Task 1. Watch the video and fill the gaps
Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids
Hello and welcome to another science man digital lesson. Today we're going to take on the interesting topic of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids.
A classic Newtonian fluid is water. Water has a very predictable viscosity and will always flow predictably regardless of the forces acting on it.
Newtonian fluids also have predictable viscosity in response to temperature and pressure changes.
To investigate the properties of Newtonian fluids experimentally, let's start with some warm honey.
As you can see here, warm honey flows easily and it will easily flow around objects such as this ruler.
Placing a force on the honey has no effect on its viscosity. Even if we place a large force on it with a hammer, the honey predictably flows around the hammer.
If we try the same thing with cold honey, we see, as you expect, the honey is more viscous that is it flows slower, but when we test it with the ruler we see it behaves much like the warm honey. It's the same when using the hammer.
It's, warm or cold, is a good example of a Newtonian fluid.
Let's try a different fluid. We'll perform the same test with cornstarch solution. When you pour this solution it appears to behave much the same way as the honey.
When you place a ruler into it slowly, the fluid flows around the ruler. However, when you attempt to force the ruler into the fluid, the fluid instantly becomes more viscous.
Hammering the fluid with even more force produces even more resistance to flow. Because the cornstarch solutions viscosity changes with an applied force, it is a non-Newtonian fluid.
Unlike a Newtonian fluid, applying forces to this non-Newtonian fluid causes its particles to behave more like a solid.
This makes the behavior of non-Newtonian fluids very strange. As you can see here, even though cornstarch solution flows when emptied from a bucket, you can't break its surface even when using a sledgehammer. You can even jump on an cornstarch solution. Just remember: don’t stand on it, as you will eventually sink.
So in summary, non-Newtonian fluids have unpredictable responses to applied forces. With applied forces they become more viscous, such as cornstarch, or less viscous like ketchup.
What other fluids might you suspect to be non-Newtonian fluids? Try your own fluid experiments to find out.
Thanks for viewing this science man digital lesson.
Vocabulary
Take on – (зд.) приступать
Predictable – предсказуемый
Response – отклик
Cornstarch – кукурузный крахмал
Pour – лить, разливать
Instantly – немедленно
To behave – вести себя
Sledgehammer –кувалда
Suspect – подозревать
Digital - цифровой