Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Automated Image Detection of Retinal Pathology_Jelinek, Cree_2009

Figure 2.2

Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). (a) Moderate NPDR and severe diabetic macular edema; hard exudates involve the center of the macula. (b) Moderate NPDR; microaneurysms/dot hemorrhages, hard exudate (ring) and cotton wool spots.

(c) Severe NPDR; > 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in four quadrants (three shown here) and IRMA (possibly NVE). Biomicroscopy showed the latter lesion to be intraretinal, hence it is IRMA. (d) Venous beading.

Figure 2.3

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (a) PDR with moderate diabetic macular edema. There are new vessels disc, new vessels elsewhere, IRMA, blotchy hemorrhages, microaneurysms/dot hemorrhages, and hard exudates. Hard exudate approach the center of the macula. Pan retinal photocoagulation scars are seen in the top left and top and bottom far right. (b) New vessels elsewhere. (c) PDR with preretinal hemorrhage. Hemorrhage is contained within the space between the retina and the posterior vitreous face. The hemorrhage obscures the retinal new vessels. (d) Fibrous proliferation with traction macular detachment. PDR has regressed. Regressed fibro-vascular tissue along the inferior temporal vascular arcade has contracted causing traction macular detachment. Traction lines can be seen extending into the central macula.

Figure 5.1

The outline of the proposed system for automatic identification of retinal exudates and the optic disc in color retinal images.

Figure 5.3

Color normalization and local contrast enhancement.

Figure 5.4

Pixel-level exudate recognition application on a retinal image using different ratio of exudate and nonexudate prior probabilities. The identified exudates are shown in blue and TPs are in white.

Figure 5.6

Mathematical morphology closing in different color spaces.

Figure 5.7

A comparison between color morphology and gray-level morphology.

Figure 5.8

Optic disc localization results.

Figure 6.2

Color normalization of retinal images. Top: color retinal images of a Caucasian and a Polynesian. Bottom: color normalized version of the image directly above.