Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Considerations in Contact Lens Use Under Adverse Conditions Proceedings of a Symposium_Flattau_1991

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Kenneth Poise, Chair

Considerations in

Contact Lens Use

under Adverse

Conditions

Proceedings of a Symposium

Pamela Ebert Flattau, Editor

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Working Group on Contact Lens Use Under Adverse Conditions

Washington, D.C. 1991

Committee on Vision

Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education

National Research Council

National Academy Press

Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

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WORKING GROUP ON CONTACT LENS USE UNDER

ADVERSE CONDITIONS

KENNETH POLSE (Chair), School of Optometry, University of California,

Berkeley (optometry)

JOHN W. CHANDLER, Clinical Science Center, University of Wisconsin

(ophthalmology)

JAMES P. HUGHES (IOM), Oakland, California (occupational medicine)

JAMES JENKINS, Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Cornell

University (engineering)

DONALD R. KORB, Boston, Massachusetts (optometry)

GEORGE MERTZ, Marietta, Georgia (optometry)

MIGUEL F. REFOJO, The Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts

(engineering)

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COMMITTEE ON VISION

SUZANNE MCKEE (Chair), Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Foundation, San

Francisco

LYNN COOPER, Department of Psychology, Columbia University

RUSSELL LEE DEVALOIS, Department of Psychology and Physiological

Optics, University of California, Berkeley

MERTON CLYDE FLOM, College of Optometry, University of Houston

DAVID L. GUYTON, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins

University

DONALD HOOD, Department of Psychology, Columbia University

JAMES LACKNER, Ashton Graybiel Spatial Orientation Laboratory, Brandeis

University

GORDON E. LEGGE, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota

PETER LENNIE, Center for Visual Sciences, University of Rochester

LOUIS SILVERSTEIN, VCD Sciences, Scottsdale, Ariz.

KENT A. STEVENS, Department of Computer and Information Science,

University of Oregon

ANDREW B. WATSON, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.

PAMELA EBERT FLATTAU, Staff Officer

JOANNE ALBANES, Research Assistant

CAROL METCALF, Administrative Secretary

ROSE WHITE, Secretary

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CONTRIBUTORS

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CONTRIBUTORS

MATHEA R. ALLANSMITH, Department of Immunology, Eye Research

Institute, Boston, Mass., and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical

School

LEO G. CARNEY, College of Optometry, Ohio State University

RICHARD J. DENNIS, U.S. Air Force, School of Aerospace Medicine,

Brooks Air Force Base, Tex.

ROBERT P. GREEN, JR., U.S. Air Force, School of Aerospace Medicine,

Brooks Air Force Base, Tex.

JAMES T. JENKINS, Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Cor-

nell University

JOSHUA E. JOSEPHSON, Toronto, Ontario

STEPHEN D. KLYCE, Louisiana State University Eye Center

MORRIS R. LATTIMORE, JR., U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Labora-

tory, Fort Rucker, Ala.

GERALD E. LOWTHER, School of Optometry, Medical Center, University of

Alabama, Birmingham

ROBERT B. MANDELL, School of Optometry, University of California,

Berkeley

ANDREW A. MARKOVITS, Department of Ophthalmology, Naval

Aerospace Medical Institute, Pensacola, Fla.

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GEORGE W. MERTZ, Department of Clinical Research, Vistakon Inc. (a divi-

sion of Johnson & Johnson Vision Product, Inc.), Jacksonville, Fla.

MELVIN R. O'NEAL, Armstrong Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Wright-

Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio

MIGUEL F. REFOJO, Eye Research Institute, Boston, Mass., and Department

of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School

OLIVER D. SCHEIN, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Balti-

more, Md.

JOHN P. SCHOESSLER, College of Optometry, Ohio State University

JAMES F. SOCKS, Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, Tex.

CONTRIBUTORS

vi

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FOREWORD

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The results of this symposium will be of particular interest to

those

FOREWORD

The Committee on Vision is a standing committee of the National

Research Council's Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Educa-

tion. The committee provides analysis and advice on scientific issues and

applied problems involving vision. It also attempts to stimulate the further

development of visual science and to provide a forum in which basic and

applied scientists, engineers, and clinicians can interact. Working groups of the

committee study questions that may involve engineering and equipment, physio-

logical and physical optics, neurophysiology, psychophysics, perception, envi-

ronmental effects on vision, and treatment of visual disorders.

In order for the committee to perform its role effectively, it draws on

experts from a wide range of scientific, engineering, and clinical disciplines.

The members of this working group were chosen for their expertise in research

related to ocular response to contemporary contact lenses and for their familiar-

ity with the application of those research findings to the use of contact lenses in

extreme environments.

This report summarizes present understanding of the scientific, clinical,

and technological issues surrounding the use of contact lenses. Symposium par-

ticipants discussed the special occupational conditions experienced by military

personnel in the aerospace environment that give rise to the question of whether

contact lenses should or should not be used. The proceedings of the symposium

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will serve as the basis for further deliberations by the working group.

FOREWORD

viii

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PREFACE

ix

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istry, corneal topography, and biochemical aspects of contact lens wear. The

PREFACE

In response to a request from the Triservice Aeromedical Research Panel

(TARP), the Committee on Vision established the Working Group on Contact

Lens Use Under Adverse Conditions. The working group was asked to: (1)

summarize current scientific, clinical, and technological issues in the use of con-

tact lenses, (2) review the operational requirements of military personnel rela-

tive to the use of contact lenses, and (3) identify the critical factors to be taken

into account by TARP in adopting a formal position on the use of contact lenses

by U.S. military personnel.

To accomplish these goals, the working group convened a symposium to

review what is known about the design and use of contemporary contact lenses.

Special emphasis was given to the use of lenses in extreme environmental condi-

tions. Twenty-five specialists from the fields of optometry, ophthalmology,

visual psychophysics, and engineering met for two days in November 1988 at

Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas, in conjunction with the fall meet-

ing of the Triservice Aeromedical Research Panel. Participants essentially pro-

vided a tutorial on recent developments in the design and use of contact lenses.

The two-day symposium was organized around scientific and clinical con-

siderations in the use of contact lenses. Following a series of briefings by mili-

tary personnel, members of the first session were asked to address environmen-

tal effects on contact lens wear, including the effects of low oxygen and low

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humidity. The second panel considered environmental conditions and tear chem-