- •Corneal Disease
- •Preface
- •Contents
- •Contributors
- •Core Messages
- •Organisms
- •Detection
- •Acid Fast Smears
- •Culture Media
- •Molecular Tests
- •Nucleic Acid Hybridization Probes
- •Line Probes
- •DNA Sequencing
- •FISH (Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization) Assay
- •DNA Microarray
- •Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)
- •Management
- •Clinical Diagnosis
- •Medical Therapy
- •Surgical Intervention
- •Penetrating Keratoplasty
- •Corneal Cross-Linking
- •Summary for the Clinician
- •References
- •Core Messages
- •Introduction
- •Epidemiology
- •Visual Morbidity
- •Documentation
- •Causative Factors
- •Causative Bacteria
- •Investigation of Keratitis
- •Laboratory Diagnosis: Susceptibility Testing
- •Susceptibility and Resistance of Bacterial Isolates
- •Treatment: Antimicrobials
- •Current Antimicrobials in Use
- •The Fluoroquinolones
- •Aminoglycosides
- •Cephalosporins
- •Other Antimicrobials Used
- •Development of Existing and New Classes of Drugs
- •Tigecycline
- •Linezolid
- •Meropenem
- •Combination Therapy
- •Drug Delivery to the Cornea
- •Novel Methods of Drug Delivery to the Cornea
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •3: Heredity of Keratoconus
- •Introduction
- •Is Keratoconus a Heritable or Genetic Disease?
- •Mutational Screening of Candidate Genes in Keratoconus
- •Visual System Homeobox Gene 1 (VSX1)
- •Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1)
- •Interleukin 1 (IL1) Superfamily
- •Collagen Genes
- •Genetic Mapping in Keratoconus
- •Genetics of Keratoconus – Mendelian or Complex?
- •References
- •4: Advance in Corneal Imaging
- •Introduction
- •In Vivo Confocal Microscopy (IVCM)
- •Principles of Confocal Microscopy
- •The Normal Cornea
- •Clinical Applications
- •Infectious Keratitis
- •Corneal Dystrophies
- •Refractive Surgery
- •Corneal Surgery
- •Other Clinical Applications
- •Limitations of IVCM
- •Anterior Segment Ocular Coherence Tomography (OCT)
- •Clinical Applications
- •Corneal Thickness Assessment
- •Refractive Surgery
- •Corneal Grafts
- •Limitations
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •Core Messages
- •Introduction
- •“Angiogenic Privilege of the Cornea” or “How Does the Normal Corneal Maintain Its Avascularity?”
- •General Mechanisms
- •Corneal Hemangiogenesis After Low-Risk Keratoplasty
- •Corneal Hemangiogenesis After High-Risk Keratoplasty
- •Corneal Lymphangiogenesis: Essential for Corneal Graft Rejection
- •Corneal Lymphangiogenesis in Dry Eye
- •Imaging of Corneal Lymphatic Vessels
- •Novel Anti(lymph)Angiogenic Treatment Options at the Cornea
- •Current Treatment Options for Immature Corneal (Blood and Lymphatic) Vessels
- •Steroids
- •Anti-VEGFs (Bevazicumab, Ranibuzumab, Pegaptanib, VEGF Trap)
- •Anti-IRS 1-Strategies (Antisense Oligonucleotides Against IRS 1)
- •Treatment Options for Mature Corneal Vessels
- •Unmet Needs and Future Directions
- •References
- •Core Messages
- •Introduction
- •Retrieval of Donor Tissue
- •Technical Aspects
- •Microbiological Aspects
- •Tissue Evaluation Aspects
- •Corneal Storage
- •Moist Chamber Storage of the Donor Eye
- •Technical Aspects
- •Storage Period
- •Microbiological Safety
- •Tissue Evaluation
- •Hypothermic Storage of the Corneoscleral Button
- •Technical Aspects
- •Storage Period
- •Microbiological Safety
- •Tissue Evaluation
- •Organ Culture (Normothermic Storage) of the Corneoscleral Button
- •Technical Aspects
- •Storage Period
- •Microbiological Safety
- •Tissue Evaluation
- •Other Aspects
- •Pre-cutting of Corneal Tissue for Endothelial Keratoplasty (EK)
- •Microkeratome Cutting
- •Femtosecond Laser Cutting
- •Stripping of Descemet’s Membrane with Endothelium
- •Donor Considerations for EK
- •References
- •7: Infant Keratoplasty
- •Core Messages
- •Introduction
- •Indications for Surgery
- •Visual Outcome
- •Patient Selection
- •Patient Assessment
- •Ancillary Testing
- •Donor Tissue
- •Intraoperative Considerations
- •Concurrent Surgical Procedures
- •Postoperative Considerations
- •Suture Management
- •Optical Correction and Amblyopia Therapy
- •Postoperative Complications
- •Glaucoma
- •Graft Rejection
- •Graft Failure
- •Alternatives to Penetrating Keratoplasty
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •Index
Contents
1 |
New Aspects in the Diagnosis and Therapy |
|
|
of Mycobacterial Keratitis...................................................................... |
1 |
|
Darlene Miller, Dalia Girgis, Carol Karp, |
|
|
and Eduardo C. Alfonso |
|
2 |
New Developments in Antibacterial Chemotherapy |
|
|
for Bacterial Keratitis ............................................................................. |
19 |
|
H. Sueke, J. Shankar, T.J. Neal, M. Horsburgh, |
|
|
R. Gilbert, and Stephen B. Kaye |
|
3 |
Heredity of Keratoconus......................................................................... |
37 |
|
Colin E. Willoughby and Judith Lechner |
|
4 |
Advance in Corneal Imaging.................................................................. |
53 |
|
Antoine Labbé, Alexandre Denoyer, |
|
|
and Christophe Baudouin |
|
5 |
Antiangiogenic Treatment Options in the Cornea ............................... |
71 |
|
Claus Cursiefen and Felix Bock |
|
6 |
Storage of Donor Cornea for Penetrating |
|
|
and Lamellar Transplantation............................................................... |
91 |
|
Elisabeth Pels and Graeme Pollock |
|
7 |
Infant Keratoplasty................................................................................. |
107 |
|
Peter Kim and David S. Rootman |
|
Index................................................................................................................. |
123 |
|
vii
Contributors
Eduardo C. Alfonso, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
Christophe Baudouin, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris, France
Felix Bock Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne,
Köln, Germany
Claus Cursiefen, M.D., FEBO Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
Alexandre Denoyer, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris, France
R. Gilbert St. Paul’s Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, 8Z Link, Liverpool, UK
Dalia Girgis, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
M. Horsburgh Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Carol Karp, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
Stephen B. Kaye St. Paul’s Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, 8Z Link, Liverpool, UK
Peter Kim, MBBS (Hons), FRANZCO Department of Ophthalmology, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Antoine Labbé, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris, France
Judith Lechner School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Vision and Vascular Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
ix
x |
Contributors |
|
|
Darlene Miller, DHSc. Department of Ophthalmology,
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
T.J. Neal Department of Microbiology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
Elisabeth Pels, Ph.D. Cornea Bank Amsterdam, Euro Tissue Bank, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
Graeme Pollock, Ph.D. Lions Eye Donation Service Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
David S. Rootman, M.D., FRCSC Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
J. Shankar St. Paul’s Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, 8Z Link, Liverpool, UK
H. Sueke St. Paul’s Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, 8Z Link, Liverpool, UK
Colin E. Willoughby School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Vision and Vascular Science, Queen’s University Belfast,
Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
