82 |
6 Kuwait Soil Taxonomy Hierarchy Soil Families and Soil Series |
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Soil Orders (2)
↓
Soil Suborders (7)
↓
Soil Great Groups (10)
↓
Soil Subgroups (18)
↓
Soil Families (24)
↓
Soil Series (39) Semi-detailed survey
Based on the reconnaissance and semi-detailed soil surveys (KISR 1999a, b), 2 soil orders, 7 suborders, 10 great groups, 18 subgroups, 24 soil families and 39 soil series were mapped. The name of soil series is given due to the location, where first time it is recognized. While developing soil maps in both surveys, soil families are the component soils of the map units in reconnaissance survey, and soil series as component soils of the map units in semi-detailed survey maps. Among the soil taxonomy hierarchy, soil series (6th level) are the most homogeneous classes and are the most common tool for communicating information about a particular soil type. As a general guide, a new soil series differs appreciably in either morphology or composition, or both, from already defined soil series. Differences in relevant characteristics must be larger than what may be normal errors of observation or estimates. Tables 6.1 and 6.2 provide details of the soil great groups and soil subgroups identified in reconnaissance and semi-detailed soil survey of Kuwait. The surveyors are recommended to key out soils in future surveys of Kuwait and to correlate the soil information with Tables 6.3 and 6.4, which are providing the taxonomic names of families and series. Further information about soil profiles (physical, chemical, mineralogical characteristics), soil map units and thematic maps can be obtained in soil survey reports (KISR 1999a, b).
To key out soil taxa at various levels. In this chapter only brief description is given with respect to soil taxonomy hierarchy of Kuwait.
6.2Soil Orders
Among the 12 soil orders recognized globally, in Kuwait only two (Aridisols and Entisols) have been mapped.
6.2 Soil Orders |
83 |
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Table 6.1 Great groups identified in reconnaissance (KISR 1999a) and semi-detailed survey (KISR 1999b) of Kuwait
Great groups Reconnaissance soil survey |
Great groups Semi-detailed soil survey |
Haplocalcids |
Haplocalcids |
Petrocalcids |
Petrocalcids |
Calcigypsids |
Calcigypsids |
Petrogypsids |
Petrogypsids |
Aquisalids |
Aquisalids |
Haplosalids |
Haplosalids |
Torripsamments |
Torripsamments |
Haplogypsids |
Haplogypsids |
Torriorthents |
– |
– |
Argigypsids |
– |
Gypsiargids |
Table 6.2 Soil subgroups identified in reconnaissance (KISR 1999a) and semi-detailed survey (KISR 1999b) of Kuwait
Soil subgroups—reconnaissance soil |
Soil subgroups—semi-detailed soil |
survey |
survey |
Typic Haplocacids |
Typic Haplocalcids |
Typic Petrocalcids |
– |
Calcic Petrocalcids |
Calcic Petrocalcids |
Typic Petrogypsids |
Typic Petrogypsids |
Calcic Petrogypsids |
Calcic Petrogypsids |
Petrocalic Petrogypsids |
Petrocalic Petrogypsids |
Petrocalcic Salidic Petrogypsids |
– |
Typic Calcigypsids |
Typic Calcigypsids |
– |
Lithic Calcigypsids |
Leptic Haplogypsids |
Leptic Haplogypsids |
Typic Haplogypsids |
Typic Haplogypsids |
– |
Calcic Salidic Argigypsids |
– |
Typic Gypsiargids |
Gypsic Aquisalids |
Gypsic Aquisalids |
Typic Aquisalids |
– |
Salidic Torriorthents |
– |
– |
Lithic Torripsamments |
Typic Torripsammnts |
Typic Torripsammnts |
Table 6.3 Soil families identified during the Reconnaissance Soil Survey for the State of Kuwait and correlated to Kuwait Soil Taxonomy (KISR 1999a)
Soil |
Subgroup |
Particle size |
Mineralogy |
Cation-exchange |
Temperature |
Identifier |
family no |
|
class |
class |
activity class |
regime |
|
1 |
Calcic Petrocalcids |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
2 |
Calcic Petrocalcids |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
Shallow |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
Calcic Petrocalcids |
Coarse-loamy |
Mixed |
Subactive |
Hyperthermic |
|
4 |
Calcic Salidic |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
|
Petrogypsids |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
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|
5 |
Gypsic Aquisalids |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
6 |
Leptic Haplogypsids |
Coarse-gypseous |
Hypergypsic |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
7 |
Petrocalcic |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
|
Petrogypsids |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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8 |
Petrocalcic Salidic |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
Shallow |
|
Petrogypsids |
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
Petrocalcic Salidic |
Coarse-loamy |
Mixed |
Active |
Hyperthermic |
|
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Petrogypsids |
|
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|
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|
10 |
Typic Aquisalids |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
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|
|
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|
11 |
Typic Calcigypsids |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
12 |
Typic Calcigypsids |
Coarse-gypseous |
Hypergypsic |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
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13 |
Typic Calcigypsids |
Coarse-loamy |
Mixed |
Semiactive |
Hyperthermic |
|
14 |
Typic Haplocalcids |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
15 |
Typic Haplocalcids |
Coarse-loamy |
Mixed |
Semiactive |
Hyperthermic |
|
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|
|
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16 |
Typic Haplogypsids |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
17 |
Typic Haplogypsids |
Coarse-gypseous |
Hypergypsic |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
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(continued) |
84
Series Soil and Families Soil Hierarchy Taxonomy Soil Kuwait 6
Table 6.3 |
(continued) |
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Soil |
Subgroup |
Particle size |
Mineralogy |
Cation-exchange |
Temperature |
Identifier |
family no |
|
class |
class |
activity class |
regime |
|
18 |
Typic Haplogypsids |
Coarse-loamy |
Mixed |
Semiactive |
Hyperthermic |
|
19 |
Typic Petrocalcids |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 |
Typic Petrocalcids |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
Shallow |
21 |
Typic Petrogypsids |
Coarse-gypseous |
Hypergypsic |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
22 |
Typic Petrogypsids |
Coarse-gypseous |
Hypergypsic |
|
Hyperthermic |
Shallow |
|
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|
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23 |
Salidic Torriorthents |
Sandy-skeletal |
Carbonatic |
|
Hyperthermic |
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24 |
Typic Torripsamments |
|
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Orders Soil 2.6
85
Table 6.4 Soil series identified during the Semi-Detailed Soil Survey for the State of Kuwait and correlated to Kuwait Soil Taxonomy (KISR 1999b)
Soil Series |
Subgroup |
Particle size |
Mineralogy |
Cation- |
Temperature |
Identifier |
Series criteria (1–2 m) |
|
|
class |
class |
exchange |
regime |
|
|
|
|
|
|
activity |
|
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|
class |
|
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|
Lulidah |
Gypsic |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Sandy, gypsic horizon, sodic |
|
Aquisalids |
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SAR > 13, saline |
Umm |
Petrocalcic |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Calcic horizon 0–1 m |
ar-Rimam |
Petrogypsids |
|
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Mityahah |
Petrocalcic |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
Shallow |
Family criteria are sufficient |
|
Salidic |
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Petrogypsids |
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Naayim |
Petrocalcic |
Coarse-loamy |
Mixed |
Active |
Hyperthermic |
|
Calcic horizon 0–1 m |
|
Salidic |
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Petrogypsids |
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Abatih |
Petrocalcic |
Loamy |
Mixed |
Semiactive |
Hyperthermic |
Shallow |
Family criteria are sufficient |
|
Petrogypsids |
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Mujaylis |
Calcic |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Family criteria are sufficient |
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Petrogypsids |
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Abu |
Typic |
Coarse-gypseous |
Hypergypsic |
|
Hyperthermic |
Shallow |
Family criteria are sufficient |
Rasayn |
Petrogypsids |
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Ruhayyah |
Calcic Salidic |
Fine-loamy |
Mixed |
Active |
Hyperthermic |
|
Coarse-loamy or fine-loamy |
|
Argigypsids |
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Abdali |
Typic |
Fine-loamy |
Mixed |
Active |
Hyperthermic |
|
Fine loamy, gypsic horizon |
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Gypsiargids |
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Talhah |
Lithic |
Sandy |
Mixed |
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Hyperthermic |
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On sandstone. Lithic contact |
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Calcigypsids |
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at 45–100 cm (R horizon) |
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(continued) |
86
Series Soil and Families Soil Hierarchy Taxonomy Soil Kuwait 6
Table 6.4 (continued)
Soil Series |
Subgroup |
Particle size |
Mineralogy |
Cation- |
Temperature |
Identifier |
Series criteria (1–2 m) |
|
|
class |
class |
exchange |
regime |
|
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|
activity |
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class |
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Maqwa |
Typic |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Sandy, gypsic horizon |
|
Calcigypsids |
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Rukham |
Typic |
Sandy |
Gypsic |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Sandy, gypsic horizon |
|
Calcigypsids |
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Sabriyah |
Typic |
Coarse-loamy |
Mixed |
Semiactive |
Hyperthermic |
|
Sandy, gypsic horizon |
|
Calcigypsids |
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Umm |
Typic |
Coarse-loamy |
Mixed |
Superactive |
Hyperthermic |
|
Coarse-loamy, gypsic |
Qudayr |
Calcigypsids |
|
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horizon |
Rawdatayn |
Typic |
Fine-loamy |
Mixed |
Semiactive |
Hyperthermic |
|
Fine loamy or coarse-loamy, |
|
Calcigypsids |
|
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|
|
gypsic horizon |
Bahrah |
Leptic |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Sandy, gypsic horizon |
|
Haplogypsids |
|
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Tarfawi |
Leptic Salidic |
Coarse-gypseous |
Hypergypsic |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Sandy, gypsic horizon and/or |
|
Haplogypsids |
|
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|
petrogypsic horizon |
|
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Qashaniyah |
Typic |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Sandy, gypsic horizon |
|
Haplogypsids |
|
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Arfajiyah |
Typic |
Coarse-gypseous |
Hypergypsic |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Sandy, gypsic horizon |
|
Haplogypsids |
|
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|
Saddah |
Calcic |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Family criteria are sufficient |
|
Petrocalcids |
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Zaqlah |
Calcic |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
Shallow |
Family criteria are sufficient |
|
Petrocalcids |
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(continued) |
Orders Soil 2.6
87
Table 6.4 |
(continued) |
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Soil Series |
Subgroup |
Particle size |
Mineralogy |
Cation- |
Temperature |
Identifier |
Series criteria (1–2 m) |
|
|
class |
class |
exchange |
regime |
|
|
|
|
|
|
activity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class |
|
|
|
Zahr |
Calcic |
Coarse-loamy |
Mixed |
Subactive |
Hyperthermic |
|
Family criteria are sufficient |
al-Liyah |
Petrocalcids |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Radhah |
Calcic |
Loamy |
Mixed |
Active |
Hyperthermic |
Shallow |
Family criteria are sufficient |
|
Petrocalcids |
|
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|
|
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|
|
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|
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|
Awjah |
Typic |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Sandy, lithic contact |
|
Haplocalcids |
|
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|
Manaqish |
Typic |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Sandy or coarse-loamy, |
|
Haplocalcids |
|
|
|
|
|
petrocalcic horizon |
Juwayhil |
Typic |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Sandy, gypsic horizon |
|
Haplocalcids |
|
|
|
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|
|
Sulaybiyah |
Typic |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Sandy, calcic horizon |
|
Haplocalcids |
|
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|
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|
Bihayth |
Typic |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Sandy |
|
Haplocalcids |
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Umm |
Typic |
Sandy |
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Coarse-loamy or fine-loamy, |
al-Luhud |
Haplocalcids |
|
|
|
|
|
gypsic horizon |
Shiqq |
Typic |
Coarse-loamy |
Mixed |
Superactive |
Hyperthermic |
|
Coarse-loamy, calcic horizon |
|
Haplocalcids |
|
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|
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Mirfi |
Lithic |
|
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
On sandstone. Paralithic |
|
Torripsamments |
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contact at 8–45 cm (Cr |
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horizon); lithic contact at |
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45–75 cm (R horizon) |
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(continued) |
88
Series Soil and Families Soil Hierarchy Taxonomy Soil Kuwait 6
Table 6.4 |
(continued) |
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|
Soil Series |
Subgroup |
Particle size |
Mineralogy |
Cation- |
Temperature |
Identifier |
Series criteria (1–2 m) |
|
|
class |
class |
exchange |
regime |
|
|
|
|
|
|
activity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class |
|
|
|
Salim |
Typic |
|
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Lithic contact (50–100 cm) |
|
Torripsamments |
|
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|
Farridah |
Typic |
|
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Sandy, lithic contact (110– |
|
Torripsamments |
|
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197 cm) |
|
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Sur |
Typic |
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Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Sandy or coarse-loamy, |
|
Torripsamments |
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|
petrocalcic horizon (110– |
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120 cm & 180–200 cm) |
Umm Niqa |
Typic |
|
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Sandy, gypsic horizon |
|
Torripsamments |
|
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Fawaris |
Typic |
|
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Sandy, calcic horizon |
|
Torripsamments |
|
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|
Muslan |
Typic |
|
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Sandy |
|
Torripsamments |
|
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|
Kabd |
Typic |
|
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Coarse-loamy or less |
|
Torripsamments |
|
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|
commonly fine-loamy or |
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fine, gypsic horizon |
Wafra |
Typic |
|
Mixed |
|
Hyperthermic |
|
Coarse-loamy, calcic horizon |
|
Torripsamments |
|
|
|
|
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Orders Soil 2.6
89