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4. Visual hallucinations

5. Ptosis

6. Oculogyric crises

7. Decreased corneal reflex

Conditional/Unclassified

1. Increased intraocular pressure

Clinical significance

Even with relatively low doses (5 mg), phencyclidine may give a characteristic type of nystagmus in which vertical, horizontal and rotary eye movements occur in sudden bursts. In addition, this drug may produce hallucinations and visual defects, including distortion of body image and substitution of fairy-tale characters. Acute toxic reactions can last up to a week after a single dose, although the mental effects can linger for more than a month. These effects may keep recurring in sudden episodes while the patient is apparently recovering. A state of sensory blockade or a blank stare in which the eyes remain conjugate and open but with little or no spontaneous movement is characteristic of phencyclidine coma.

References and Further Reading

Acute drug abuse reactions. Med Lett Drugs Ther 27: 77, 1985. Corales RL, Maull KI, Becker DP. Phencyclidine abuse mimicking head

injury. JAMA 243: 2323, 1980.

McCarron MM, et al. Acute phencyclidine intoxication: incidence of clinical findings in 1,000 cases. Ann Emerg Med 10: 237, 1981.

Pearlson GD. Psychiatric and medical syndromes associated with phencyclidine (PCP) abuse. Johns Hopkins Med J 148: 25, 1981.

Sweetman S (ed). Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference, 34th edn, Pharmaceutical Press, London, pp 1730–1733, 2005.

Generic name: Phencyclidine.

Proprietary name: None.

Street names: Angel dust, angel’s mist, busy bee, crystal, DOA, goon, hog horse tranquilizer, loveboat, lovely mist, monkey tranquilizer, PCP, peace pill, rocket fuel, sheets, super weed, tac, tic.

Primary use

This non-barbiturate anesthetic was removed from the market because of postoperative psychiatric disturbances; however, it is still commonly available on the illicit drug market.

Ocular side effects

Systemic administration

Certain

1.Extraocular muscles

a.Nystagmus – horizontal, rotary or vertical

b.Diplopia

c.Jerky pursuit movements

2. Pupils

a.Miosis

b.Decreased reaction to light 3. Decreased vision

Class: Sedatives and Hypnotics

Generic names: 1. Amobarbital; 2. butalbital; 3. methohexital; 4. methylphenobarbital (mephobarbital); 5. pentobarbital; 6. phenobarbital; 7. primidone; 8. secbutabarbital; 9. secobarbital.

Proprietary names: 1. Amytal; 2. multi-ingredient preparations only; 3. Brevital sodium; 4. Mebaral; 5. Nembutal; 6. Luminal; 7. Mysoline; 8. Butisol sodium; 9. Seconal sodium.

Street names: 1-9 Barbs, bluebirds, blues, tooies, yellow jackets.

Primary use

These barbituric acid derivatives vary primarily in duration and intensity of action and are used as central nervous system depressants, hypnotics, sedatives and anticonvulsants.

Ocular side effects

Systemic administration (Primarily excessive dosage or chronic use)

Certain

1.Eyelids

a.Ptosis

b.Blepharoclonus