Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Biomaterials and regenerative medicine in ophthalmology_Chirila_2010

AAB3N4, 353

AAB4N3, 366

AAB5N5, 353

Aachen keratoprosthesis, 139 Abbe refractometer, 351

accommodating intraocular lenses, 27–8 AT-45 Crystalens intraocular

lens, 28

BioComFold ring-haptic intraocular lens, 27

1CU accommodative intraocular lens, 27

ACI-7000, 93 acrylic acid

copolymer regelation procedure, 351 free radical regelation procedure, 351 structure, 349

acrylic dough, 485 AcrySof, 23, 56, 58 Acuvue, 254

Acuvue Advance, 273, 328 Acuvue Moist, 269 Acuvue Oasys, 273, 329 Acuvue TruEye, 329 adhesive balm, 477

advancing contact angle, 334 age-related macular degeneration

(AMD), 374

aetiology and management, 394–5 scale of problem, 391

aggrecan, 381

Air Optix, 329, 332

air plasma technology, 272–3 Allen implant, 445, 446, 458, 459 AlloDerm, 449

AlphaCor keratoprosthesis, 9, 106–7, 137–8, 198, 520

AlphaSphere, 461 alumina, 448, 454, 455

aluminium encephalopathy, 455 Alvord model, 298

American Academy of Ophthalmology, 442

American Society of Ocularists, 442 amniotic membrane transplantation, 216,

415–17

amniotic membranes, 160, 162 ANOVA, 348

Antheraea pernyi, 232 anti-vascular endothelial growth

factor, 391 aphakia, 254, 313 apodisation, 26 apoptosis, 74

Aqua, 329

Aquair, 329 Aqua-Sense, 52, 53–4 Araneae, 402

argon laser photocurable hydrogel, 420 ARPE-19 cell line, 351, 398, 401,

402, 403

artificial cornea. see keratoprosthesis asteroid hyalosis, 47–8

AT-45 Crystalens, 28 ATAGO Abbe Refractometer

NAR-IT, 351

autogenous dermis fat grafts, 457, 458 Avaira, 274

azo-bis-isobutyryl nitrile, 38

balafilcon A, 222, 271, 286, 292,

295, 326

ball and ring implant, 444 barrer, 290, 291

526 Index

basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, 379

β-galactosidase staining, 392 βIII tubulin, 378 bioabsorbables, 487 bioactive, 482–3 BioComFold, 27 biocompatibility, 264 biodegradables, 487 bioerodibles, 487

Bio-Eye implants, 448, 450, 451, 454, 455

Biofinity, 274, 329

Bioglass, 477

BIOKPro, 138 BioKPro II, 105–6 biomaterials

bioinspired, for soft contact lenses, 263–76

and design of orbital enucleation implants, 433–62

for ocular surface reconstruction, 213–34

retinal pigment epithelium culture and transplantation, 396–403

retinal repair and regeneration, 382–4 Biomet, 478

biomimesis, 310, 498 bioresorbables, 487 biotribology, 305

and friction, 335–6 blends, 516

blurred vision, 76 BMSF, 403

Bombyx mori, 230, 402

Bombyx mori silk fibroin (BMSF), 230 bone cements, 485–6

bone morphogenetic protein, 244 bony orbital reconstruction, 477 Boston keratoprosthesis, 103–4 boundary effects, 296 Bowman’s layer, 69, 199, 200 Bruch’s membrane, 398

Bruch’s membrane complex, 391–4 bucky paper, 401

buckyballs, 401 Burgers model, 342 butterfly LASEK, 79–80

calcification

hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses, 50, 53–4, 56

silicone intraocular lens, 47–8 capillary rheometry, 368 capsular biocompatibility, 20 capsulorrhexis, 255

captive bubble technique, 275 carbon nanotubes, 401 casein, 3

cataract, 243, 257 cataract surgery, 19 cataracts, 18–19 CD36, 392

cell adhesion

directly attached RGD peptide sequences, 197

engineering, 196–8 direct attachment, 196 spacers, 196–8

surface properties influencing cell adhesion, 193–5

absorbed protein conformation, 195

surface energy, 194 topography, 194

cell sheet engineering, 227–9, 400 cellular surgery, 215

celluloid, 3

Chinese Hamster Ovary cells, 347 Chinese hydroxyapatite implant, 450 Chirila KPro see AlphaCor

Keratoprosthesis chitosan, 144

chlorine e6, 421

chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans, 381 chondroitin sulphate-based hydrogel, 426 chondroitinase ABC, 381, 382 chondroitin-sulphate-aldehyde-based

hydrogel sealant, 424 choriocapillaris basal lamina, 393 chorioretinal fibrovascular scaring, 394

Chx10, 379

CIBA patent WO 96/31792, 320–5, 332 ciliary body, 376

location in the mammalian eye, 377 ciliary marginal zone (CMZ), 376 Clariti, 287, 330

CnT-20 medium, 231 CNVM, 393, 394 coefficient of friction, 305

Coheren SE 2000 argon ion laser, 423 collagen, 144, 343, 402, 487

collagen gels, 163–4 collagen patch, 248 collagen type I, 221

collagen type IV, 199, 221, 403 collagen–glycosaminoglycan

copolymer, 222 comfilcon A, 274, 287, 329 composites, 516

Conical Orbital implant, 455 conjunctivalisation, 214 contact angle hysteresis, 334 contact guidance, 176 contact lenses, 517

August Müller, first person to fit contact lenses, 281

extended wear (see extended wear contact lenses)

historical note, 280–2 materials evolution, 308–12

physiological considerations, 283–4 search for superior oxygen

permeability, 280–300 corneal oxygen availability with

silicone hydrogel lenses, 297–9 oxygen performance of silicone

hydrogel contact lenses, 290–7 silicone hydrogel contact

lenses, 285–9

silicone elastomer contact lenses, 284 soft (see soft contact lenses)

contact lens-induced papillary conjunctivitis, 333

continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis, 246

Copolymer 845, 329 coralline hydroxyapatite, 457 cornea, 306

anterior reconstruction, 160, 162–3 amniotic membranes, 160, 162 fibrin gels, 162

in vivo experimental applications, 162–3

cell source, 155–60 endothelial cells, 159–60 epithelial cells, 155–7 stromal keratocytes, 157–9

clinical applications, 174–6

cultured epithelium grafting, 175–6

Index 527

future trends, 176–7

future clinical applications, 177 stromal cell/collagen

orientation, 176

oxygen requirements and limitations of hydrogel permeability, 307–8

posterior reconstruction, 165–7 seeding cultured endothelial cells on devitalized native

stromas, 166

seeding cultured endothelial cells on living native stromas, 165–7

in vivo experimental applications, 166–7

stroma reconstruction, 163–5 collagen gels, 163–4 hydrogels, 164

self-assembly approach, 164–5 synthetic artificial cornea vs tissue

engineering, 134–44 applications, 134–5 artificial cornea, 135 keratoprostheses, 135–40 tissue-engineered corneal

equivalents, 140–2, 144 tissue engineering, 150–77

anatomy and histology, 151 clinical problems and regenerative

medicine, 153–5

tissue reconstruction, 160, 162–7 anterior cornea, 160, 162–3 complete cornea with all three

corneal cell types, 167 corneal stroma, 163–5 posterior cornea, 165–7

typical properties and its environment, 305

in vitro experimental applications, 167–74

extracellular matrix and cell adhesion in wound healing, 169–74

re-epithelialisation in wound healing model, 167–8

corneal allograft surgery see penetrating keratoplasty

corneal epithelial cell engineering attachment and

growth, 198–204

edge effect, 292, 294, 296 elastin layer, 393 elastins, 402

elastomers, 313

electron microscopy, 454

Elschnig pearls/ Sommering rings, 256 endophthalmitis, 275, 427

endostatin, 393 endothelial cells, 159–60

anatomic site, 159–60 cell culture, 160

effect of culture media on number, size and morphology of porcine cells, 161

end-stage glaucoma, 374 enfilcon A, 274, 287, 329

Engelbreth–Holm–Swarm mouse sarcoma tumour cell line, 221

enucleation

gaps in scientific knowledge and future trends, 458–62

historical perspective, 434–6 glass beads placement in an

enucleated left orbit, 436 materials used for enucleation

implants, 437

preparation for eye extirpation, 435 motility implants, 440–6

orbital anatomy and physiology after enucleation, 436–40

effect of implant overall diameter on levator muscle, 441

effect of volume loss from enucleation, 438

relationship between implant diameter and volume, 440 right-sided enopthalmos, 438 orbital implants biomaterials and

design, 433–62 porous implants, 448–55

trends in paediatric enucleation, 455–7

epidermal growth factor, 197, 377 epikeratophakia, 84–5 epi-LASIK, 79

epithelial cells, 155–7 anatomic site, 155–6 cell culture, 156

stabilised transcription factor in cell culture, 156–7

Index 529

expression and DNA binding of transcription factors Sp1, 158

epithelium, 65–7

basal epithelial cell, 67 central cornea, 66

equilibrium water content (EWC), 286, 308, 498

70:30 copolymers of HEMA and monomers containing the N—CO—group, 504

effect on hydrogel oxygen permeability, 510

HEMA–MMA and HEMA–NVP copolymers, 503

homopolymers of monomers containing hydroxyl groups, 501

vs freezing water contents of HEMA– MMA copolymers, 503

etafilcon A, 254, 269, 270 excimer laser, 76

expanded polytetrafluoroethylene,

449, 479

extended wear contact lenses, 284, 304–36

candidate materials, 331

CIBA patent WO 96/31792, 320–5 ionic permeability and biphasic

structures, 321–3 quantitative criteria for on-eye

movement, 323–5 commercial products and further

patents, 325–30

contact lens materials evolution, 308–12

conventional vs silicone-modified hydrogel materials, 331–6 emergence of silicone hydrogels,

315–20

hydrophilic monomers in silicone hydrogel formation, 316

oxygen permeability variation, 319

siloxy macromers, 318 TRIS monomer structural

variants, 317 fluorine-containing and silicon-

containing polymers, 311 oxygen and sodium ion

permeability, 323

530 Index

oxygen corneal requirements and limitations of hydrogel permeability, 307–8

silicon and fluorine exploitation,

312–15

silicone rubber and RGP contact lenses properties, 315

Si—O—Si and C—C—C backbones characteristics, 313

variation in sodium ion permeability with hydrogel water

enhance permeabilities of biphasic structures, 325

transition in lens movement, 324 extracapsular cataract and/or lens

extraction (ECCE) surgery, 246 extracellular matrix, 169–71, 193

proteins, 383

structure and repair, 199–200 eyelid, 306

Faraday’s constant, 294 fat atrophy, 439

Fatt units, 290, 291

FC13 implant, 450, 451, 454, 455 femtosecond laser, 76

femtosecond lenticule extraction, 81 Ferrara rings, 98

fibrin gels, 162

fibrin glue, 224, 415, 421 fibroblast growth factor, 200, 377 3T3 fibroblasts, 221, 225 fibroin, 230, 402

fibronectin, 195, 196, 394, 401, 403 fibronectin adhesion peptide, 201, 202 floaters, 340

Flory equilibrium swelling theory, 361 Flory–Huggins interaction

parameter, 363, 365 Flory–Rehner equation, 361, 364 fluorescein, 423

fluorinated ethylene-propylene, 481 fluorine, 310

fluoroalkyl methacrylates, 314 fluorocarbons, 310 fluoroether macromer, 328 fluoromethacrylates, 314 fluorophore N-retinylidene-N-

retinylethanolamine (A2E), 393 Fluorosilicone hydrogels, 319

flux theory, 298 focal contacts, 199

focal photocoagulation, 253–4 Focus Dailies contact lens, 269

Focus Night & Day, 222, 271, 325, 326, 328, 332, 334

foetal bovine serum, 218 formazan, 351, 352 Fourier transform infrared

spectroscopy, 195 free-volume model, 511 frit filtration, 401

G1 poly(glycerol-succinic acid)- poly(ethylene glycol) hybrid dendrimer, 420, 424, 425

gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, 452

galyfilcon A, 273, 287, 295, 328, 329 gas plasma techniques, 286 gas-to-gas method, 291

Gaylord’s patents, 314 gelatine, 398–9, 487 Gibbs free energy, 364

γ-irradiated murine 3T3 fibroblasts, 217 glial fibrillary acidic protein, 384

glial scar, 381 glistenings, 58–60 intraoptical glistenings, 59 glyceryl methacrylate, 267 glycocalyx, 233 glycosaminoglycan, 144 Gore-Tex, 224, 225, 480 graphenes, 401

guided bone regeneration, 481 gutta-percha, 3

haptic lenses, 280

HEMA see 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate heparin, 144

heparin sulphate, 199 high-density polyethylene, 484–5 hioxifilcon G72-HW, 269

Holden and Mertz criteria, 309, 315, 326 Hughes enucleation implant, 444

human fibrinogen, 248 hyaluronic acid, 251–2, 343

cross-linked, 252–3 modified, 418

hyaluronidase, 253–4

Hydraclear, 287

hydrogel keratoprosthesis, 517 hydrogel materials, 88 hydrogel sealants

amniotic membrane transplantation, 415–17

background and clinical needs, 411–12

chemical structures used to make hydrogels, 413–14

corneal wounds, 418–27 clear corneal laceration

cataract, 426–7 laceration, 418–21 laser-assisted in situ

keratomileusis, 422–3 transplants, 423–6

eye after repositioning of traumatic

LASIK flap dislocation, 422 eye stellate laceration with epithelial

removal treated with laseractivated HA–MA, 419

IOP after application and photopolymerisation of HA–MA, 419

postoperative day 5 corneas, 420 required characteristics, 412 retinal applications, 427–8

sclera sealing with fibrin glue, 417 scleral lacerations, 417–18

short commentary on future trends, 428–9

suture group postoperative view, 424 sutureless AMT, 416

wound repair in ophthalmic surgery, 411–29

hydrogels, 4, 164, 382

deformational behaviour under tension and compression, 514

designing as vitreous substitutes in ophthalmic surgery, 339–70

effect of water content on properties, 504–15

density and refractive index, 515 mechanical properties, 512–14 surface properties, 505–8 transport properties, 508–12

modified hydrogels, 515–20 macroporous hydrogels,

518–20

Index 531

semi-interpenetrating polymer networks, 516–18

silicone hydrogels, 520 nitrogen-containing monomers

structures, 502 permeation models, 511–12

physicochemical properties, 496–520 polar and dispersive components of

surface energy, 507 structures of monomers containing

hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, 500

in water, effects of monomer structure, 497–504

hydroxylalkyl acrylates and methacrylates, 500–1

vinyl amides and substituted acrylamides, 502–4

hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses, 48–50, 53–4, 56

calcification, 50, 53–4, 56 Hydroview & MemoryLens, 51 localized optic void in explanted

lens, 55

SC60B-OUV lens & Aqua-Sense lens, 52

discoloration, 48–50 explanted lenses, 49

hydrophobic acrylic lenses, 56–60 glistenings, 58–60

intraoptical glistenings, 59 interlenticular opacification, 56–7

explanted lenses, 57 Hydroview, 51, 53–4 hydroxyapatite, 491 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 316,

328, 498

HyperBranch Medical Technology (HBMT), 429

hyperopia, 76 hypoxia, 283

Ikada’s methodology, 227 India ink method, 425, 426 induced regeneration, 8 inner collagen layer, 393

Institute of Macromolecular Research in

Czechoslovakia, 282 integration, 442

integrin receptors, 392

532 Index

integrins, 171–2, 200

gene expression during corneal wound healing, 172–4

interface, 481–2

interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), 269, 273

hydrogel preparation, 274–5 mechanical properties, 513 varying methods of synthesis, 516

IntraLase FS laser, 81 intraocular lens, 6, 515

advances in development, 17–30 accommodating intraocular

lenses, 27–8

biological responses, 19–25 cataracts, 18–19

cataracts surgery and intraocular lens materials, 19

lens refilling, 28–30

multifocal intraocular lenses, 26–7 native lens structure, 18

opacification and degradation, 35–60 hydrophilic acrylic lenses, 48–50,

53–4, 56

hydrophobic acrylic lenses, 56–60 PMMA, 36–9

silicone, 39, 41–3, 45–8 intraosseous hemangioma, 489 inverted droplet techniques, 505 Invue, 92–3

ion permeability, 322, 323–5 ionocem, 455

Iowa II implant, 446 Iowa implant, 445, 459

iris pigment epithelial, 395 ISO 9913-1, 291, 295, 296, 297

ISO 9913-1.4, 294

Iwata patent, 330

Janus Green, 421

Kelvin viscosity, 342 KeraRing, 97–8 keratectomy, 215 keratin sulphate, 200

keratocytes, 69–70, 153, 157–9 anatomic site, 157–8

cell culture, 158–9 keratomileusis, 83–4 keratophakia, 84

keratoprostheses, 135–40 Aachen keratoprosthesis, 139

AlphaCor keratoprosthesis, 137–8 BIOKPro, 138

biological, 139–40 core and skirt, 104–7

Dohlman–Doane keratoprosthesis, 136–7

early use, 100–1

osteo-odonto keratoprosthesis, 137 other prostheses in development, 139 outcomes, 107–9

ideal replacement system, 108 Seoul-type keratoprosthesis, 137 SupraDescemetic keratoprosthesis,

138–9

synthetic core with biological support, 101–4

keratoprosthesis, 3, 6 Kestenbaum spectacles, 459 King implant, 445

Laboratoire d’Organogenese

Experimentale, 144

Lactosorb SE, 489

lamellar keratoplasty, 154, 215 laminin, 196, 394, 403 laminin–vitronectin–fibronectin

combination, 403 lap-shear test, 428

laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis, 78,

80–1, 412, 422–3. see also epi-LASIK

laser-assisted sub-epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK), 78–9

lens

tissue engineering fundamentals, 243–57

potential human applications, 256 scaffolds, 250–6

in vitro engineering, 243–5 in vivo engineering, 245–50 lens epithelial cells, 20, 22, 23–4

lens refilling, 28–30

hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel, 29 lentoids, 244

Lepidoptera, 402

limbal autograft transplantation, 215 limbal stem cells, 245

Lipidure, 270

lipofuscin, 392, 393

Lockwood’s ligament, 442 London forces, 505

lotrafilcon A, 222, 271, 286, 292, 295,

296, 326, 328 lotrafilcon B, 295, 329

lower critical solution temperature, 227, 400

Lucentis, 391 lumican, 200

lysine-based dendrimers, 418 lysozyme, 267

macromers, 285, 318–19 macroporous hydrogels, 518–20

different approaches to preparation, 518

structures, 519

magnetic microrheometer, 342 magnetic search coil technique, 459 Math 5, 379

Matrigel, 221, 397 Maxwell viscosity, 342 McCannel sutures, 47 Mebiol gel, 229

Medpor implant, 448, 454, 455, 459, 477, 484

Medpor Titan products, 478 Medpor-Plus implant, 454 megavoltage external beam

irradiation, 456 melano-lipofuscin, 392 melano-lysosomes, 392 melanosome, 392

MemoryLens, 54

Merocel sponge, 423 MerTK, 392, 395 methacrylamide, 401 methacrylic acid, 267, 504

(3-methacryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy) propyl-bis(trimethylsiloxy) methylsilane, 328

3-methacryloxypropyl tris(trimethylsiloxy) silane, 330

2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), 265

methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride (MTAC), 270

Index 533

methyl bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silylpropyl glycerol methacrylate (SiGMA), 274

methyl methacrylate, 446, 502 microbial keratitis, 268 microbial transglutaminase, 428 minimum essential medium, 351 mitomycin C, 217, 228 Molteno M-Sphere, 451

Monocryl Plus Antibacterial, 488 MPC polymers, 265

Müller glia, 375, 376–7

from adult human retina exhibiting stem cell characteristics, 378

Müller stem cells, 381–2 multifocal intraocular lenses, 26–7

ReStor lens, 26–7 ReZoom lens, 26

myofibroblasts, 75 myopia, 76 Myoring, 98 myosins, 402

narafilcon A, 287, 329 n-butylmethacrylate (BMA), 270 nelfilcon A, 269

nestin, 378

neural progenitors, 379–80 neural retina, 376

location in the mammalian eye, 377 neurocan, 381

NeuroD, 379 nigrostriatal tract, 381

N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), 400 N-methyl-N-vinyl acetamide, 330

N,N′-bis(acryloyl)cystamine, 349 N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, 286, 322, 328 NOA61, 225

Novabone, 454 N,-phenylacrylamide, 349 nuclear magnetic resonance, 499 Nutrapore, 90

N-vinyl amides, 503–4 N-vinylpyrrolidinone, 267 N-vinylpyrrolidone, 286, 330, 502 N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-N,N-

dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, 329

O2 Optix, 329