Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Contact Lenses in Ophthalmic Practice_Mannis, Zadnik. Coral-Ghanem, Kara-Jose_2003

310 Index

Physiologic factors, consideration of, during fitting, 121

Piggyback lens systems after corneal trauma, 177 for keratoconus, 186–187

after refractive surgery, 153–154

soft lens under a rigid gas permeable lens, 138

use of, after corneal transplantation, 161, 164

Placido disk, for measuring corneal shape, 39–46

Planned replacement contact lenses period for use and exchange of, 235–

236

use of, in giant papillary conjunctivitis, 287

Pleomorphism

in contact lens use, after corneal transplantation, 165

contraindication to contact lens wear, 170

PMMA. See Polymethylmethacrylate entries

Pollutant exposure, disposable contact lenses for, 84

Polycoria, from trauma, 173 Polyfluorosilicone methacrylate, for treat-

ing aphakic eyes, after ocular trauma, 176

Polyhexamethylene biguanide, for Acanthamoeba keratitis, 263

Polymegethism

in contact lens use, after corneal transplantation, 165

as a contraindication to contact lens wear, 170

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), benzalkonium chloride reaction with, 209

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) contact lenses

characteristics of, 57

corneal hypoesthesia from, 251 corneal warpage from, 74, 253 disinfecting, 294

indications and contraindications for use of, 192–193

limitations of, 246–248 multipurpose solutions with, 216 neovascularization with use of, 255 prosthetic, 192–194

reactions of, with alcohol solutions, 211 versus rigid gas permeable lenses, in

sensitivity to environmental irritants, 73

surface deposits on, 33

for use after radial keratotomy, 138 wetting angle of, 5

Polyquad (polyquarternium-1), in lens solutions, as a disinfectant, 210

Posterior lens toricity, 104

posterior toric rigid contact lens, defined, 99–100

Power

calculating for rigid lens prescriptions, 60–62

changes in, after wearing contact lenses, 74

of contact lenses for infants, 129 of simultaneous vision lenses, 119

of toric hydrophilic contact lenses, 106 Practitioners, skills of, for fitting presby-

opic contact lenses, 122–123 Pregnancy

as a contraindication to use of contact lenses, 14

intolerance of contact lenses during, 9–10

Presbyopia

and contact lenses, 109–124

after photorefractive keratectomy, 146 Prescription

of contact lenses

parameters for spherical rigid contact lens, 57–58

restriction to licensed personnel, 23– 24

of contact lens power, 60–62 of rigid posterior toric lens, 100

of spherical rigid lens for astigmatic cornea, 95–96

of toric hydrophilic contact lens, 107 Prism

induced, after corneal transplantation, 160

and tear film examination, 28 Prism ballast

for bitoric rigid gas permeable contact lens, 102

defined, 5–6

for toric contact lens stabilization, 103– 104

trial fitting with, 97–99 Progressive lens, design of, 2

Prolate shaped cornea, and lens fitting, 162–163

Propamidine isethionate, for Acanthamoeba keratitis, 263

Properties of lens material, cohesive and adhesive, 5

Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) study, 136–137

Prosthetic contact lenses, 191–196 after ocular trauma, 173

Protein deposits

on children’s contact lenses, 131 on contact lenses, 34–35, 205 on the ionic lens surface, 6

on silicone lens materials, 75 thimerosal adherence to, 211

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

colonization on contact lenses, 35, 206 incidence of infection with contact

lenses, 250

infectious ulceration from, 213–214 and keratitis, 257

keratitis due to infection by, 261 resistance to fluoroquinolones, 260 in swimming pools, 239

Psychological conditions, and contact lens use, 10

Psychological intolerance, as a contraindication to use of contact lenses, 13

Pterygia, tangential maps after, 44 Ptosis, association with blepharitis or

meibomianitis, 281–282 Pupil size

consideration of, in fitting concentric bifocal lenses, 116

measurement of, 40

and simultaneous vision lenses, 119– 120

Quaternary ammonia, as an antimicrobial agent, 209–210

Quintisphere penetrating keratoplasty, characteristics of, 165

Radial keratotomy, 136–145 appearance of glare and halos follow-

ing, 193 Radius of curvature

in contact lens fitting, 59–60 and sagittal depth, 4

in toric contact lenses, 2

Reading, difficulty with, after initiating contact lens wear, 71

Red eye

acute early-morning, 289–290

as a complication of contact lenses, 87 causes of, 255–256

Refraction, diurnal variation in, after radial keratotomy, 137

Refractive assessment, in a routine examination, 19

Refractive error

contact lenses for correcting, in children, 130

presbyopic, contact lenses for correcting, 109–110

residual, after corneal transplantation, 160

use of, in prescribing rigid posterior toric contact lens, 100

Refractive surgery

fitting contact lenses after, 136–159 indication for contact lenses following, 8 for keratoconus, 187

Index 311

Rehabilitation, after ocular trauma, with loss of the crystalline lens, 172–173

Replacement

of aspheric lenses, 117

planned, of contact lenses, 84–89

of rigid gas permeable contact lenses, 77 Respiratory disease, chronic, as a contra-

indication to contact lens use, 10 Reticular scarring, anterior, 182 Retinoscopy

for aphakic infants fitted with contact lens, 128–129

for children’s contact lens fitting, 132 keratoconus diagnosis by, 181

Reverse geometry lens design of, 2–3

for oblate corneas, 162–163

rigid gas permeable, use after radial keratotomy, 142–143

Rigid gas permeable contact lenses, 2–3 adherence of deposits to, 33

and alcohol solutions, 211 for astigmatism correction, 95

bitoric, with prism ballast, 102 for children, 131–133

and chronic hypoesthesia, 251–252 and corneal warpage, 74, 253 cosmetic, 191

deposits on, 267–280 diameter of, fitting, 59 disinfection of, 294 epithelial edema with, 247

flattening, to relieve bulbar conjunctival imprint, 254

follow-up after fitting of, 68–78 follow-up after ocular trauma and con-

tact lens fitting, 178

insertion and removal techniques, 224– 226

maintenance of, 223–224 multipurpose lens solutions for, 216–

217

oxidative agents as disinfectants for, 210

oxygen transmission by, 33, 246 palpebral fissure and stabilization of, 11 prosthetic, 192–194

and ptosis, 281 replacement of, 77

selecting, after corneal transplant, 161– 164

storage of, 226–228, 238 superior displacement of, 54 symptoms during fitting, 237

thermal disinfection contraindicated for, 214

trial set for, 64 use of

for aphakia, versus hydrophilic lenses, 125–126

312 Index

Rigid gas permeable contact lenses (continued)

after corneal transplant, 51–52

in giant papillary conjunctivitis, 287 in keratoconus, 7

for keratoconus, objectives of fitting, 183–184

after laser in situ keratomeleusis (LASIK), 152–153

after ocular trauma, 169, 170–173, 176 after photorefractive keratectomy,

146–148

after radial keratotomy, 138–143 after refractive surgery, 50–51 after surgery, 8

Rigid spherical contact lenses, fitting of, 57–67

Rinsing contact lenses, 220 solutions for, 213

Risk factors, for microbial keratitis, 261 Rotational movement, means of stabiliz-

ing, 5–6

Rule of two thirds for lens toricity, 100 Rust, deposits of, on contact lenses, 206

Sagittal depth, defined, 4–5

Saline solutions, for rinsing contact lenses, 213

Salivary gland biopsy, for confirming Sjo¨- gren syndrome, 32

Salts, deposition on contact lenses, 205 Schedule, of follow up visits for rigid gas

permeable contact lens patients, 68 Schirmer test, 29–30

for contact lens fitting, after ocular trauma, 170, 175

Schwiegerling and Greivenkamp classification scheme for keratoconus, 53

Scleral contact lenses for keratoconus, 187 prosthetic, 192–194

Scleral shells, after ocular trauma, 173 Seborrheic blepharitis, 282–283 Secondary posterior curve, in lens

design, 3 Selection

of contact lens type

after photorefractive keratectomy, 146–147

therapeutic, 197–198

of trial lens, for fitting toric hydrophilic contact lenses, 106

Serratia, infection by, 261 Silicone acrylate

benzalkonium chloride reaction with, 209–210

as contact lens material, 3

protein deposit accumulation on, 75 Silicone elastomers

for aphakic soft contact lenses, 127 lipid deposits on, 131

Silicone hydrogel lenses, 79 as bandage lenses, 148 after corneal trauma, 178

to decrease the risk of neovascularization after radial keratotomy, 145

disposable, 84–86 for keratoconus, 187

after ocular trauma, 171 therapeutic use of, 198, 202

Silicone/methacrylate, for hybrid contact lenses, 154

Simultaneous image contact lenses, 114– 115

advantages and disadvantages of, 118– 119

to manage presbyopia, 109 Single cut lens design, 3

for aphakic contact lenses, 126 Sjo¨gren syndrome, antibodies associated

with, 32

Snellen chart, for visual acuity evaluation, 179

Social responsibility, of the eye doctor, for children with contact lenses, 135

Soft contact lenses

Acanthamoeba infections associated with, 35

astigmatism corrected by, 95 for children, 131

with aphakia, 134 cosmetic, 191

epithelial edema associated with, 247 flattening, to relieve bulbar conjuncti-

val imprint, 254 neovascularization with use of, 255 prosthetic, 192, 194

use of

after corneal transplantation, 161 after laser in situ keratomeleusis,

151–152

after photorefractive keratectomy, 146

after radial keratotomy, 138 after refractive surgery, 50

See also Hydrophilic contact lenses Sorbic acid, as a preservative, 211 Spectacles

as an alternative to contact lens for aphakia, 128

for contact lens wearers, 254–255

for supplemental correction of presbyopia, 109–110

Spherical contact lenses, 2

fitting of, after radial keratotomy, 139– 141

hydrogel, for monovision treatment of presbyopia, 110

hydrophilic fitting, 79–83

fitting, after ocular trauma, 176–177

indications for use of, 13 rigid

prescribing, 95

trial fitting with, 97–99 rigid gas permeable

for corneal laceration patients, 175– 176

after laser in situ keratomeleusis, 153 versus toric hydrophilic lens for

astigmatism, 103

selecting, after corneal transplant, 162 soft, for keratoconus, 186

Spherical power, choosing, 106–107 Spherical power effect, 101–102 Sports

contraindication to use of rigid contact lenses, 14

disposable contact lenses during participation in, 84

hydrophilic toric contact lenses during participation in, 103

swimming, wearing contact lenses during, 239–240

Stabilization, of toric hydrophilic contract lenses, 104–105

Staphylococcus

aureus and epidermis

colonization on contact lenses, 35, 206

and microbial keratitis, 261 in swimming pools, 239

Stereopsis, loss of, 111–112

Sterile marginal infiltrates, differentiating from microbial keratitis, 258–259

Streptococcus

and microbial keratitis, 261 in swimming pools, 239

Stromal edema, 247 symptoms and signs of, 249

Stromal haze, anterior, after photorefractive keratectomy, 146

Stromal vascularization, 249 Subtilisine A enzymatic cleaner, 213

Superficial punctate staining (SPK), finding of, on follow-up visits, 75

Surfactant cleaners, 212

for cleaning contact lenses, 208, 216 lipid deposition prevention with, 34

Surgery

refractive, topographic analysis after, 50–52

rigid gas permeable contact lenses following, 12

Symptoms

of complications with lens use, 243–244

of loose or tight contact lenses, 81–82 normal, after rigid gas permeable con-

tact lens fitting, 69

visual, after initiating contact lens wear, 70–73

Index 313

Tangential curvature map in keratoconus, 52

from videokeratography, 44–45 Tapered peripheral zone technique, for

toric hydrophilic contact lenses, 104

Tear break-up time, evaluating, in a symptomatic patient, 28–29

Tear exchange

under contact lenses, 3

and fitting spherical rigid contact lens to correct astigmatism, 96

with toric contact lens, 99–100 Tear film

alterations in, after wearing contact lens, 73

in contact lens fitting, after ocular trauma, 175

deficiency of, patient education about, 222

evaluation of

in a candidate for contact lens wear, 27–36

in an ophthalmic examination, 11 Tear lens, consideration of, in calculating

the power for rigid contact lens, 60 Tear meniscus

examination before contact lens fitting after ocular trauma, 170

height of, 28

Tears, as an HIV contamination source, 294

Therapeutic lenses, 197–203 defined, 9

disposable, advantages of, 87 for myopia reduction, 254 after ocular trauma, 173

Thimerosal

allergic reactions to, in contact lens solutions, 209–211

toxic corneal reactions to, 257 Timing, of fitting of lens

after corneal transplantation, 160–161 after photorefractive keratotomy, 147 after radial keratotomy, 138

after trauma, 170, 173–174 Tonicity, of contact lens solutions, 207

Tonometry, for therapeutic contact lens evaluation, 199

Topographical Mapping System 1 (TMS- 1), instrument for keratography, 47 Topographic changes, corneal, after ocu-

lar trauma, 174–175 Toric cornea

fitting a spherical rigid lens on, 96 relationship to lens toricity, 100

Toric lenses, 2, 90–108

association of, with corneal warpage, 74 for astigmatism correction, after radial

keratotomy, 144

disposable and planned replacement, 86

314 Index

Toric lenses (continued)

hydrogel, for monovision management of presbyopia, 110

hydrophilic, fitting, after ocular trauma, 176–177

for keratoconus, 186

Total astigmatism, measuring and correcting, 93–94

Toxicity

to the cornea, 257

of lens solution chemicals, 73 Translating bifocal contact lenses, 120–121 Translating designs, bifocal and multifo-

cal contact lenses, 113 Translating multifocal contact lenses, to

manage presbyopia, 109 Transplantation. See Corneal transplanta-

tion

Trauma, chronic, effects of, on the conjunctiva, 287

Trauma

from contact lenses, 169

contact lens fitting after, 168–180 prosthetic contact lenses following, 192

Treatment

of corneal distortion, 253

of corneal vascularization, 256 of microbial keratitis, 260

of toxic reactions in the cornea, 257 Triage, ophthalmic assistant’s role in, 25 Trial lens, 61–63

for aphakic contact lens, overrefraction for fitting, 126

disinfecting, 294 fitting

of front toric rigid contact lens, 97–99

for keratoconus, 188–189 after ocular trauma, 175–176

for toric hydrophilic contact lenses, 105–106

need for, evaluating, 64–67 rigid, selecting, 58–59

set of

for fitting a hydrophilic contact lens, 83

for fitting a toric hydrophilic contact lens, 106

for simultaneous image fitting, 118–121

truncated, fitting with, 97–98 Tricurve, peripheral, for facilitating the

exchange of tear film, 3 Truncation

defined, 5–6

for stabilization of contact lenses, 104

Ulcers

in children with contact lenses, 135 of the cornea, 260

from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, 213

Undercorrection, after radial keratotomy, 136

Vascularization corneal, 255–256 stromal, 249

See also Neovascularization Vascularized limbal keratitis (VLK), find-

ing of, on follow-up visits, 76 Vasoconstrictors

deposits on contact lenses from, 206

for giant papillary conjunctivitis, 288

Vertex distance, defined, 62 Videokeratography, 39–40

interpretation of maps, 42–55

for observing an irregular corneal surface, 92–93

for prescribing rigid posterior toric contact lens, 100

Videokeratoscopy

for fittng contact lenses, after trauma, 175–178

keratoconus diagnosis using, 181–182 See also Computed topograph

Viruses, disinfection to remove, 213 Viscosity agents, in contact lens solutions,

208 Visual acuity

decrease of, as a symptom of complications, 244

distance

with monovision, 111–113

with simultaneous image contact lens, 120

evaluating after ocular trauma, 174, 179

hybrid contact lenses to improve, after refractive surgery, 154

noting, in a routine examination, 19 therapy for improving, in children with

aphakia, 133 Visual field

reduction of, by contact lenses, 195 routine evaluation of, 20

Visual quality, fitting a trial rigid contact lens for, 64

Vogt’s striae

in keratoconus, 182

pachometry map used to evaluate, 55 Volatile materials, in the work environ-

ment, as a contraindication to used of contact lenses, 14

Wear and replacement schedule, 1 Wearing time, after fitting of contact

lenses, 236

Wetting

of lens materials, 221

of rigid gas permeable lenses, 269 Wetting agents, for contact lens care,

219–220

Wetting angle, defined, 4–5 Work environment

contraindications to use of contact lenses in, 14

effects of, on contact lens use, 222 Wound dehiscence, after corneal

transplant, 161 Wratten barrier filter

fluorescein staining enhanced by, 29