see also Chapter 8, Constricted fields after herniation).
Diagnosis: Shunt malfunction in the absence of ventriculomegaly
Tip: The dorsal midbrain syndrome is an important and early sign of shunt failure and may occur even in the absence of radiographic changes.
FURTHER READING
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D. Milea, Blindness in a strict vegan. N Engl J Med, 342 (2000), 897–8.
J.F. Rizzo, Adenosine triphosphate deficiency: a genre of optic neuropathy. Neurology, 45 (1995), 11–16.
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V.P. Butler Jr., J. G. Odel, E. Rath et al., Digitalis-induced visual disturbances with therapeutic serum digitalis con-
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H. A. Horst, K. D. Kolenda, G. Duncker, F. Schenck, H. Lottler, Color vision deficiencies induced by subtoxic and toxic digoxin and digitoxin serum levels. Med Klin, 83 (1988), 541–7.
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R.G. Weleber, W. T. Shults, Digoxin retinal toxicity: clinical and electrophysiologic evaluation of a cone dysfunction syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol, 99 (1981), 1568– 72.
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Myasthenia
K. C. Golnik, R. Pena, A. G. Lee, E. R. Eggenberger, An ice test for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. Ophthalmology, 106 (1999), 1282–6.
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L.L. Kusner, A. Puwanat, H. J. Kaminski, Ocular myasthenia. Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Neurologist, 12 (2006), 231–9.
Aneurysmal third nerve palsy
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One-and-a-half syndrome
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178Chapter 10: Over-reliance on negative test results
Cortical visual loss with negative neuro-imaging
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