- •CONTENTS
- •PREFACE
- •ABSTRACT
- •1. INTRODUCTION
- •2.1. Background
- •2.1.1. Anatomical Asymmetry of Brain
- •2.1.2. Hemispheric Lateralization of Cerebral Functions
- •2.1.3. Hemispheric Asymmetry Using Reaction Time
- •2.1.4. Reaction Time Task Based Upon Double Crossed Projections
- •2.2.1. Purpose
- •2.2.2. Methods
- •2.2.2.1. Participants
- •2.2.2.2. Apparatus
- •2.2.2.3. Procedures
- •2.2.3. Results
- •2.2.4.Discussion
- •2.3.1. Purpose
- •2.3.2. Materials and Methods
- •2.3.2.1. Participants
- •2.3.2.2. Apparatus
- •2.3.2.3. Procedures
- •2.3.3. Results
- •2.3.4. Discussion
- •2.4.1. Purpose
- •2.4.2. Methods
- •2.4.2.1. Participants
- •2.4.2.2. Apparatus and Procedures
- •2.4.3. Results
- •2.4.4. Discussion
- •2.5.1. Purpose
- •2.5.2. Methods
- •2.5.2.1. Participants
- •2.5.2.2. Apparatus
- •2.5.2.3. Procedures
- •2.5.3. Results
- •2.5.4. Discussion
- •2.5.4.1. Effect of Luminance on Hemispheric Asymmetry
- •2.5.4.2. Effect of Contrast on Hemispheric Asymmetry
- •2.5.4.3. Effect of Practice on Visual Field Difference
- •2.5.4.4. Effect of Subject Number Size
- •2.6.1. Purpose
- •2.6.2. Methods
- •2.6.2.1. Participants
- •2.6.2.2. Apparatus
- •2.6.2.3. Procedures
- •2.6.3. Results
- •2.6.4. Discussion
- •2.7.1. Purpose
- •2.7.2. Methods
- •2.7.2.1. Participants
- •2.7.2.2. Apparatus
- •2.7.2.3. Procedures
- •2.7.3. Results
- •2.7.4. Discussion
- •3.1. Background
- •3.1.1. Startle Response
- •3.1.2. Prepulse Inhibition
- •3.2. Purpose
- •3.3. Methods
- •3.3.1. Participants
- •3.3.2. Apparatus
- •3.3.3. Prepulse
- •3.3.4. Startle Stimulus
- •3.3.5. Recordings Of Blinking
- •3.3.6. Procedures
- •3.4. Results
- •3.4.1. Measurements of the Response Amplitude
- •3.4.2. Typical Example of PPI of the Blink Response
- •3.4.3. Responses to Chromatic and Achromatic Prepulses
- •3.5. Discussions
- •3.5.1. Three Types of Blink Reflexes
- •3.5.2. Eyelid and Eye Movements During Blinking
- •3.5.3. Neural Circuit for PPI
- •3.5.4. Effect of Change in Luminance
- •3.5.5. Cortical Contributions to PPI
- •4.1. Two Visual Pathways
- •4.2. Two Visual Streams
- •4.3. Three Hierarchies of the Brain
- •4.4. Limbic System
- •4.5. Dual Processing Circuits of Visual Inputs
- •4.7. Blindsight and Extrageniculate Visual Pathway
- •4.8. Amygdala and the Affective Disorders
- •4.9. Amygdala Regulates the Prefrontal Cortical Activity
- •4.10. Multimodal Processing for Object Recognition
- •5. CONCLUSION
- •ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- •REFERENCES
- •ABSTRACT
- •INTRODUCTION
- •1.1. Newton on the Properties of Light and Color
- •1.2. Interaction of the Color-Sensing Elements of the Eye
- •1.4. The Mechanisms of Mutual Influence of Sense Organs
- •Ephaptic Connections
- •Irradiation Effect. The Rule of Leveling and Exaggeration
- •Connections between Centers
- •The Role of the Vegetative Nervous System
- •Sensor Conditioned Reflexes
- •The Changing of Physiological Readiness of the Organism to Perception
- •1.1. The History of the Principle of the Being and Thinking Identity
- •Parmenides
- •Plato
- •Aristotle
- •Descartes
- •Necessity
- •Sufficiency
- •Leibnitz
- •Wittgenstein
- •Modern Analytic Tradition
- •2) Sufficiency
- •1) Necessity
- •2.2. Critical Arguments against Experience
- •2) Historical Development of the Scientific Fact (L. Fleck)
- •2.3. The Myths about Experience: Passivity and Discreteness of Perception
- •The Thesis of Underdeterminacy as a Corollary of Perception Activity
- •The Principle of Empirical Holism
- •3.2. The Color and Cognition
- •Example of Presetting Influence on the Possibility of Observation
- •CONCLUSION
- •REFERENCES
- •ABSTRACT
- •What Is Colour?
- •Biological Colourations in Living Organisms
- •Pigment Based Colouration
- •Structure Based Colourations
- •Bioluminescence: Colourations from Light
- •Functional Anatomy of Colour Vision across the Species
- •Colour Vision in Non-Humans
- •Colour and the Human Visual System
- •Deceptive Signalling or Camouflage
- •Advertising and Mate Choice
- •Repulsive Signalling
- •Additional Functions
- •Colour Perception in Man: Context Effects, Culture and Colour Symbolism
- •Context Effects in Colour Perception
- •Colour Perception and Cultural Differences
- •Colour Symbolism and Emotions
- •REFERENCES
- •INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN COLOUR VISION
- •ABSTRACT
- •1. INTRODUCTION
- •2. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE FUNDAMENTALS
- •3. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN
- •A. STIMULUS GENERATING SYSTEM
- •B. PSYCHOPHYSICAL TEST
- •C. SAMPLE
- •4. DIFFERENCES IN THE MODEL OF COLOUR VISION
- •4. CONCLUSION
- •ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- •REFERENCES
- •ABSTRACT
- •1. INTRODUCTION
- •2.1. Evidences For and Against the Segregation Hypothesis
- •2.1.1. Early Visual Areas
- •2.1.2. Higher Visual Areas
- •2.2. Evidences For and Against a Specialized Color Centre in the Primate
- •CONCLUSION
- •ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- •REFERENCES
- •ABSTRACT
- •3. THE PHENOMENAL EVIDENCES FOR COLOUR COMPOSITION
- •4. MIXING WATER AND MIXING COLOURS
- •REFERENCES
- •1. INTRODUCTION
- •2.2. Variational Approaches
- •2.3. Statistics-Based Anisotropic Diffusion
- •2.4. Color Image Denoising and HSI Space
- •2.5. Gradient Vector Flow Field
- •3. COLOR PHOTO DENOISING VIA HSI DIFFUSION
- •3.1. Intensity Diffusion
- •3.2. Hue Diffusion
- •3.3. Saturation Diffusion
- •4. EXPERIMENTS
- •5. CONCLUSIONS
- •REFERENCE
- •REFERENCES
- •ABSTRACT
- •INTRODUCTION
- •CAROTENOIDS AS COLORANTS OF SALMONOID FLESH
- •SEA URCHIN AQUACULTURE
- •Effect of a Diet on Roe Color
- •Relationship between Roe Color and Carotenoid Content
- •REFERENCES
- •ABSTRACT
- •INTRODUCTION
- •History & Current Ramifications of Colorism/Skin Color Bias
- •Colorism in the Workplace
- •CONCLUSION
- •REFERENCES
- •ABSTRACT
- •ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- •REFERENCES
- •ABSTRACT
- •ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- •REFERENCES
- •INDEX
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Combined influence of these factors leads to the situation when correlation between gonads’ color characteristics in the market scale and carotenoids concentration cannot be found. For example, the minimal concentration of pigments within 2.5YR tone (the color gradation A) practically equals to carotenoids concentration for grade B at samples with 5YR hue and substantially higher than corresponding values of the concentration for grade 3 in 7.5YR hue (Table 1).
It should be noted, that the difference between samples of grade B and C is not so clear, and, probably, can be attributed to influence non-carotenoid pigments. Thus, Carolsfeld et al. (1999) have found correlation of dark gonad color with the content of “hydroquinone-like compounds”.
Thus, studying of relationship of color, carotenoid content and customer preferences for Echinoderms shows both similar pattern found earlier for salmon - the increase in red color stimulus with growth of concentration of pigments, and some differences. As well as in salmon fishes (though they contain other carotenoids) we observed increase of red color stimulus and decrease yellow one with increase of carotenoid content in sea urchins S. intermedius and S. nudus. Unlike salmon fishes, sea urchins have certain optimum of pigment concentration, excess of which leads to ascribing samples to grade B (dark red color, less desirable by customers). Then, it is necessary use three-dimensional color scales for studying relationship between color and pigment content.
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