Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Biomaterials and regenerative medicine in ophthalmology_Chirila_2010
.pdfx Contents
15Development of tissue-engineered membranes for the culture and transplantation of retinal pigment
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epithelial cells |
390 |
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A. S. L. Kwan, T. V. Chirila and S. Cheng, Queensland Eye |
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Institute, Australia |
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15.1 |
Introduction |
390 |
15.2 |
The scale of the problem of age-related macular |
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degeneration |
391 |
15.3 |
Retinal pigment epithelium–Bruch’s membrane complex |
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and the effect of ageing |
391 |
15.4 |
Summary of the aetiology and management of age-related |
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macular degeneration |
394 |
15.5 |
Retinal pigment epithelium transplantation from animals |
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to human |
395 |
15.6Biomaterials for retinal pigment epithelium cell culture
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and transplantation |
396 |
15.7 |
Conclusions and future trends |
403 |
15.8 |
Acknowledgements |
403 |
15.9 |
References |
404 |
Part III Other applications |
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16 |
Hydrogel sealants for wound repair in ophthalmic |
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surgery |
411 |
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M. Wathier and M. W. Grinstaff, Boston University, USA |
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16.1 |
Introduction |
411 |
16.2 |
Background and clinical needs |
411 |
16.3 |
Hydrogel sealants |
415 |
16.4 |
Short commentary on future trends |
428 |
16.5 |
Sources of further information and advice |
429 |
16.6 |
Acknowledgements |
429 |
16.7 |
References |
430 |
17 |
Orbital enucleation implants: biomaterials and design |
433 |
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D. A. Sami, Children’s Hospital of Orange County, USA; S. R. Young, |
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California Pacific Medical Center, USA |
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17.1 |
Introduction |
433 |
17.2 |
Historical perspective on enucleation |
434 |
17.3 |
Orbital anatomy and physiology after enucleation |
436 |
17.4 |
Motility implants |
440 |
17.5 |
Porous implants |
448 |
17.6 |
Trends in pediatric enucleation |
455 |
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Contents |
xi |
17.7 |
Gaps in scientific knowledge and future trends |
458 |
17.8 |
Sources of further information and advice |
462 |
17.9 |
References |
462 |
18 |
Selected polymeric materials for orbital reconstruction |
473 |
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E. Wentrup-Byrne and K. George, Queensland University of |
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Technology, Australia |
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18.1 |
Introduction |
473 |
18.2 |
Repair strategies |
475 |
18.3 |
Nature of the trauma and its influence on material choice |
476 |
18.4 |
Choice of materials for repair |
477 |
18.5 |
Non-biodegradable polymers |
479 |
18.6 |
Biodegradable and bioresorbable polymers |
487 |
18.7The future: composite materials, bone regeneration and
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tissue engineering |
491 |
18.8 |
References |
491 |
19 |
Physicochemical properties of hydrogels for use in |
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ophthalmology |
496 |
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B. J. Tighe, Aston University, UK |
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19.1 |
Introduction |
496 |
19.2 |
Water in hydrogels: effects of monomer structure |
497 |
19.3 |
Effect of hydrogel water content on properties |
504 |
19.4 |
Modified hydrogels |
515 |
19.5 |
References |
520 |
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Index |
525 |
xii
xiii
Contributor contact details
(*= main contact)
Chapter 1 |
Chapter 3 |
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T. V. Chirila |
L. Werner |
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Queensland Eye Institute |
Intermountain Ocular Research |
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41 Annerley Road |
Center |
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South Brisbane |
John A. Moran Eye Center |
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Queensland 4101 |
University of Utah |
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Australia |
65 Mario Capecchi Drive |
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E-mail: traian.chirila@qei.org.au |
Salt Lake City |
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UT 84132 |
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USA |
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Chapter 2 |
E-mail: liliana.werner@hsc.utah.edu |
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D. Morrison, B. Klenkler, |
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D. Morarescu and H. |
Chapter 4 |
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Sheardown* |
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School of Biomedical Engineering |
M. D. M. Evans* |
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and Department of Chemical |
Biomedical Materials and |
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Engineering |
Regenerative Medicine Group |
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McMaster University |
CSIRO Molecular and Health |
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1280 Main St West |
Technologies |
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Hamilton |
11 Julius Avenue |
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ON |
North Ryde |
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Canada |
Sydney |
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L8S 4L7 |
New South Wales 2113 |
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E-mail: sheardow@mcmaster.ca |
Australia |
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E-mail: meg.evans@csiro.au |
xiv Contributor contact details
D. F. Sweeney
Vision CRC and Institute for Eye Research
Rupert Myers Building Sydney
New South Wales 2052 Australia
Chapter 5
M. A. Princz and H. Sheardown*
Department of Chemical
Engineering
McMaster University
1280 Main St West.
Hamilton ON
Canada
L8S 4L7
E-mail: sheardow@mcmaster.ca
M. Griffith
University of Ottawa
550 Cumberland Street
Ottawa ON
Canada
K1N 6NS
Chapter 6
S.Proulx, M. Guillemette, P. Carrier, F. A. Auger and L. Germain*
Departments of Oto-Rhino- Laryngology and Ophthalmology, Surgery, Laboratoire d’Organogénèse Expérimentale (LOEX), Centre de recherche FRSQ du CHA universitaire de Québec
Laval University QC
Canada
GIS 4L8
E-mail lucie.germain@chg.ulaval.ca
C. J. Giasson
School of Optometry
Research Unit in Ophthalmology
Montréal University
Montréal QC
Canada
H3T IJ4
M. Gaudreault and S. L. Guérin Unité de recherche en
neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHUQ, Pavillon CHUL
Departments of Oto- Rhino-Laryngology and Ophthalmology, Anatomy and Physiology
Laval University QC
Canada
G1V OA6
Chapter 7
J. T. Jacob
Department of Ophthalmology and
Neuroscience
Louisiana State University Health
Sciences Center
2020 Gravier St, Suite B
New Orleans
LA 70112
USA
E-mail: jjacob@lsuhsc.edu
Chapter 8
T.V. Chirila*, L. W. Hirst, Z. Barnard and Zainuddin
Queensland Eye Institute 41 Annerley Road South Brisbane Queensland 4101 Australia
E-mail: traian.chirila@qei.org.au
D. G. Harkin
Queensland University of
Technology
2 George St
Brisbane
Queensland 4000
Australia
I. R. Schwab
University of California, Davis
One Shields Avenue
Davis
CA 95616
USA
Contributor contact details |
xv |
Chapter 9
A. Gwon
University of California, Irvine
1401 Avocado Avenue
Suite 903
Newport Beach
CA 92660
USA
E-mail: agwon@uci.edu
Chapter 10
T.Goda, T. Shimizu and K. Ishihara*
Departments of Materials Engineering and Bioengineering
Center for NanoBio Integration The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656
Japan
E-mail: ishihara@mpc.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Chapter 11
N. Efron*
Institute of Health and Biomedical
Innovation
Queensland University of
Technology
60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove
Queensland 4059
Australia
E-mail: n.efron@qut.edu.au
xvi Contributor contact details
P.B. Morgan and C. MaldonadoCodina
The University of Manchester
Moffat Building
Sackville Street
Manchester M60 1QD
UK
N. A. Brennan
Brennan Consultants Pty Ltd
110 Auburn Rd
Auburn Village
Melbourne 3122
Australia
Chapter 12
B. J. Tighe
Biomaterials Research Unit
School of Engineering and Applied
Science
Aston University
Birmingham
B4 7ET
UK
E-mail: b.j.tighe@eggconnect.net
Chapter 13
K. E. Swindle-Reilly*
Department of Energy,
Environmental, and Chemical
Engineering
Washington University in St Louis
3507 Lindell Blvd
St Louis
MO 63103
USA
N. Ravi
Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Departments of Ophthalmology and
Visual Sciences and of Energy,
Environmental, and Chemical
Engineering
Washington University in St Louis
Campus Box 8096
St Louis
MO 63110
USA
E-mail: nathan.ravi@med.va.gov
Chapter 14
G. A. Limb* and J. S. Ellis
UCL Institute of Ophthalmology
Division of Ocular Biology and
Therapeutics 11–43 Bath Street
London
ECIV 9EL
UK
E-mail g.limb@ucl.ac.uk
Chapter 15
A.S. L. Kwan*, T. V. Chirila and S. Cheng
Queensland Eye Institute
41 Annerley Road
South Brisbane
Queensland 4101
Australia
E-mail: tony.kwan@qei.org.au
E-mail: kswindle@wustl.edu
Contributor contact details xvii
Chapter 16 |
Chapter 18 |
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M. Wathier and M. W. Grinstaff* |
E. Wentrup-Byrne* and K. George |
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Departments of Biomedical |
Tissue Repair and Regeneration |
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Engineering and Chemistry |
Program & School of Physical |
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Metcalf Center for Science and |
and Chemical Sciences |
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Engineering |
Queensland University of |
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Boston University |
Technology |
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Boston |
2 George St |
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MA 02215 |
GPO Box 2434 |
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USA |
Brisbane |
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E-mail: mgrin@bu.edu |
Queensland 4001 |
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Australia |
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Chapter 17 |
E-mail: e.wentrupbyrne@qut.edu.au |
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D. A. Sami |
Chapter 19 |
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Pediatric Ophthalmology and |
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Strabismus |
B. J. Tighe |
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Children’s Hospital of Orange |
Biomaterials Research Unit |
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County (CHOC) |
School of Engineering and Applied |
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455 South Main Street |
Science |
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Orange |
Aston University |
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CA 92868 |
Birmingham |
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USA |
B4 7ET |
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E-mail: DSami@CHOC.org |
UK |
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E-mail: b.j.tighe@eggconnect.net |
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S. R. Young |
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California Pacific Medical Center |
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Residency Program in |
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Ophthalmology |
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San Francisco, California |
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USA |
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xviii
xix
Foreword
Biomaterials can be synthetic or biological polymers, metals, ceramics or glasses. In ophthalmology, biomaterials are mostly synthetic polymers and some biopolymers. Nevertheless, ceramics and glasses have been used in prosthetic eyeballs. A metal, titanium and a glass-ceramic have been used in keratoprostheses. Silicon, a metalloid, is used in retinal prostheses. This metalloid is also used in organosilicon polymers such as the silicones, i.e. polysiloxane backbone (O—Si—O—Si—O—), and acrylic or vinyl polymers, i.e. carbon–carbon backbone, with side branches comprising tri-siloxane moieties. Biomaterials are selected from commercial materials or specially made materials, according to the physicochemical, biological and physiological properties suitable for the specific ophthalmic application.
Nearly half a century ago, when I, a chemist without experience in medical research, joined The Ophthalmic Plastics Laboratory at the Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, affiliated to Harvard Medical School, in Boston, USA, the polymer mainly used in ophthalmology was a medical-grade poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), used in corneal or scleral contact lenses, intraocular lenses and keratoprostheses. Silicone rubber was used for glaucoma implants and in scleral buckling implants for retinal reattachment surgery. At that time, there were a relatively small number of scientists, engineers and medical doctors, working in academic or in industrial environments in a field that has expanded with the passage of time into the present interdisciplinary field of ‘biomaterials’, with numerous subspecialties, including, of course, ophthalmic biomaterials. Nowadays, there are Societies for Biomaterials in several countries, with numerous members, and several journals dealing with biomedical materials and the relatively new field of tissue engineering. Biomaterials have contributed and continue to contribute to the growth of numerous industries dealing with medical and surgical devices and, most importantly, to advances in medical procedures with devices that give patients a better quality of life, and in some cases prolong their life. The importance of biomaterials in the advances of ophthalmology and optometry is remarkable, as the reader will find in this book. The chapters by its editor, Traian Chirila, and his collaborators, and those of the outstanding group of contributors to