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ANGLE

CLOSURE

GLAUCOMA

edited by

Chul Hong and

Tetsuya Yamamoto

Kugler Publications, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

ANGLE CLOSURE GLAUCOMA

ANGLE CLOSURE GLAUCOMA

Edited by

Chul Hong and Tetsuya Yamamoto

Associate editors

Ki Ho Park and Yong Yeon Kim

Kugler Publications, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

This title has been published at the occasion of the 5th Meeting of the Asian Angle Closure Glaucoma Club 2007 in cooperation with the AACGC.

ISBN 10: 90 6299 215 3

ISBN 13: 978 90 6299 215 7

Distributors:

For the USA and Canada: Pathway Book Service

4 White Brook Road

Gilsum, NH 03448 U.S.A.

email: pbs@pathwaybook.com

For all other countries: Kugler Publications P.O. Box 20538

1001 NM Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Website: www.kuglerpublications.com

© Copyright 2007 Kugler Publications

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means without prior written permission by the publisher. Kugler Publications is an imprint of SPB Academic Publishing bv, P.O. Box 97747,

2509 GC The Hague, The Netherlands

Preface

v

 

 

Table of Contents

 

Preface

vii

Chul Hong and Tetsuya Yamamoto

History

1

Por-Tying Hung

Epidemiology of angle closure glaucoma

11

Yuji Kondo and Tetsuya Yamamoto

Anatomy and biometry

19

Tsing-Hong Wang, Jui-Wen Hsieh and Por-Tying Hung

Pathophysiology of angle-closure glaucoma

29

Yong Yeon Kim

Classification

41

Ningli Wang, Sizhen Li and Yuanbo Liang

Screening for angle-closure glaucoma

57

Tae-Woo Kim, Ki Ho Park and Chul Hong

Gonioscopy

63

Haruki Abe, Jun Ueda and Motohiro Shirakashi

Provocative test

73

Ja Heon Kang, Ki Ho Park and Chul Hong

Ultrasound biomicroscopy

79

Yukitaka Uji

Anterior segment optical coherent tomography

91

Lisandro Sakata and Tin Aung

New approaches to visualize the anterior chamber angle

101

Somkiat Asawaphureekorn

Optic nerve and visual field examinations

115

Atsuo Tomidokoro and Goji Tomita

Acute angle closure

123

Ki Ho Park, Dong Myung Kim and Chul Hong

Intermittent angle closure

133

Patricia M. Ku, Margarita L. Luna and Manuel B. Agulto

Chronic angle closure

137

Prin RojanaPongpun

Occludable angles

145

Rainier Covar and Paul Healey

Plateau iris

155

Ramanjit Sihota, Tanuj Dada and Viney Gupta

Lens-associated angle closure

163

Seng Kheong Fang, Ropilah Abdul Rahman and Mimiwati Zahari

Secondary angle-closure glaucoma

171

Norman M. Aquino, Ma. Imelda R. Yap-Veloso and Mario M. Yatco

vi

Table of Contents

 

 

Malignant glaucoma

181

Davaatseren Uranchimeg, Jamyanjav Baasankhuu

Medical treatment

195

Kwou-Yeung Wu, Jui-Wen Hsieh and Por-Tying Hung

Laser iridotomy

201

Pradeep Ramulu and David S. Friedman

Argon laser peripheral iridoplasty

217

Clement C.Y. Tham, Jimmy S.M. Lai and Dennis S.C. Lam

Trabeculectomy

225

Kyoko Ishida and Tetsuya Yamamoto

Goniosynechialysis

239

Chaiwat Teekhasaenee and Robert Ritch

Phacoemulsification in patients with preexisting primary angle-closure

glaucoma

249

Xudong Song, Ningli Wang and Zheng Gu

Combined surgery

258

Xiaozhen Wang and Ningli Wang

Paracentesis

275

Dennis S.C. Lam, Clement C.Y. Tham and John K.H. Chua

Index of authors

279

Preface

vii

 

 

Preface

It is a great pleasure and honor to announce that members of the Asian Angle-Closure Glaucoma Club (AACGC) have finally launched the publication of the Angle-Closure Glaucoma textbook. We, the editors of the AACGC, would like to convey our deepest appreciation to the members of the AACGC who dedicated their time and efforts to developing the book, and celebrate this landmark publication in angle-closure glaucoma with all of the members of the AACGC.

On October 18, 2001, the AACGC was founded by Chul Hong, Yong Yeon Kim, Ki Ho Park (Korea), Tetsuya Yamamoto (Japan), Prin Rojanapongpun (Thailand), and Kwou-Yeoung Wu (Taiwan), with the aim of playing a leading role in the resolution of prevailing issues related to angle-closure glaucoma in Asian countries. The incidence of angle-closure glaucoma is common throughout Asia, and numerous people have lost their sight as a result. Before the AACGC was established, there had been no sufficient coordination among glaucoma specialists in Asian countries with regard to terminology, classification, and pathophysiology as part of a scholarly effort among glaucoma specialists. On October 18, 2001, a few forward-thinking, young Asian glaucoma specialists took initiatives to set up the AACGC as an Asian-wide scholarly club with the intent of playing a key role in resolving issues related to angle-closure glaucoma. The Organization Committee was soon formed, and it was decided that the firstmeetingoftheAACGCwouldbeheldinSeoul,Korea.TheOrganizingCommittee included Advisory Committee members (Dong Ho Youn (Korea), Yoshiaki Kitazawa (Japan), Por-Tying Hung (Taiwan)); Committee members; (President Chul Hong (Korea), Vice-president Tetsuya Yamamoto (Japan), General Secretary Yong Yeon Kim (Korea)); and Scientific Committee members (Ki Ho Park (Korea), Ningli Wang (China), Paul Chew (Singapore), Prin Rojanapongpun (Thailand), Kwou-Yeung Wu (Taiwan), Goji Tomita (Japan), and Tsing-Hong Wang (Taiwan)).

The first official meeting of the AACGC was held in Seoul, Korea on November 7-8, 2002, with about 110 Koreans and 27 foreigners attending the meeting to address the characteristics, terminologies, diagnosis, and treatment of angle-closure glaucoma through 33 presentations and subsequent discussions. Professor Chul Hong chaired the meeting. Research papers presented in this first meeting were published under the title “Angle-Closure Glaucoma Update 2002” in November 2003, serving as the start of the written history of AACGC.

ThesecondmeetingwasheldinBangkok,ThailandonNovember28,2003withabout thirty attendees, in conjunction with the 19th Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology. This meeting was chaired by Professor Prin RojanaPongpun.

The third meeting was held as a pre-meeting event in Wuhan, China, on September 7-8,2004inconjunctionwiththeAnnualMeetingofChineseOphthalmologicalSociety, with about thirty attendees to address the latest in research activities. Professor Ningli Wang chaired the meeting.

The fourth meeting was held in Taipei on October 29-30, 2005. This meeting was chaired by Professors Kwou-Yeung Wu and Tsing-Hong Wang. About fifty attendees held two special symposiums on ACG, and 32 topics were presented and discussed.

The fifth of these meetings is to be held in Gifu, Japan on September 15-16, 2007 in conjunction with the Annual Meeting of the Japan Glaucoma Society, and Professor Tetsuya Yamamoto will chair the meeting. A total of 34 topics, including special lectures, will be presented.

Since its founding in October 2001, the AACGC has held four meetings and has actively undertaken activities to promote its missions. The consistent attention and support of the members has been a key in the success that the AACGC has achieved through its annual meetings.

viii

Preface

Although the AACGC has grown into an important scholarly club over a short period of time, members still need to forge an alliance through information exchange and cooperation, and must pursue future-oriented collaborative studies, keeping in mind the dreams and visions for the future of the AACGC. As a way of forging cooperation among members, the publication of the ACG textbook was suggested in the board meeting, held in October 2005, and executive board members agreed to pursue the project.

Chul Hong and Tetsuya Yamamoto were appointed as editors, and Ki Ho Park (scientific committee member) and Yong Yeon Kim (general secretary) were appointed as associate editors. The executive board members as well as scientific committee members from each country were appointed as regional editors.

The book was intended to provide information on the basic and essential concepts and mechanisms of angle-closure glaucoma, and the latest developments in diagnosis and treatment. The AACGC was committed to developing a book that is easy to read and understand through sufficient illustrations, figures, and tables, and more importantly, is clinically useful, effective, and necessary. The AACGC intends to make it the ‘angle-closure glaucoma bible’ for clinicians and students across the world.

Each chapter of the book was assigned to glaucoma specialists specializing in the respective area of research, and all members in Asian countries were encouraged to contribute. The topic of each chapter was fixed, and authors were invited through the regional editors by referring to research findings presented in meetings. The publication of the book was scheduled to occur prior to the Gifu meeting in September 2007. Completed manuscripts were submitted to the office in Seoul in February 2007 and reviewed by editors over a three-day period.

In the AAO meeting held on November 12, 2006, Ki Ho Park (associate editor) met Mr. Peter Bakker, the CEO of Kugler Publications, and discussed issues that needed to be addressed prior to the publication of the book. Despite time constraints, Kugler expedited its process for the AACGC, and published the book as scheduled. The published book will make the forthcoming Gifu meeting a festival environment for all members of the AACGC.

Dear fellow members, we have finally developed a book of ourselves, by ourselves, and for ourselves. After a great deal of hard work and dedication by the members of the AACGC, our dreams of publishing this book have finally become reality. This book will remain a precious asset of the AACGC. It was a time of joy and excitement for us to edit the manuscripts that had been eagerly prepared by authors, and it has been a tremendous honor to write the preface of the book.

We attribute the successful publication of the book to all of the members who have been dedicated to the activities of the AACGC since the foundation of the club, and to those who have written manuscripts for the book. We would like to thank them for their dedication and excellent work. We would also like to thank AACGC regional editors for their service in inviting authors and contacting authors for the submission of manuscripts; and Professor Ki Ho Park and Professor Yong Yeon Kim for their significant contributions to the editing process.

We should also add that the book would not have become available as scheduled without the kind assistance of Mr. Peter Bakker and his son, Mr. Simon Bakker, of Kugler Publications. We offer our sincere thanks for their valuable assistance in the making of final decisions and for publishing the book.

August 8, 2007

 

Chul Hong, MD, PhD

Tetsuya Yamamoto, MD, PhD

President of the AACGC

Vice-President of the AACGC