Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Clinical Pathways in Glaucoma_Zimmerman, Kooner_2001

550 Index

Cavernous sinus thrombosis raised EVPEVP, 118

Central nervous system IOP, 391

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) diagnosis, 231

neovascular glaucoma, 230, 360 Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO)

diagnosis, 231

neovascular glaucoma, 230, 322, 360 POAG, 229

treatment, 232, 362

Central Vein Occlusion Study Group, 230 Cerebrovascular diseases, 360

Chagas’ disease, 380 diagnosis, 383 incidence, 382

ocular complications, 383 treatment, 384

Chalcosis, 297, 299 diagnosis, 302–303 differential diagnosis, 303 treatment, 307

Chandler’s syndrome, 129, 131, 131f Chemical injury, 307–310

acidic vs. alkaline, 307, 309 defined, 307–308 diagnosis, 308–309 differential diagnosis, 309 epidemiology, 308 mechanism, 308 treatment, 309–310

Childhood glaucoma, 1–19 classification, 1–2, 2t, 3t clinical signs, 10–11

congenital anomalies associated with, 2t, 4–8

defined, 1 diagnosis, 9–15 epidemiology, 9

evaluation algorithm, 16f treatment, 15–18

Chloral hydrate, 342 Cholinesterase inhibitors

open-angle glaucoma, 219 succinylcholine, 441

Choroidal hemangioma Sturge-Weber syndrome, 121

Choroidal hemorrhage, 256 Choroidal melanoma

signs and symptoms, 411, 413 treatment, 420–421

Chromosomal anomalies, 7 Chronic iridocyclitis, 8

Chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma laser iridectomy, 92–93

presentation, 92–93 Chronic unilateral glaucoma

vs. angle recession glaucoma, 284

Ciliary block glaucoma after laser iridotomy, 250

treatment, 251–253, 252t Ciliary body

freezing, 540 innervation, 535

melanoma, 411, 413, 420–421 Ciliochoroidal effusion, 237–238 Cimetidine, 343

Clonidine EVP, 124

Coat’s disease, 230 diagnosis, 231–232 treatment, 233

Cogan-Reese syndrome, 129, 130, 138 Collaborative Glaucoma Study, 32 Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study

(COMS), 420–421

Collagen vascular diseases, 362–364, 363f defined, 362

diagnosis, 362 epidemiology, 362 neovascular glaucoma, 362 treatment, 363–364, 363f

Compression gonioscopy, 461 Congenital cloudy cornea, 12–14, 12t Congenital ectopia lentis, 189 Congenital glaucoma. See also Childhood

glaucoma Congenital rubella, 13, 377 Congenital syphilis, 13

Corticosteroid-induced glaucoma defined, 333–334

diagnosis, 336–337

differential diagnosis, 336–337, 336t epidemiology, 334–336

future, 346 mechanism, 336

risk factors, 334–335, 334t, 335t symptoms, 337

treatment, 337–346, 338f Cryotherapy

Coats’ disease, 233 retinal

diabetes, 233

Cushing’s syndrome, 334, 356–357 defined, 356

diagnosis, 357 epidemiology, 357 future, 357 treatment, 357

Cyclocryotherapy blind, painful eye, 540 uveitis glaucoma, 161

Cyclodestructive procedures uveitis glaucoma, 161–162

Cycloplegics

blind, painful eye, 539 CRVO, 232

ectopia lentis, 196 phacomorphic glaucoma, 208 uveitis glaucoma, 160

Cyclosporin A

herpes simplex keratitis, 149 uveitis glaucoma, 161

Cysticercosis, 385–386 diagnosis, 387 incidence, 386 treatment, 387

Cystinosis, 14, 364–365, 366 Cystoid macular edema

epinephrine, 219 latanoprost, 444

Cytochalasin, 447 Cytomegalovirus, 376 Cytoskeletal agents, 447

D

Dapiprazole, 183 pigmentary glaucoma, 182 plateau iris syndrome, 102

Dermatologic disorders, 388–392 defined, 388–390

treatment, 389f, 390

Diabetes mellitus, 31–32, 230, 274, 357–359 alpha-adrenergics, 443

angle-closure attack, 358 beta blockers, 435

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, 439 cataract, 487

chronic open-angle glaucoma, 358 defined, 357

diagnosis, 358 epidemiology, 358 future, 358–359

ghost cell glaucoma, 281 neovascular glaucoma, 358 open-angle glaucoma, 233 pregnancy, 517

treatment, 233, 358 Diazepam, 341 Dicyclomine HCL, 342 Diethylcarbamazine, 387 Digitalis, 345

Diltiazem, 448 Dipivefrin

advantages, 442 lactation, 523t pregnancy, 525–526

Diurnal curve NTG, 75, 76

Dorzolamide, 264

acute primary angle-closure glaucoma, 96t administration, 436

lactation, 523t pregnancy, 526–527 visual function, 437

Index 551

vs. acetazolamide, 437 vs. brinzolamide, 438 vs. timolol, 436

Dorzolamide/timolol, 437

Dracunculus, 388

Drug-induced glaucoma, 333–346 classification, 333f

defined, 333–334 epidemiology, 334–336

Dural shunt syndrome (DSS) raised EVP, 122

Dysproteinemias, 366–367

E

ECCE-trabeculectomy, 498

Echinococcus multilocularis, 387–388 Ectopia lentis, 188–197

congenital, 189

congenital syndromes, 190t defined, 188

diagnosis, 189–194

differential diagnosis, 190, 191t eccentric pupils, 192

entities associated with, 188t epidemiology, 189

future, 197 glaucoma

mechanisms, 190t homocystinuria, 190t, 194 Marfan syndrome, 190t, 193–194 microspherophakia, 192–193 pupillary-block angle closure, 189 systemic abnormalities, 192 treatment, 194–197, 195t

Weill-Marchesani syndrome, 190t, 193 Ectopic pupils

ectopia lentis, 192 Elavil, 340

Electric injury, 312 Electroretinography (ERG), 39

chalcosis, 303

Elevated EVP. See Raised episcleral venous pressure

Elevated intraocular pressure congenital glaucoma, 4 episcleritis, 150, 152 evaluation, 39–40, 40t keratitis, 148

pigmentary glaucoma, 178 scleritis, 153–154

uveitic glaucoma, 157 Eliprodil, 449 Encephalofacial angiomatosis

raised EVP, 121–122 Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis

raised EVP, 121–122 Endocrine disorders, 351–360

treatment, 351, 354f–355f

Glaucomatous-type visual field defects cause, 37t

Glutamate

cytotoxic effects, 24–25 toxicity, 449

Glycerin, 326

acute primary angle-closure glaucoma, 96t lactation, 523t

Glycerol pregnancy, 528

Gnathostoma, 388 Goniodysgenesis, 6 Gonioplasty, 467 Gonioscopy

acute primary angle-closure glaucoma, 90t–91t

angle recession glaucoma, 284 angles, 88–89

chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma, 92

epithelial down-growth, 301 fibrous ingrowth, 301

ghost cell glaucoma, 280 POAG, 36, 41, 43

primary angle-closure glaucoma, 86–88, 87t

radiation injury, 311 siderotic glaucoma, 302 trabecular injury, 286 traumatic cataract, 288 traumatic uveitis, 294 vascular disease, 360

Goniotomy, 15–17 Graves’ disease

clinical presentation, 359 IOP, 359

Guarded trabeculectomy, 468–470, 469t

H

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), 378

Hartmannella, 383 HDL

beta blockers, 435 Heat shock proteins, 449

Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT), 65 Helminthic diseases, 385–387

defined, 385–386 diagnosis, 386–387 epidemiology, 386 treatment, 387

Hematologic disorders, 366–370 defined, 366–368

diagnosis, 369 epidemiology, 368 future, 370

treatment, 367f, 369–370

Hemodialysis, 364–366. See also Renal disease defined, 364

Index 553

IOP, 364

Hemolytic glaucoma, 239, 277–278 defined, 277

diagnosis, 277

differential diagnosis, 277–278 epidemiology, 277 mechanism, 277

risk factors, 277 treatment, 278

vs. ghost cell glaucoma, 281 vs. trabecular injury, 286 vs. traumatic uveitis, 294

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), 378

Hemosiderotic glaucoma, 239, 278–279 defined, 278

diagnosis, 278 differential diagnosis, 279 epidemiology, 278 mechanism, 278

risk factors, 278 treatment, 279

vs. trabecular injury, 286 Heredity. See Genetics

Herpes simplex keratitis, 148, 149 Herpes simplex uveitis, 165

Herpes simplex virus (HSV), 133, 134t, 374 Herpesvirus, 374–376

Herpes zoster keratouveitis, 148

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), 148, 375–376

Herpes zoster uveitis, 165 Heterochromia

differential diagnosis, 416–417 High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

beta blockers, 435

High molecular weight (HMW) proteins phacolytic glaucoma, 204

High myopia, 14 Homatropine

uveitis glaucoma, 160 Homocystinuria, 6

ectopia lentis, 190t, 194 microspherophakia, 193 pathogenesis, 194

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) topical beta blockers, 435

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 377 Hurler syndrome, 14

Hutchinson’s sign, 375 Hyaluronic acid, 343 Hydrocortisone

uveitis glaucoma, 158 Hydroxyapatite, 542 Hypercoagulable state, 63–64 Hyperosmotics

acute primary angle-closure glaucoma, 96t hyphema, 276

mechanism, 446

554 Index

Hyperosmotics (cont.) phacomorphic glaucoma, 208 pregnancy, 528

primary angle-closure glaucoma, 93 side effects, 446

types, 445–446 Hyperprolactinemia, 355 Hypertensive uveitis, 15 Hyperthermia, 449 Hypertonic agents, 428t

Hyperviscosity syndromes, 366–367 incidence, 368

treatment, 369 Hyphema, 273–277

defined, 273 diagnosis, 274–275

differential diagnosis, 275 epidemiology, 273–274 IOP, 274, 275 mechanisms, 273

risk factors, 273–274 treatment, 275–276

vs. trabecular injury, 286 Hypoglycemics

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, 439 Hypopyon, 148, 218 Hypothyroidism

open-angle glaucoma, 359

I

ICE syndrome. See Iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome

Imipramine, 340 Immunologic factors

POAG, 32–33

Inborn errors of metabolism, 14

Increased EVP. See Raised episcleral venous pressure

Indentation gonioscopy, 87t, 88 angles, 88–89

Indirect gonioscopy angles, 88–89

Infantile glaucoma, 1 Infectious endophthalmitis

vs. phacoanaphylaxis, 218 Inflammation, 8

aphakia, 216 diagnosis, 299–300

differential diagnosis, 299–300 glaucoma with, 147. See also specific

inflammatory conditions. defined, 147

phacoanaphylaxis, 218 pseudophakia, 216 treatment, 303, 306

Influenza, 377–378 Inhalation agents, 344 Intermediate uveitis, 163

International Society of On-Line

Ophthalmologists web site, 49t

Internet, 450

Internet Patient Support Group, 49t Interstitial keratitis, 13 Intracapsular lens removal

phacolytic glaucoma, 206 Intraocular gas, 262 Intraocular hemorrhage

treatment, 306 Intraocular inflammation

blind, painful eye, 536 Intraocular pressure (IOP), 58–59

acute primary angle-closure glaucoma, 90t–91t

amyloidosis, 370 blind, painful eye, 536

blunt trauma, 271f–272f, 282f, 289f central nervous system, 391 Cushing’s syndrome, 356 electrical injury, 312

filtering, 264 glaucoma suspects, 58 Graves’ disease, 359 hemodialysis, 364 hyphema, 274, 275

intraocular tumors, 407t Nd:YAG capsulotomy, 253 ocular surgery, 247 onchocerciasis, 386

optic nerve damage, 63 penetrating trauma, 304f–305f pituitary disease, 355 pregnancy, 519–520

surgery, 477 trabeculectomy, 264 trauma, 267t, 268–269, 274

Intraocular tumors, 403–423 defined, 403–404 diagnosis, 409–419 differential diagnosis, 414f epidemiology, 404–409 future, 422–423

IOP, 407t mechanism, 412–413 metastases, 407

signs and symptoms, 411–412 treatment, 420–422

Intraorbital vascular shunts raised EVP, 123

Inversion therapy raised EVP, 119

Iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome, 129, 131–132, 132f, 136–139

defined, 129

differential diagnosis, 137t epidemiology, 132–136 etiology, 133–134, 133t

future, 143 pathogenesis, 132–133

specular microscopy, 134, 135f treatment, 139–143, 140f

Iridocyclitis chronic, 8

Iris

atrophy, 138 innervation, 535 metastases, 413 pediatric examination, 11

Iris-lens diaphragm

forward displacement, 292–293 Iris medulloepithelioma

signs and symptoms, 411–412 Iris melanocytoma, 405

mechanism, 415

vs. iris melanoma, 411

Iris nevus (Cogan-Reese) syndrome, 129, 130, 138

Irradiation, 372–373, 373f NVG, 372

Ischemic hemispheric branch retinal vein occlusion (HRVO), 360

Isosorbide

acute primary angle-closure glaucoma, 96t diabetes, 233

pregnancy, 528 Ivermectin, 387

J

Jugular venous obstruction raised EVP, 119

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), 163, 362 Juvenile xanthogranuloma, 8, 139, 390,

404, 409 diagnosis, 419 mechanism, 415 treatment, 421–422

K

Kala-azar, 380, 381 Keratitis

acanthamoeba, 381–384 elevated IOP

cause, 148 incidence, 148

glaucoma with, 147–150 defined, 147 diagnosis, 149 future, 149 treatment, 149

herpes simplex, 148, 149 interstitial, 13

vs. chemical injury, 309 Ketamine, 342

Kidney disease, 364–366

Koeppe gonioscopy, 86, 87t angles, 88–89

Krukenberg’s spindle, 174

L

Lactation

glaucoma drugs, 523t Lamina cirbrosa, 38 Large-cell lymphoma, 405 Large cornea

in children, 14 Laser gonioplasty

complications, 467 Laser interferometry, 490 Laser iridectomy

chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma, 92–93

guidelines, 99

pupillary block, 92, 93, 99 relative pupillary block, 82, 83f site, 99–100

technique, 99–100, 100t glaucoma after, 250 penetrating keratoplasty, 259 complications, 466

ectopia lentis, 197 effectiveness, 466 indications, 464 site selection, 465

uveitis glaucoma, 161 Laser peripheral iridoplasty

phacomorphic glaucoma, 209 Laser surgery

glaucoma after, 250–251 Laser trabeculoplasty

glaucoma after, 254 pregnancy, 529 raised EVP, 125

LASIK, 254

Latanoprost, 45, 256, 264, 443 pregnancy, 527

side effects, 443–444 topical carbonic anhydrase

inhibitors, 444 uveitis glaucoma, 160 vs. timolol, 444–445

Latrunculin, 447 Leishmaniasis, 380

diagnosis, 383 incidence, 381

ocular complications, 383 treatment, 384

Lens dislocation, 290–292 defined, 290 diagnosis, 291

differential diagnosis, 291 epidemiology, 290 treatment, 291–292

556 Index

Lens disorders

glaucoma with, 187–188. See also specific lens disorders.

defined, 187 epidemiology, 187

Lensectomy

ROP, 233 Lens extraction

ectopia lentis, 197 phacomorphic glaucoma, 209

Lens-induced glaucoma diagnosis, 300 treatment, 306

Lens-induced uveitis, 158

Lens particle glaucoma, 201–204 defined, 201

diagnosis, 201–202

differential diagnosis, 200f, 202 epidemiology, 201

extracapsular cataract surgery, 202 future, 204

trauma, 268 treatment, 202–204

vs. phacoanaphylaxis, 218 Lens-related open-angle glaucomas

classification, 198–199, 198t Leukemia, 405, 408

diagnosis, 419 mechanism, 415 treatment, 421

Loa loa, 388

Loew’s syndrome, 7 Lymphoma, 405, 408, 415, 419

M

Malaria, 380 diagnosis, 383 incidence, 381 treatment, 384

Malignant glaucoma, 256 after laser iridotomy, 250

treatment, 251–253, 252t after Nd:YAG capsulotomy, 253 pars plana vitrectomy, 261

vs. lens dislocation, 291 vs. traumatic cataract, 288

Malignant lymphoma diagnosis, 419

Mannitol

acute primary angle-closure glaucoma, 96t

hyphema, 276 lactation, 523t pregnancy, 528

Marfan syndrome, 5–6 ectopia lentis, 190t, 193–194 microspherophakia, 193

Marijuana, 446

side effects, 446–447 Measles, 376

Medical therapy, 427–450, 430f compliance, 431–432 defined, 427

diagnosis, 431 epidemiology, 431 future, 447–450 side effects

reduction, 432–433 Medpor, 542 Medrysone

risk, 335, 335t

uveitis glaucoma, 158 Medulloepithelioma, 404–405, 408

diagnosis, 419 mechanism, 415 treatment, 422

Megalocornea, 14

Melanocytoma, 408 diagnosis, 419 treatment, 422

Melanomalytic glaucoma, 416 Memantine, 264, 449

Men. See Gender Meningohemangioma, 121 Meretoja’s syndrome, 370 Methazolamide

acute primary angle-closure glaucoma, 96t

administration, 436 hyphema, 276 lactation, 523t pregnancy, 526

traumatic glaucoma, 369 Methylprednisolone

hyphema, 276

uveitis glaucoma, 158, 160 Methylxanthines, 341 Mianserin hydrochloride, 340 Microcornea

with childhood glaucoma, 2–3 Microspherophakia

diagnosis, 7

ectopia lentis, 192–193 iridotomy, 196 treatment, 196

Weill-Marchesani syndrome, 192–193 Migraines, 32–33

Milk

glaucoma drugs, 523t Minor tranquilizers, 341 Miochol, 256

Miostat, 256 Miotic pupil

management, 505–507 Miotics, 428t

acute primary angle-closure glaucoma, 96t anesthesia, 441

angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, 441

beta blockers, 441

calcium channel blockers, 441 chemical injury, 310 contraindications, 429t CRVO, 232

latanoprost, 444 mechanism, 439–440 myopia, 242

open-angle glaucoma, 219 phacomorphic glaucoma, 208 pigmentary glaucoma, 182 plateau iris syndrome, 102 pregnancy, 525

side effects, 440–441 types, 439

uveitis glaucoma, 160 Mitomycin C, 264, 504

filtration procedures children, 17–18

pregnancy, 529 Molteno implant

uveitis glaucoma, 161

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, 340–341 Morphine, 341

Morquio syndrome, 14 Mucolipidoses, 14 Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), 14 Mumps, 377

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), 165–166 Myopia, 32, 241–243

defined, 241 diagnosis, 242

differential diagnosis, 242 epidemiology, 241–242 future, 243

treatment, 242

N

Nardil, 341 Narrow-angle glaucoma

pregnancy, 516–517

Nasolacrimal duct occlusion, 432–433 Nd:YAG capsulotomy

IOP elevation, 253

malignant glaucoma after, 253 Nd:YAG cyclophotocoagulation

NVG, 330 Nd:YAG laser

guidelines, 100–100 malignant glaucoma, 251–253 penetrating keratoplasty, 259 technique, 99

traumatic cataract, 289 Nd:YAG laser iridotomy

lens dislocation, 292

Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy

lens particle glaucoma, 202–204 Neovascular glaucoma (NVG), 321–330

biologic characteristics, 322 collagen vascular disease, 362 CRAO, 230, 360

CRVO, 230, 328, 360 defined, 321

diabetes mellitus, 358 diabetic retinopathy, 328 diagnosis, 324–325

differential diagnosis, 325, 325t epidemiology, 321–324 etiology, 323t, 326t

future, 330 genetics, 323 IOP, 329 irradiation, 372

Nd:YAG cyclophotocoagulation, 330 OIS, 328–329

pathogenesis, 323–324 predisposing disorders, 322, 323 prevention, 326–327

sickle cell disease treatment, 369 trabeculectomy, 329 with -FU, 330

treatment, 325–330, 327f tube-shunt-surgery, 330

Neovascularization of the angle (NVA), 324–325

Neovascularization of the iris (NVI), 324 Nerve fiber layer, 66

examination, 36–37 Neurofibromatosis, 5, 404, 408

diagnosis, 419 mechanism, 416 treatment, 422

Neurologic disorders, 390–392 treatment, 391f, 392

Neuroprotective agents ocular hypertension, 66–67

Nevus of Ota, 390, 408, 504 mechanism, 416

Nifedipine, 448

Nifurtimox, 384

Nilvadipine, 449

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, 25, 449

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 405 Nonpenetrating traumatic glaucoma,

270–295

angle recession glaucoma, 283–285 defined, 270

diagnosis, 270 differential diagnosis, 270 epidemiology, 270

ghost cell glaucoma, 279–282 hemolytic glaucoma, 277–278 hemosiderotic glaucoma, 278–279

558 Index

Nonpenetrating traumatic glaucoma (cont.) hyphema, 273–277

iris-lens diaphragm displacement, 292–293 lens dislocation, 290–292

trabecular injury, 285–287 traumatic cataracts, 287–289 traumatic uveitis, 293–295 treatment, 273

types, 270f

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

alpha-adrenergics, 443

associated with glaucoma, 339–340, 339t, 340f

blind, painful eye, 539 episcleritis with glaucoma, 151 topical beta blockers, 435 uveitis glaucoma, 160 treatment, 345, 346f

Norgesic, 343

Normal tension glaucoma (NTG), 71–78 autoimmune antibodies, 73

blood flow, 72–73 defined, 71 diagnosis, 74–76 epidemiology, 71–74 future, 78

genetics, 72 IOP, 72

treatment, 76–77, 77f

NSAIDs. See Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs

NTG. See Normal tension glaucoma NVG. See Neovascular glaucoma

O

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, 389–390 vs. chemical injury, 309

Ocular hypertension defined, 57

neuroprotective agents, 66–67

vs. corticosteroid-induced glaucoma, 336 vs. POAG, 60

Ocular surgery

glaucoma after, 247–264 defined, 247 diagnosis, 249–251

differential diagnosis, 249–251 epidemiology, 247–249 future, 264

treatment, 251–264 Ocular toxocariasis

treatment, 387

Ocular toxoplasmosis, 380 Ocular trauma

types, 268t Oculinum, 345

Oculodermal melanocytosis, 390

Ocusert, 440 Onchocerciasis, 385

diagnosis, 386 epidemiology, 386 treatment, 387

Open-angle glaucoma aphakia, 219 caffeine, 341 chronic, 357, 358, 368 diabetes, 233, 358 ectopia lentis, 189 epinephrine, 219 filtering surgery, 219 hypothyroidism, 359

lens-related classification, 198–199, 198t miotics, 219

phacolytic glaucoma, 205 pregnancy, 516 pseudophakia, 219 types, 189

vs. corticosteroid-induced glaucoma, 336

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), 65 Optic atrophy

POAG, 41 Optic disc

examination, 36–37 in myopia, 241–242

Optic nerve abnormal

congenital causes, 15 cupping

NTG, 74, 75

Optic nerve head, 36–37, 66 Orbit

normal venous drainage, 111–112, 112f Orbital arterial venous shunts, 123 Orbital-meningeal shunts

raised EVP, 122 Orbital metastases, 405

Orbital phlebography, 118 Orbital varices

raised EVP, 120–121

Orbital vascular abnormalities classification, 114, 116t

Orbital veins vasculitis, 118

Orbital venous abnormalities raised EVP, 114

Orphenadrine citrate, 343 Otamax, 259

P

Panretinal cryotherapy, 326–327

Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP), 326, 362 secondary angle closure, 251

Paragonimus, 388 Paramyxovirus, 376–377

Parasitic disease, 379–385 defined, 379–380 diagnosis, 382–383 epidemiology, 381–382 future, 385

treatment, 379f, 384 Parasympathomimetic agents, 344, 345t Parnate, 341

Pars plana vitrectomy epithelial down-growth, 306 ghost cell glaucoma, 282 glaucoma after, 261

Pars planitis, 163

Pattern visual-evoked potential (PVEP), 39 Pediatric. See Childhood glaucoma; Children Penetrating keratoplasty, 141, 142f, 257, 257t

treatment, 258–259, 260f Penetrating trauma, 295–307

defined, 295–297 diagnosis, 299–303

differential diagnosis, 299–303 epidemiology, 297–299

IOP, 304f–305f mechanisms, 295–297 treatment, 303–307 types, 296t

Peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) secondary angle closure, 157

Perphenazine, 340

Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, 8 Peter’s anomaly, 7

Phacoanaphylaxis, 202, 217–220 angle closure, 219

defined, 217 diagnosis, 217–218

differential diagnosis, 218 future, 220

pathogenesis, 217 POAG, 218 pupillary block, 219 treatment, 218–220 uveitis, 218

Phacoemulsification, 503 Phacoemulsification-trabeculectomy, 498 Phacolytic glaucoma, 158, 202, 204–206

defined, 204 diagnosis, 205

differential diagnosis, 205 epidemiology, 205 future, 206

high molecular weight (HMW) proteins, 204 intracapsular lens removal, 206 intumescent lens, 206

open-angle glaucoma, 205 pathogenesis, 203t, 204 treatment, 203t, 206

Phacomorphic glaucoma, 207–209 defined, 207

diagnosis, 208

Index 559

differential diagnosis, 208 epidemiology, 207 future, 209

laser peripheral iridoplasty, 209 lens extraction, 209 nonintumescent lens, 207 pathogenesis, 207

treatment, 208–209 YAG laser PI, 209 Phenelzine sulfate, 341

Phenergan, 344

Phenylephrine

malignant glaucoma, 251 uveitis glaucoma, 160

Phospholine iodide

acute primary angle-closure glaucoma, 96t Pierre Robin syndrome, 6

Pigmentary glaucoma, 173–183, 242 alpha-adrenergic antagonists, 182 ALT, 182

beta blockers, 181

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, 181 clinical course, 178

clinical features, 176, 176t defined, 173

diagnosis, 176–183

differential diagnosis, 179, 179t, 180f elevated IOP, 178

epidemiology, 173–175 exercise, 176–177 filtration surgery, 182 future, 182–183 gender, 173–174 genetics, 174

miotics, 182

peripheral iridotomy, 182 pigment dispersion syndrome, 175 pupillary dilation, 176–177

retinal disorders with, 179–181, 181t risk factors, 175, 175f

treatment, 181–182, 181t vs. electrical injury, 312

Pigment dispersion syndrome, 174–175 clinical course, 178

incidence, 174–175 pathophysiology, 177–178

Pilocarpine, 492

acute primary angle-closure glaucoma, 96t administration, 440

angle recession glaucoma, 285 blind, painful eye, 539 CRVO, 232

ES, 212–213 EVP, 124 hyphema, 276 lactation, 523t

laser iridectomy, 99 pigmentary glaucoma, 182 plateau iris syndrome, 102

primary angle-closure glaucoma, 93