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ASTIGMATISM

– OPTICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Edited by Michael Goggin

Astigmatism – Optics, Physiology and Management

Edited by Michael Goggin

Published by InTech

Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia

Copyright © 2012 InTech

All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source.

As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications.

Notice

Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.

Publishing Process Manager Petra Nenadic

Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic

Cover Designer InTech Design Team

First published February, 2012

Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org

Astigmatism – Optics, Physiology and Management, Edited by Michael Goggin p. cm.

ISBN 978-953-51-0230-4

Contents

 

Preface IX

 

 

Part 1

Development, Physiology and Optics of Astigmatism 1

Chapter 1

Physiology of Astigmatism

3

 

 

Seyed-Farzad Mohammadi,

 

 

 

Maryam Tahvildari and Hadi Z-Mehrjardi

 

Chapter 2

Etiology and Clinical

 

 

 

Presentation of Astigmatism

15

 

 

David Varssano

 

 

Chapter 3

Optics of Astigmatism and Retinal Image Quality

33

 

M. Vilaseca, F. Díaz-Doutón, S. O. Luque,

 

 

M. Aldaba, M. Arjona and J. Pujol

 

Part 2

Diagnosis and Imaging of Astigmatism 57

 

Chapter 4

Astigmatism – Definition,

 

 

 

Etiology, Classification, Diagnosis

 

 

and Non-Surgical Treatment

59

 

 

Dieudonne Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo

 

 

Chapter 5

Diagnosis and Imaging of Corneal Astigmatism

75

 

Jaime Tejedor and Antonio Guirao

 

Part 3

Correction of Astigmatism 91

 

Chapter 6

Cataract Surgery in Keratoconus

 

 

with Irregular Astigmatism

93

 

 

Jean-Louis Bourges

 

 

Chapter 7

Aspheric Refractive Correction

 

 

of Irregular Astimatism 103

 

 

Massimo Camellin and Samuel Arba-Mosquera

 

VI Contents

Chapter 8

Treating Mixed Astigmatism –

 

 

 

 

A Theoretical Comparison and Guideline for Combined

 

Ablation Strategies and Wavefront Ablation

125

 

 

Diego de Ortueta, Samuel Arba Mosquera and Christoph Haecker

Chapter 9

Management of Post-Penetrating

 

 

 

 

Keratoplasty Astigmatism

135

 

 

 

 

Sepehr Feizi

 

 

 

 

Chapter 10

Controlling Astigmatism in Corneal Marginal Grafts

147

 

Lingyi Liang and Zuguo Liu

 

 

 

 

Chapter 11

Contact Lens Correction

 

 

 

 

 

of Regular and Irregular Astigmatism

157

 

 

 

Raul Martín Herranz, Guadalupe Rodríguez Zarzuelo

 

 

and Victoria de Juan Herráez

 

 

 

 

Chapter 12

Posterior Chamber Toric Implantable

 

 

 

 

Collamer Lenses – Literature Review

181

 

 

 

Erik L. Mertens

 

 

 

 

Chapter 13

Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Astigmatism Correction

193

 

Duna Raoof-Daneshvar and Shahzad I. Mian

 

 

Chapter 14

Optimized Profiles for Astigmatic Refractive Surgery

211

 

Samuel Arba-Mosquera, Sara Padroni,

 

 

 

 

Sai Kolli and Ioannis M. Aslanides

 

 

 

Chapter 15

Measurement and Topography Guided

 

 

 

Treatment of Irregular Astigmatism

247

 

 

 

Joaquim Murta and Andreia Martins Rosa

 

 

 

Chapter 16

Toric Intraocular Lenses in Cataract Surgery

267

 

 

Nienke Visser, Noël J.C. Bauer and Rudy M.M.A. Nuijts

 

Chapter 17

Surgical Correction of Astigmatism

 

 

 

 

During Cataract Surgery

293

 

 

 

Arzu Taskiran Comez and Yelda Ozkurt

Preface

This book presents a modern understanding of the underlying physiology of primary astigmatism and the pathology of astigmatism associated with disease and trauma. It explores many therapeutic approaches to amelioration of the effects of astigmatism in its many forms by surgical and optical means. It has been my pleasure to assist in the presentation of the evidence behind our present management of this significant refractive error, the treatment of which is seldom simple. The authors and I hope that the reader will find its content accessible and useful both in daily practice and in arriving at a deeper understanding of the condition.

Dr. Michael Goggin

The Queen Elizabeth Hospital,

The University of Adelaide,

Australia