed that tumor angiogenesis is more active in tumors expressing high levels of VEGF than low VEGF expression tumors and that the survival ratio is lower in breast cancer patients having high VEGF expression tumors than breast cancer patients having low VEGF expression tumors [Japanese J. Cancer Research, 85: 1045 (1994)]. It has been reported also that an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft model test system in which a human tumor was transferred into nude mice by subcutaneous transplantation [Nature, 362: 841 (1993)]. Also, it has been reported that, in a metastatic cancer model of a human tumor in nude mice, an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody inhibited metastasis of the tumor [Cancer Research, 56: 921 (1996)]. Additionally, since a high concentration of VEGF was detected in human carcinomatous pleural perfusions and ascites, the possibility that VEGF is a major factor involved in the retention of pleural perfusions and ascites has been suggested [Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1221: 211 (1994)], and inhibition of the retention of pleural perfusions and ascites is expected by blocking VEGF.

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Keeping Current

In order to stay informed about patents and patent applications dealing with diabetic retinopathy, you can access the U.S. Patent Office archive via the Internet at the following Web address: http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. You will see two broad options: (1) Issued Patent, and (2) Published Applications. To see a list of issued patents, perform the following steps: Under “Issued Patents,” click “Quick Search.” Then, type “diabetic retinopathy” (or synonyms) into the “Term 1” box. After clicking on the search button, scroll down to see the various patents which have been granted to date on diabetic retinopathy.

You can also use this procedure to view pending patent applications concerning diabetic retinopathy. Simply go back to http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. Select “Quick Search” under “Published Applications.” Then proceed with the steps listed above.