Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Diabetes and Ocular Disease Past, Present, and Future Therapies 2nd edition_Scott, Flynn, Smiddy_2009
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Diabetes and Ocular Disease
Ophthalmology Monographs
A series published by Oxford University Press
in cooperation with the American Academy of Ophthalmology
Series Editor: Richard K. Parrish, II, MD, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute
American Academy of Ophthalmology Clinical Education Secretariat:
Louis B. Cantor, MD, Indiana University School of Medicine
Gregory L. Skuta, MD, Dean A. McGee Eye Institute
1.Retinal Detachment: Principles and Practice, third edition Daniel A. Brinton and Charles P. Wilkinson
2.Electrophysiologic Testing in Disorders of the Retina, Optic Nerve, and Visual Pathway, second edition
Gerald Allen Fishman, David G. Birch, Graham E. Holder, and Mitchell G. Brigell
3.Visual Fields: Examination and Interpretation, second edition Edited by Thomas J. Walsh
4.Glaucoma Surgery: Principles and Techniques, second edition Edited by Robert N. Weinreb and Richard P. Mills
5.Fluorescein and Indocyanine Green Angiography: Technique and Interpretation, second edition
Joseph W. Berkow, Robert W. Flower, David H. Orth, and James S. Kelley
6.Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography: Clinical Neuro-Orbital Anatomy
Jonathan D. Wirtschafter, Eric L. Berman, and Carolyn S. McDonald
7.Cataract Surgery and Intraocular Lenses: A 21st-Century Perspective, second edition Edited by Jerry G. Ford and Carol L. Karp
8.Volumes 1, 2, and 3, Surgery of the Eyelid, Orbit, and Lacrimal System
Edited by William B. Stewart
9.Surgical Anatomy of the Ocular Adnexa: A Clinical Approach
David R. Jordan and Richard L. Anderson
10.Optic Nerve Disorders, second edition Edited by Lanning B. Kline and Rod Foroozan
11.Laser Photocoagulation of the Retina and Choroid (with slide set) James C. Folk and José S. Pulido
12.Low Vision Rehabilitation: Caring for the Whole Person
Edited by Donald C. Fletcher
13.Glaucoma Medical Therapy: Principles and Management, second edition Edited by Peter A. Netland
14.Diabetes and Ocular Disease: Past, Present, and Future Therapies, second edition Edited by Ingrid U. Scott, Harry W. Flynn, Jr., William E. Smiddy
15.HIV/AIDS and the Eye: A Global Perspective
Emmett T. Cunningham, Jr., and Rubens Belfort, Jr.
16.Corneal Dystrophies and Degenerations: A Molecular Genetics Approach
Edited by Ming X. Wang
17.Strabismus Surgery: Basic and Advanced Techniques
Edited by David A. Plager; written by Edward G. Buckley, David A. Plager, Michael X. Repka, and M. Edward Wilson; contributions by Marshall M. Parks and Gunter K. von Noorden www.oup.com/us/aao/plager/strabismus
18.A Compendium of Inherited Disorders and the Eye
Elias I. Traboulsi www.oup.com/us/aao/traboulsi/genetic
DIABETES AND OCULAR DISEASE
Past, Present, and Future
Therapies, Second Edition
Edited by
Ingrid U. Scott, MD, MPH
Harry W. Flynn, Jr., MD
William E. Smiddy, MD
Published by Oxford University Press
in cooperation with
the American Academy of Ophthalmology
1
2010
1
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Copyright © 2010 by Ingrid U. Scott, Harry W. Flynn, Jr., and William E. Smiddy
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Diabetes and ocular disease : past, present, and future therapies / edited by Ingrid U. Scott, Harry W. Flynn Jr., William E. Smiddy.—2nd ed.
p. ; cm.—
(Ophthalmology monographs ; 14)
Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-534023-5
1. Diabetic retinopathy. 2. Cataract. I. Scott, Ingrid U.
II. Flynn, Harry W. III. Smiddy, William E. IV. American Academy of Ophthalmology. V. Series. [DNLM: 1. Diabetic Retinopathy—therapy. 2. Diabetic Retinopathy—diagnosis.
W1 OP372L v.14 2008 / WK 835 D5337 2008] RE661.D5D46 2008
617.7’35—dc22
2008028396
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
Legal Notice
The American Academy of Ophthalmology provides the opportunity for material to be presented for educational purposes only. The material represents the approach, ideas, statement, or opinion of the author, not necessarily the only or best method or procedure in every case, nor the position of the Academy. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the opinions expressed and statements made by various authors in this monograph reflect the author’s observations and do not imply endorsement by the Academy. The material is not intended to replace a physician’s own judgment or give specific advice for case management. The Academy does not endorse any of the products or companies, if any, mentioned in this monograph.
Some material on recent developments may include information on drug or device applications that are not considered community standard, that reflect indications not included in approved FDA labeling, or that are approved for use only in restricted research settings. This information is provided as education only so physicians may be aware of alternative methods of the practice of medicine, and should not be considered endorsement, promotion, or in any way encouragement to use such applications. The FDA has stated that it is the responsibility of the physician to determine the FDA status of each drug or device he or she wishes to use in clinical practice, and to use these products with appropriate patient consent and in compliance with applicable law.
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DISCLOSURE STATEMENT
Each author states below any significant financial interest or other relationship with the manufacturer of any commercial product discussed in the chapters that he or she contributed to this publication or with the manufacturer of any competing commercial product.
The following authors state that they have no significant financial interest or other relationship to disclose:
Everett Ai
Lloyd M. Aiello
Lloyd Paul Aiello
Nicholas G. Anderson
William E. Benson
George W. Blankenship
Jerry Cavallerano
Nauman A. Chaudhry
Emily Y. Chew
Matthew D. Davis
Sander R. Dubovy
Frederick L. Ferris III
Mitchell S. Fineman
Mitchell J. Goff
Matthew Guess
Barbara E. K. Klein
Andrew Lam
Robert E. Leonard II
Helen K. Li
H. Richard McDonald
Quresh Mohamed
Carmen A. Puliafito
William Smiddy
Jay S. Skyler
Jennifer Sun
Nigel H. Timothy
Charles P. Wilkinson
The following authors disclosed their interests or relationships: Sophie J. Bakri is a Consultant to Genentech, Alcon, and Novartis.
Gary C. Brown is a shareholder in the Center for Value-Based Medicine.
Diana V. Do’s employer (Johns Hopkins University) receives research funding from both Genentech and Regeneron.
Harry W. Flynn, Jr., is a Consultant for Alcon, Allergan, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Genentech, and Pfizer, and an Equity Owner of Optimedica.
Thomas W. Gardner is a Consultant-Genentech, Apogee, Fovea. Julia A. Haller is a Consultant for Allergan.
Peter K. Kaiser has received research grant support from Allergan, Genentech, Alcon, and Novartis, and is a Consultant for Genentech and Alcon.
Ronald Klein is an Advisory board member for Astra-Zeneca, a Consultant for Pfizer, and a Consultant for Eli Lilly.
Andrew A. Moshfeghi is a Consultant for Alcon, Compare Networks, Inc., Allgeran, Inc., is a Consultant and on the Board for Optos, Inc., and does Research for both NoraVision, Inc. and Thrombogenics, Inc., does Research and is a Consultant and on the Speaker’s Bureau for Genentech, and is an Equity Owner of Realm Global.
David W. Parke II is on the Board of Directors for OMK.
Carl D. Regillo received Research Grant Support from Genentech, Allergan, Alimona, Alcon, and is a Consultant for Genentech and Alcon.
Ingrid U. Scott is a Consultant for Eyetech and Genentech.
Matthew T. S. Tennant is Company Director for Secure Diagnostic Imaging Ltd. Tien Y. Wong is a Member of Advisory Board for Novartis, Pfizer, and Allergan.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of all the chapter authors, who are experts in their fields and who generously share their expertise with all of our readers.
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Preface
Diabetes mellitus is a complex, multifactorial disease often associated with progressive retinopathy and visual loss. This monograph compiles current information from leading authorities regarding treatment strategies for diabetic eye disease. The emphasis of the chapter authors has been to provide practitioners of ophthalmology with an up-to-date, practical reference for the diagnosis and management of ocular disease in diabetic patients. The contributors have assimilated pertinent basic science and clinical information comprehensively, yet concisely, to include not only the guidelines established by the collaborative studies but also the concepts of disease mechanisms and clinical management that have evolved subsequently.
In 1989, the American Academy of Ophthalmology initiated the Diabetes 2000® project with the mission of eliminating preventable blindness from diabetic retinopathy. Over the decade of the 1990s, Diabetes 2000® encouraged collaboration among primary care physicians, allied health professionals, and ophthalmologists to ensure early detection and appropriate management of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 2000® initiatives included instructional courses and symposia at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, state and local seminars on diabetic management, and literature through pharmacists and package inserts for raising awareness of diabetic eye disease among patients. Federally funded economic studies show that detection and treatment of diabetic eye disease saves, even at suboptimal care, $250,000,000 annually. The Diabetes 2000® project has achieved its goal of informing medical care providers and patients that diabetic retinopathy screening and appropriate treatment are an essential part of medical care for persons with diabetes. In January 2000, the Foundation of the Academy assumed responsibility under a new name: EyeCare AmericaSM Diabetes Project. The program built on the success of the Diabetes 2000® project by focusing on
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